Deck 32: Overview of Animal Diversity

Question 1

In animals that display indeterminate development

A)embryonic cells have a predetermined fate.
B)bilateral symmetry cannot develop.
C)early embryonic cells,if separated from the embryo,can develop into complete organisms.
D)embryonic cells show spiral cleavage.
E)the blastopore develops into the mouth.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A biologist discovered a new animal.Upon studying embryonic development,she observed radial cleavage with the blastopore developing into an anus.This animal was categorized as a

A)parazoan.
B)radiata.
C)deuterstome.
D)protostome.
E)pseudocoelomatE.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Select the incorrect statement about deuterostomes from the following choices.

A)Deuterostomes demonstrate radial cleavage in their embryonic development.
B)Deuterostomes display indeterminate development.
C)A deuterostome's coelom is produced by invagination of the archenteron.
D)Examples of deuterostomes are echinoderms and chordates.
E)Includes most bilaterians,including flatworms,nematodes,mollusks,annelids,and arthropods.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Solid worms that lack a body cavity are known as

A)acoelomates.
B)pseudocoelomates.
C)triploblastiC.
D)coelomates.
E)diploblastic.

Question 5

The embryonic layer found only in bilaterally symmetrical eumetazoans is the _______.

Question 6

Eumetazoa can be subdivided into two principal branches based on _____.

Question 7

All of the following features are associated with bilateral symmetry in animals except

A)conferring anterior and posterior areas to the body.
B)allowing for greater efficiency in movement.
C)creating a body design of two mirror images.
D)allowing for efficiency in seeking food and mates.
E)being sessilE.

Question 8

In which phylum of marine animals did symmetrical body plans first evolve?

A)Radiata
B)Ctenophora
C)Cnidaria
D)Echinodermata
E)Parazoa

Question 9

Protostomes develop through

A)spiral cleavage.
B)radial cleavage.
C)axial cleavage.
D)polar cleavage.
E)protocleavagE.

Question 10

Which of the following features in embryonic development of deuterostomes does not represent a major difference from protostomes?

A)pattern of blastopore formation
B)radial cleavage pattern for cell division
C)number of primary germ layers
D)The first cleavage divisions of the fertilized embryo produce identical daughter cells,and any single cell,if separated can develop into a complete organism.
E)The coelom is normally produced by an invagination of the archenteron.

Question 11

Animals are multicellular heterotrophs and obtain their food by ________.

Question 12

Two outwardly dissimilar groups,the ____________ and the chordates,together with a few other small phyla,constitute the deuterostomes.

Question 13

In the animal subkingdom ______,the animals lack symmetry and possess neither tissues nor organs.

Question 14

In all deuterostomes,by contrast,the cells divide parallel to and at right angles to the polar axis.This pattern is called radial cleavage.

Question 15

Nearly all major animal body plans evolved by the _______ period.

Question 16

In a _____ circulatory system,circulation of blood is more controlled-the blood is moved faster and more efficiently than in other types of circulatory systems.

Question 17

The process in which a definite head and brain evolves is called ________.

Question 18

Of the following combination of statements about protostomes and deuterostomes,which choice is correct?

A)Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore.The anus or anal pore of protostomes develops from the second opening.Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development.
B)Protostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore.The mouth of protostomes develops from the second opening.Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development.
C)Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore.The anus or anal pore of protostomes develops from the second opening.Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore and the anus develops secondarily later in their development.
D)Protostomes are animals in which the mouth or anus develops from the blastopore,depending on the species.Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth and anus develops from the blastopore,depending on the species.

Question 19

Animals with a body cavity located between the mesoderm and endoderm are ______.

Question 20

Circulatory systems solved the problem of _____ in animals with coeloms.

A)the shorter length of digestive tracts
B)the barrier to diffusion created by tissue surrounding the gut
C)living in a terrestrial habitat
D)complexity of movement
E)decrease in oxygen levels

Question 21

Molecular data confirm that cnidarians branched off from the rest of animals before ____________ evolved.

A)echinoderms
B)Porifera
C)mollusks
D)bilaterial symmetry
E)arthropods

Question 22

Segmentation is the subdivision of the body into segments or metameres.True segmentation is found in which of the following phyla selections?

