Deck 8: Photosynthesis

Question 1

The ______ plants utilize a specialized carbon fixation enzyme and a unique cell structure to reduce the problems of photorespiration.

A)C₃
B)C₄
C)desert
D)arctic

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Carbon fixation occurs during the dark reactions,or _____________,in photosynthesis.

A)glycolysis
B)metabolism
C)respiration
D)the Calvin cycle

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following scientists is not associated with studies on photosynthesis?

A)Blackman
B)Jan Ingenhousz
C)Krebs
D)Calvin
E)Van Niel

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Light consists of units of energy called

A)electrons.
B)photons.
C)protons.
D)neutrons.
E)pigments.

Question 5

In green plant photosynthesis,the electron donor for the light dependent reaction is

A)carbon dioxide.
B)oxygen.
C)RuBP.
D)chlorophyll II.
E)water.

Question 6

Even though the Calvin cycle reactions require the products of the light reactions,its reactions can occur in the ________.

A)light
B)dark
C)root
D)cold

Question 7

In the _____ reactions of photosynthesis,electron carrier molecules are reduced and ATP is synthesized.

A)light
B)dark
C)energetic
D)chemical

Question 8

The Calvin cycle is driven by ATP and _____ produced in the light reactions.

A)NAD⁺
B)NADH
C)NADP⁺
D)NADPH

Question 9

Flattened sacs of internal membranes associated with photosynthesis are called

A)chloroplasts.
B)photosystems.
C)the stroma.
D)thylakoids.
E)cristaE.

Question 10

Plants and algae use a two-stage _________ in the light dependent reactions.

A)photosystem
B)pigment
C)emission
D)electron

Question 11

Each pigment molecule has a characteristic ________ spectrum.

A)pigment
B)absorption
C)emission
D)energy

Question 12

In the dark reactions of photosynthesis,CO₂ is added to a five-carbon sugar-phosphate known as

A)cyclic AMP.
B)NADH.
C)NAD⁺.
D)RuBP.
E)CAM.

Question 13

_______ adapted plants such as cacti,pineapples,etc.show a pattern of stomatal opening and closing that is the reverse of C₃ plants.

A)C₃
B)Arctic
C)CAM
D)Calvin cycle

Question 14

Carbon atoms of CO₂ are incorporated into organic molecules in a series of dark reactions called

A)carbon reduction.
B)carbon synthesis.
C)carbon fixation.
D)carbon activation.
E)carbon oxidation.

Question 15

Most plants incorporate carbon dioxide into sugars by means of a cycle of reactions called the

A)CAM cycle.
B)carbon cycle.
C)Calvin cycle.
D)Krebs cycle.
E)electron transport cyclE.

Question 16

The general process whereby protons accumulate on one side of a membrane and can flow back across the membrane through ATP synthase resulting in ATP production is called _________________.

A)chemiosmosis
B)ATP synthesis
C)diffusion
D)active transport

Question 17

The wavelengths absorbed by a particular pigment depend on the available ______ levels to which the light-excited electrons can be absorbed.

A)radiation
B)electron
C)energy
D)photosynthetic

Question 18

Clusters of chlorophyll and accessory pigments are called _________.

A)the Golgi apparatus
B)chloroplasts
C)photosystems
D)photosynthetic membranes

Question 19

__________ is the process by which certain organisms capture energy from sunlight and use it to build energy-rich food molecules.

A)Metabolism
B)Photosynthesis
C)Respiration
D)Energy

Question 20

In eukaryotes,photosynthesis takes place inside the _________.

A)chloroplasts
B)mitochondria
C)cytoplasm
D)Golgi apparatus

Question 21

Photosystem II absorbs protons that are slightly more energetic than photosystem I,but similarly pass this energy to a pigment called

A)P₆₈₀.
B)P₇₀₀.
C)chlorophyll I.
D)chlorophyll II.
E)retinal.

Question 22

Sunburn is caused by which component of sunlight?

A)infrared rays
B)X rays
C)gamma rays
D)ultra violet rays
E)long wavelength rays

Question 23

The loss of carbon fixing activity of the enzyme RuBP carboxylase is directly proportional to

A)high temperatures and high light intensities.
B)low temperature and low light intensities.
C)completely dark conditions.
D)lack of carbon dioxide.
E)lack of oxygen.

Question 24

In which part of the chloroplasts are the Calvin cycle enzymes located?

A)stroma
B)thylakoids
C)grana
D)envelope
E)cristae

Question 25

The connection between carrots and vision is that the $\beta$ -carotene of carrots can produce two molecules of vitamin A and oxidation of vitamin A produces a pigment used in vertebrate vision.This pigment's name is

A)chlorophyll.
B)ferredoxin.
C)cytochrome.
D)carotene.
E)retinal.

