Deck 24: Digestive System Infections

Question 1

Helicobacter pylori is,in part,able to survive in the stomach by its ability to produce

A)lactic acid from sugar.
B)fatty acids from sebum.
C)neutralizing proteins from glucans.
D)ammonia from urea.

Answer 1

ammonia from urea.

Question 2

Where in the body does the latent,non infectious,non replicating form of the herpes simplex virus persist?

A)Motor neurons
B)Red blood cells
C)Cranial nerves
D)Sensory nerves

Answer 2

Sensory nerves

Question 3

The diarrhea of cholera has been described as

A)a viscous fluid.
B)small in volume.
C)somewhat watery.
D)a rice water stool.

Answer 3

a rice water stool.

Question 4

Who determined that the cholera outbreak in 1850s London was due to contaminated water and approached the problem by removing the pump handle at the contaminated site?

A)Pasteur
B)Snow
C)Koch
D)Smith

Question 5

The viral disease that characteristically infects the parotid glands is

A)measles.
B)herpes.
C)chickenpox.
D)mumps.

Question 6

The initial attachment required for establishment of an intestinal infection is by

A)flagella.
B)cilia.
C)pseudopodia.
D)pili.

Question 7

Which of the following has shown some effectiveness in treating a herpes infection?

A)AZT
B)Protease inhibitors
C)Acyclovir
D)Cephalosporin

Question 8

The toxins involved in intestinal infections typically

A)kill cells by inhibiting protein synthesis.
B)modify cell physiology resulting in increased secretion of water and electrolytes.
C)modify cell physiology resulting in decreased secretion of water and electrolytes.
D)kill cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis.
E)kill cells by inhibiting protein synthesis AND modify cell physiology resulting in increased secretion of water and electrolytes.

Question 9

Cholera is the classic example of a(n)

A)food borne illness.
B)zoonosis.
C)opportunist.
D)very severe form of diarrhea.

Question 10

Part of the ability of S.mutans to produce dental caries depends on its ability to

A)invade plaque and dissolve the gums.
B)convert sucrose to lactic acid.
C)convert proteins to sugars.
D)attach to the gums.

Question 11

The symptoms of cholera are due to the action of

A)an endotoxin.
B)modified mucus.
C)flagella.
D)an exotoxin.

Question 12

Collections of bacteria that adhere to the surfaces of the teeth are called

A)dental caries.
B)dental plaque.
C)halitosis.
D)periodontal disease.

Question 13

The passage from the mouth to the anus is termed the

A)gut canal.
B)oral cavity.
C)grand canal.
D)gastrointestinal tract.

Question 14

This chemical compound,typically added to drinking water,makes enamel more resistant to dissolving in acid.

A)Calcium
B)Chlorine
C)Chloramine
D)Fluoride

Question 15

Helicobacter pylori appears to have some connection with

A)acid reflux disease.
B)ulcers.
C)dental caries.
D)stomach cancer.
E)ulcers AND stomach cancer.

Question 16

The chronic inflammatory process involving the gums and tissues around the teeth is called

A)dental caries.
B)periodontal disease.
C)dental plaque.
D)root caries.

Question 17

Mumps is a good candidate for elimination from the population due to

A)the existence of an effective vaccine.
B)a human-only reservoir.
C)the absence of a latent state.
D)a single serotype.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

The principal cause of dental caries is

A)S.mutans.
B)S.salivarius.
C)S.mitis.
D)S.sanguis.

Question 19

A painful finger infection attributable to herpes virus is known as a(n)

A)finger sore.
B)abrasion lesion.
C)furuncle.
D)herpetic whitlow.

Question 20

A common source of cholera infection is

A)acid rain.
B)unpasteurized milk.
C)fecal contaminated material,especially water.
D)boiled water.
E)acid rain AND boiled water.

Question 21

The primary treatment for cholera is

A)the administration of antibiotics.
B)vaccination.
C)by blood transfusion.
D)simply rehydration.
E)vaccination AND by blood transfusion.

Question 22

The animal(s)often associated with Salmonella strains is/are

A)turtles.
B)iguanas.
C)baby chickens.
D)ducks.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 23

Which of the following groups give rise to a disease similar to that caused by Shigella sp.?