A)Annelida,Mollusca,Arthropoda
B)Echinodermata,Platyhelminthes,Cnidaria
C)Mollusca,Chordata,Annelida
D)Arthropoda,Chordata,Porifera
E)Arthropoda,Annelida,Chordata

Question 23

Bilateral symmetrical animals have evolved three body cavity plans.Each of the following statements is correct with the exception of one.Select the exception.

A)Acoelomates have no body cavity.
B)Coelomates have a body cavity lined with mesodermal cells.
C)Coelomates have a fluid filled cavity that develops entirely within the mesoderm.
D)Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is located between the ectoderm and the endoderm.

Question 24

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Platyhelminthes?

A)spiral cleavage
B)protostome
C)diploblastic
D)acoelomate
E)radial symmetry

Question 25

Which of the following is not true about animals?

A)They constitute millions of species.
B)They are very diverse in form.
C)They were some of the first organisms on the earth.
D)They show great mobility.
E)They are found in every conceivable habitat.

Question 26

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Cnidaria?

A)radial symmetry
B)pseudocoelomate
C)Parazoa
D)triploblastic
E)protostome

Question 27

Parazoa

A)are pseudocoelomates.
B)exhibit bilateral symmetry.
C)include Cnidaria and Ctenophora.
D)exhibit primitive segmentation.
E)have no true tissues.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a vertebrate?

A)radial cleavage
B)indeterminate development
C)circulatory system present
D)diploblastic
E)coelomate

Question 29

Which of the following terms is mismatched with its meaning or characteristics?

A)diploblastic-ectoderm and mesoderm
B)triploblastic-ectoderm,mesoderm,and endoderm
C)Parazoa-lacks symmetry;no tissues
D)Eumetazoa-definite symmetry;tissues organized
E)Chordate-animal with notochord

Question 30

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Mollusca?

A)protostome
B)pseudocoelomate
C)Parazoa
D)diploblastic
E)asymmetry

Question 31

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Arthropoda?

A)radial symmetry
B)diploblastic
C)coelomate
D)Parazoa
E)deuterostome

Question 32

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Nematoda?

A)Parazoa
B)radial cleavage
C)diploblastic
D)deuterostome
E)pseudocoelomate

Question 33

Which of the following is not correct regarding the origin of parazoans and eumetazoans?

A)The common ancestor was a protist.
B)The common ancestor was a hollow spherical colony of flagellated cells.
C)Cells within sponges resemble choanoflagellate protists.
D)Sponges evolved independently from eumetazoans.
E)Metazoans represent a monophyletic group.

Question 34

In attempts to discover the origin of metazoans,ribosomal RNA sequences indicate that the _____________ hypothesis is correct.

A)paraphyletic ciliate
B)multinucleate
C)colonial flagellate
D)metazoan
E)polyphyletic origin

Question 35

Molecular analysis suggests that the rapid diversification during the Cambrian explosion may have been due to evolution of the Hox genes.

A)definite shape and symmetry.
B)tissues organized into organs and organ systems.
C)distinct embryonic layers which differentiate into adult tissues.
D)the Hox genes.
E)having cells organized into tissue layers.

Question 36

Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Annelida?

A)bilateral symmetry
B)triploblastic
C)protostome
D)indeterminate cleavage
E)spiral cleavage

Question 37

Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Chordata?

A)Eumetazoa
B)diploblastic
C)bilateral symmetry
D)deuterostome
E)coelomate

Question 38

Select the correct choice to answer the following question.What are the three animal phyla that dominate animal life on land?

A)Cnidaria,Mollusca,Platyhelminthes
B)Porifera,Arthropoda,Nematoda
C)Nematoda,Chordata,Cnidaria
D)Mollusca,Arthropoda,Chordata
E)Platyhelminthes,Nematoda,Arthropoda

Question 39

A zoologist studies an animal that is a deuterostome.Which of the choices makes the sentence that follows incorrect? You know that deuterostomes

A)are bilateral symmetrical.
B)evolved from protostomes.
C)are animals in which the blastopore develops into the mouth.
D)are animals in which any cell can develop into a complete organism.
E)are coelomates.