Question 26

In dark reactions,when CO₂ is added to a molecule of RUBP the product is

A)citric acid.
B)glucose.
C)glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
D)phosphoglycerate.
E)pyruvatE.

Question 27

Embedded in the thylakoid membrane and protruding as knobs from the outer surface into the stroma,there are

A)enzymes that fix carbon dioxide.
B)proton channels that synthesize ATP.
C)chlorophyll a and b.
D)P₆₈₀ and P₇₀₀.
E)specialized bundle sheath cells.

Question 28

Visible light has a wavelength range of

A)400-700 nanometers.
B)200-800 nanometers.
C)200-400 nanometers.
D)200-700 nanometers.
E)0.001-100,000 nanometers.

Question 29

In the photosystem I photocenter,light energy captured by pigment molecules is passed on to a special molecule called

A)P₆₈₀.
B)P₇₀₀.
C)chlorophyll I.
D)chlorophyll II.
E)retinal.

Question 30

What products of light reactions of photosynthesis are used in the Calvin cycle?

A)oxygen and protons
B)carbon dioxide and water
C)ATP and NADPH
D)ADP and NADP
E)glucose and oxygen

Question 31

How many revolutions of the Calvin cycle are required to produce the sugar glucose?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 32

The cyclic carbon fixation reactions are also known as the

A)Krebs cycle.
B)Calvin cycle.
C)citric acid cycle.
D)tri carboxylic acid cycle.
E)Blackman cyclE.

Question 33

The dark reactions of photosynthesis are those that

A)convert chlorophylls into enzymes.
B)convert enzymes into chlorophylls.
C)convert water into hydrogen and oxygen.
D)convert CO₂ into reduced molecules (sugars).
E)only occur in the dark.

Question 34

Molecules that absorb light are called

A)enzymes.
B)electron carriers.
C)pigments.
D)photosynthesizers.
E)absorbers.

Question 35

CO₂ is released without the production of ATP or NADPH.This process is called

A)carbon fixation.
B)oxygen fixation.
C)photophosphorylation.
D)photorespiration.
E)photooxidation.

Question 36

Photosystem II differs from photosystem I in that _____________ is not made directly from the process.

A)ATP
B)NADH
C)NADPH
D)carbohydrates
E)water

Question 37

The photosynthetic electron transport causes the accumulation of protons in which part of the chloroplast?

A)matrix
B)stroma
C)envelope
D)outer membrane
E)internal thylakoid space

Question 38

Chlorophyll b absorbs in green wavelengths of light that chlorophyll a cannot absorb.In this respect,chlorophyll b acts as

A)an accessory pigment.
B)an energizer for photosynthetic bacteria.
C)a light absorber in the green light.
D)a more efficient pigment.

Question 39

Which of the following is common to both cellular respiration and the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A)the transfer of electrons to glucose
B)the chemiosmotic formation of ATP
C)oxygen is one of the byproducts
D)mitochondria are essential organelles
E)must have light

Question 40

The photosystem channels the excitation energy gathered by absorption of light by any one of the pigment molecules to a specific "reaction center chlorophyll," which in turn passes the energy to

A)photosystem I.
B)photosystem II.
C)the primary electron acceptor.
D)the secondary electron center.
E)cytochromE.

Question 41

Engelmann (1883)determined the wavelengths of light that plants could use most effectively.He used a green algae and __________ to obtain his results.

A)another green algae
B)anaerobic bacteria
C)aerobic bacteria
D)radioactive isotopes
E)a mass spectrometer

Question 42

Shortest wavelength and highest-energy photons within the visible spectrum;one of the regions where chlorophylls absorb.

A)green
B)violet-blue
C)red
D)ultraviolet
E)yellow-orange

Question 43

Jean Baptista van Helmont performed an experiment in which he planted a small willow tree in a pot of soil,after weighing both the plant and the soil.He watered the plant regularly.At the conclusion of the experiment five years later,the weight of the tree increased by 74.4 kg,while weight of the soil decreased by 57 kg.The primary source of the increased weight (mass)of the plant is from

A)oxygen in the air.
B)carbohydrates absorbed through the roots.
C)the water he added.
D)CO₂ in the air.

Question 44

If chlorophyll a is blocked from absorbing,what will happen to chlorophyll b since it is an accessory pigment?

A)Chlorophyll b will become denatured and will not function as a light-absorbing pigment.
B)Chlorophyll b will still absorb near the green wavelengths of light,but photosynthesis will be greatly reduced.
C)Chlorophyll b will become saturated with light and will continue photosynthesis even in the absence of chlorophyll a.
D)Chlorophyll b will also be blocked and thus photosynthesis will be stoppeD.

Question 45

The Calvin cycle requires all of the following except

A)carbon dioxide.
B)oxygen.
C)ATP.
D)NADPH.
E)water.

Question 46

Fall leaf color on deciduous trees is a result of

A)the production of more accessory pigments because of the cooler temperatures.
B)the reduction in the production of accessory pigments because of the cooler temperatures.
C)cessation of chlorophyll production,which allows the accessory pigments to be revealed.
D)the increased angle of the sun during the fall,which reflects more of the accessory pigments causing the human eye to see the red,yellow,and orange colors that were masked by the green chlorophyll.

Question 47

A scientist is hoping to synthesize a new herbicide that will kill certain weeds.She has found that one weed species in particular has thylakoids that have rather large pores.The herbicide will open the pores of these thylakoids,causing them to leak

A)stromal enzymes.
B)chlorophyll.
C)ATP.
D)glucose.
E)NADPH.

Question 48

Visible light with longest wavelength and lowest-energy photons;one of the regions where chlorophylls absorb.

A)green
B)violet-blue
C)red
D)ultraviolet
E)yellow-orange

Question 49

One of the disadvantages of the C₄ pathway is that it requires

A)more O₂.
B)more NADPH.
C)more light.
D)more ATP.
E)a much higher temperaturE.

Question 50

Your class project involves a presentation of the photoelectric effect.Which of the following materials would be the most helpful for a clear demonstration?

A)glow in the dark stickers and a UV light
B)glow in the dark stickers and an infrared light
C)a prism and a visible light source
D)a prism and a UV light source

Question 51

Carotenoids are important to many plants because these pigments are able to

A)remove carbon dioxide from the air.
B)absorb wavelengths of light that neither chlorophyll a nor b can absorB.
C)absorb water so that hydrolysis can be carried out in the chloroplasts.
D)capture UV radiation that is harmful to the DNA in the nucleus of plant cells.
E)store electrons for use during the "dark" reaction of photosynthesis.

Question 52

Which of the following is not part of the light-dependent reactions?

A)primary photoevent
B)charge separation
C)Calvin cycle
D)electron transport
E)chemiosmosis

Question 53

Visible light not strongly absorbed by chlorophyls.

A)green
B)violet-blue
C)red
D)ultraviolet
E)yellow-orange

Question 54

High energy component of the electromagnetic spectrum;associated with sunburn.

A)green
B)violet-blue
C)red
D)ultraviolet
E)yellow-orange

Question 55

Apparent color of chlorophylls.

A)green
B)violet-blue
C)red
D)ultraviolet
E)yellow-orange

Question 56

A method devised by succulent desert plants to reduce the problem of photorespiration is

A)the C₃ pathway.
B)the CAM metabolism.
C)the Calvin cycle.
D)light reactions.
E)nitrogen fixation.

Question 57

Engelmann (1883)discovered that the wavelengths of light that chlorophyll most strongly absorbed were

A)in the red-violet wavelengths of the visible light spectrum.
B)in the green wavelength of the visible light spectrum.
C)in the yellow-orange wavelengths of the visible light spectrum.
D)in the ultraviolet wavelengths of the light spectrum.
E)in the infrared wavelengths of the light spectrum.

Question 58

Most of the atmospheric oxygen occurs as a result of photosynthesis.From which of the following molecules is the oxygen derived?

A)water
B)carbon dioxide
C)glucose
D)chlorophyll

Question 59

In the plants that utilize the CAM pathway,what happens to the stomata?

A)The stomata open in the afternoon but close as soon as the sun sets.
B)The stomata open in the morning but close in the afternoon.
C)The stomata open in the evening but close in the morning.
D)The stomata open only when the sun is shining and close at night.

Question 60

Which of the following statements supports the fact that chlorophyll a is not the only pigment involved in photosynthesis?

A)The rate of photosynthesis is low at wavelengths when the absorption by chlorophyll a is high.
B)The rate of photosynthesis is high at wavelengths when the absorption by chlorophyll a is low.
C)The rate of photosynthesis is low at wavelengths when the absorption by chlorophyll a is low.
D)The rate of photosynthesis is high at wavelengths when the absorption by chlorophyll a is high.

Question 61

If you exposed a C₄ plant to ¹⁴CO₂ in the light,which of the following would be the first organic molecule labeled with ¹⁴C?

A)oxaloacetate
B)malate
C)pyruvate
D)phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

Question 62

During electron transport,the thylakoid space becomes

A)the site of ATP synthesis.
B)the site of NADPH production.
C)less acidic than the stroma.
D)more acidic than the stroma.