Question 40

Animals are distinct among multicellular organisms in all of the following features except

A)their cells lack rigid cell walls and are flexible.
B)they can move more rapidly and in more complex ways than members in other eukaryotic kingdoms.
C)they develop from a zygote in a characteristic embryonic development.
D)they show great diversity in size,form,and structure.
E)they are homotrophic.

Question 41

Which one of the following statements about segmentation is false?

A)Segmentation can produce redundant systems.
B)Segmentation can enhance locomotion.
C)Only three phyla show true segmentation.
D)The evolution of segmentation is highly convergent.
E)Although fusion of segments is common,a study of embryology makes segmentation evident.

Question 42

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Bryozoa?

A)radial symmetry
B)lophophore
C)Parazoa
D)deuterostome
E)radial cleavage

Question 43

Which one of the following features would indicate that an animal is not a protostome?

A)bilateral symmetry
B)open or closed circulatory system
C)blastopore opens into the archenteron
D)three primary tissue layers
E)body parts arranged around a central axis

Question 44

Which one of the following features would indicate that an animal is not a deuterostome?

A)triploblastic
B)blastopore becomes the anus
C)dividing cells on a radius from the polar axis
D)coelom partially lined with mesoderm
E)identical twinning can occur

Question 45

Select the following phylum that includes protostome animals that are segmented,bilaterally symmetric,and have a chitinous exoskeleton.

A)Arthropoda
B)Annelida
C)Mollusca
D)Brachiopoda
E)Platyhelminthes

Question 46

Which one of the following statements about origins of animals is false?

A)Most taxonomists agree that the origin of the metazoans is polyphyletic.
B)The multinucleate hypothesis states that metazoans arose from multinuclear protists.
C)The colonial flagellate hypothesis states that metazoans arose from choanoflagellate-like protists.
D)The polyphyletic origin hypothesis states that the sponges evolved independently from the eumetazoans.
E)Molecular data shows that metazoans are more closely related to flagellates than to ciliates.

Question 47

Select the following phylum that includes coelomate,bilaterian animals that have a structure called a notochord.

A)Echinodermata
B)Annelida
C)Arthropoda
D)Mollusca
E)Chordata

Question 48

Which one of the following statements about molecular systematics and its role in the classification of animals is false?

A)Clades consist of monophyletic taxa sharing the same gene sequences.
B)Different molecules sometimes support different taxonomic relationships.
C)Molecular data suggests that arthropods and annelids are part of the same clade.
D)Molecular data suggests that a new group of "molting" animals,the Ecdysozoa,is monophyletic.
E)Combining data from many different molecules gives the best picture of phylogenetic relationships.

Question 49

Select the following phylum that includes animals that are unsegmented,acoelomate,and have a digestive cavity with a single opening.

A)Annelida
B)Platyhelminthes
C)Nematoda
D)Cnidaria
E)Rotifera

Question 50

Which one of the following features of animals is unique to animals?

A)cells organized into tissues
B)movement associated with muscle tissue and nervous tissue
C)heterotrophism
D)cells without walls
E)embryonic development

Question 51

Which one of the following is not the type of evidence used in a traditional classification of animals?

A)coelom type
B)rRNA sequences
C)symmetry
D)number of embryonic tissue layers
E)fate of the blastopore

Question 52

Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Nematoda?

A)asymmetry
B)protostome
C)coelomate
D)triploblastic
E)determinate cleavage

Question 53

Select the following phylum that includes deuterostome animals that are exclusively marine and have radial symmetry as adults.

A)Porifera
B)Rotifera
C)Echinodermata
D)Chordata
E)Cnidaria

Question 54

Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Porifera?

A)Parazoa
B)no true tissues
C)asymmetry
D)acoelomate
E)diploblastic

Question 55

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Ctenophora?

A)often bioluminescent marine animals
B)protostome
C)coelomate
D)deuterostome
E)Parazoa

Question 56

Which one of the following terms does not apply to adults in the phylum Echinodermata?

A)triploblastic
B)bilateral symmetry
C)coelomate
D)deuterostome
E)Eumetazoa