Question 63

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA)is involved in the regulation of photorespiration.Based on this information,ABA likely plays a role in

A)the opening and closing of stomatA.
B)the photoelectric effect.
C)cyclic photophosphorylation.
D)noncyclic photophosphorylation.

Question 64

Emerson and colleagues discovered the enhancement effect while studying photosynthesis in green algae.The algae were illuminated with light of either 680 nm or 700 nm,and the rate of photosynthesis was measured.The researchers found that the rate of photosynthesis when the lights were applied simultaneously was greater than the sum of the rates when the lights were applied individually.These results provided evidence that

A)photosynthesis is carried out by two photosystems that act in parallel.
B)photosynthesis is carried out by two photosystems that act in series.
C)photosynthesis is carried out by two photosystems that work best at a wavelength of 690 nm.
D)photosynthesis is enhanced by the use of two photosystems.

Question 65

Your research project involves a mutational analysis of the light harvesting complex Lhca1.Your labmate asks if you are working on a cytochrome found in the outer membrane of the chloroplast.You explain that:

A)Yes,I am working on a cytochrome located in the outer chloroplast membrane.
B)I am working on a cytochrome,but it is located in the thylakoid membrane,not the outer chloroplast membrane.
C)I am working on a protein found in the antenna complex and it is located in the thylakoid membrane.
D)Although it is located in the outer membrane of the chloroplast,I am working on a protein found in the antenna complex.

Question 66

You are working to isolate pigments from a cyanobacteria species recovered from the ocean floor.Which of the following would you most likely expect to find?

A)chlorophyll a
B)chlorophyll b
C)phycobiloproteins
D)carotenoids

Question 67

Which of the following would not be considered to be a function of the antennae complex in photosynthesis?

A)enables a wide use of the visible light spectrum
B)enables an efficient light reaction
C)provides adaptability to varying light conditions
D)acts as reaction center

Question 68

Which of the following statements best describes the relative concentrations of G3P and RuBP in a chloroplast as a result of a transition from daytime (light)to nighttime (dark)?

A)The concentrations of G3P and RuBP would remain the same.
B)The concentrations of G3P and RuBP would both decrease.
C)G3P would increase and RuBP would decrease.
D)G3P would decrease and RuBP would increase.

Question 69

Which of the following experimental modifications would help to determine the sequence of reactions and the reaction intermediates in the Calvin cycle?

A)exposing the cells to ¹⁴CO₂ for various time intervals
B)exposing the cells to alternating periods of light and darkness
C)exposing the cells to radiolabeled O₂ instead of ¹⁴CO₂
D)varying other rate limiting steps of photosynthesis such as water and light

Question 70

Under what circumstances would increasing light intensity not result in an increase in the rate of photosynthesis?

A)At any given time,the rate of photosynthesis is limited by the factor which is in the shortest supply.Therefore,if a factor other than light is limited,increasing the light intensity would not result in an increase in the rate of photosynthesis.
B)At any given time,the rate of photosynthesis is limited by the factor which is in the greatest supply.Therefore,if a factor other than light is in surplus,increasing the light intensity would not result in an increase in the rate of photosynthesis.
C)At any given time,the rate of photosynthesis is at its peak.Therefore,increasing the light intensity would not result in an increase in the rate of photosynthesis.

Question 71

Describe the conflict between a plant's need to undergo photosynthesis and its need to conserve water when it is in short supply.Briefly state how plants overcome this problem.

A)For photosynthesis to occur,plants need to take in O₂ and release CO₂.Plants accomplish this task by opening and closing the stomata on their leaves.Each time the stomata are open,however,plants also lose water vapor.If water is in short supply,this loss can decrease the rate of photosynthesis.To overcome this problem,plants undergo respiration.
B)For photosynthesis to occur,plants need to take in CO₂ and release O₂.Plants accomplish this task by opening and closing the stomata on their leaves.Each time the stomata are open,however,plants also lose water vapor.If water is in short supply,this loss can decrease the rate of photosynthesis.To overcome this problem,plants undergo photorespiration.
C)For photosynthesis to occur,plants need to take in CO₂ and release O₂.Plants accomplish this task by opening and closing the stomata on their leaves.Each time the stomata are open,however,plants gain water.This gain can decrease the rate of photosynthesis.To overcome this problem,plants undergo transpiration.

Question 72

What did the radioactive molecules represent?

A)Calvin cycle enzymes used in the Calvin
B)carbon compounds produced in the Calvin cycle
C)cellular debris from Chlorella
D)carbon dioxide gas