A)enterotoxigenic
B)enteroinvasive
C)enteropathogenic
D)enterohemorrhagic
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 24

The most common chronic blood-borne infection in the U.S.is

A)hepatitis A
B)hepatitis B
C)hepatitis C
D)hepatitis D

Question 25

Which of the following groups contain diarrhea-causing

A)enterotoxigenic
B)enteroinvasive
C)enteropathogenic
D)enterohemorrhagic
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 26

Which group produces a toxin somewhat similar to that produced by Shigella dysenteriae?

A)enterotoxigenic
B)enteroinvasive
C)enteropathogenic
D)enterohemorrhagic
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 27

A mysterious sequel to Campylobacter jejuni infections is

A)Reye's syndrome.
B)Tourette's syndrome.
C)Pasteur's syndrome.
D)Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Question 28

The animal(s)most often associated with Campylobacter jejuni is/are

A)turtles.
B)iguanas.
C)chickens.
D)ducks.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 29

Shigella

A)are themselves nonmotile.
B)may be pushed from cell to cell by actin tails.
C)utilize pili to move.
D)utilize flagella to move.
E)are themselves nonmotile AND may be pushed from cell to cell by actin tails.

Question 30

Hepatitis A spreads via

A)the respiratory route.
B)blood transfusion.
C)body fluids.
D)the fecal-oral route.

Question 31

Shigella and cholera toxin both

A)have an A-B arrangement.
B)work through ADP ribosylation.
C)increase cAMP levels.
D)prevent protein synthesis.

Question 32

The food products most commonly contaminated with Salmonella strains are

A)meat and seafood.
B)milk and cheese.
C)fruit and vegetables.
D)eggs and poultry.

Question 33

Viral gastroenteritis that affects people of all ages and usually lasts less than 3 days is caused by

A)herpes.
B)hepatitis
C)norovirus.
D)rotavirus.

Question 34

In which of these organs does a carrier of typhoid bacilli maintain the bacteria?

A)liver
B)gallbladder
C)Peyer's patches
D)colon
E)liver AND Peyer's patches

Question 35

Which of these bacteria require a special medium and microaerophilic conditions?

A)Escherichia coli
B)Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C)Staphylococcus aureus
D)Campylobacter jejuni

Question 36

HBV is mainly spread by

A)blood.
B)blood products.
C)semen.
D)saliva.
E)blood,blood products AND semen.

Question 37

The most notorious typhoid carrier was

A)Typhoid Tilly.
B)Typhoid Tom.
C)Typhoid Mary.
D)Typhoid Mark.

Question 38

Most cases of Salmonella gastroenteritis have a(n)

A)water source.
B)human source.
C)plant source.
D)animal source.

Question 39

Vibrio cholerae and most salmonellae are

A)killed by acid conditions.
B)stimulated by acid conditions.
C)killed by low concentrations of salt.
D)killed by neutral conditions.

Question 40

Viral gastroenteritis in infants and children is most commonly caused by

A)herpes.
B)hepatitis
C)Norovirus.
D)rotavirus.

Question 41

Both Giardia lamblia and parvum are resistant to chlorine.

Question 42

The bacteria primarily responsible for dental caries is Streptococcus mutans.

Question 43

Virulent strains of Shigella typically carry an R plasmid.

Question 44

Why is it that the tongue and cheek epithelium doesn't provide a sufficient anaerobic environment for plaque anaerobes to grow,but the surface of teeth might?

A)The epithelium is supplied with oxygen by capillary beds.This makes it a relatively aerobic environment and hostile to anaerobes.
B)The tooth enamel is supplied with oxygen by capillary beds.This makes it a relatively anaerobic environment and hostile to aerobes.
C)The surface of the tongue and cheek are constantly scraped by the action of consuming food.Layers of bacterial growth that might help to supply an anaerobic environment are scraped away,exposing lower levels to oxygen-rich air.
D)The surface of teeth (especially the molars)have many pits and crevices that can serve as 'pockets' for layers of bacteria to grow in.Once the layers get deep enough,the bottom portions are anaerobic.This isn't possible on the very smooth surface of the tongue and cheek epithelium.

Question 45

Helicobacter pylori appears connected to stomach cancer and ulcers.

Question 46

Sucrose is one of the major contributors to the development of dental caries.

Question 47

Explain how Vibrio cholerae causes cholera without apparent damage to the intestinal epithelium.

A)This microbe causes destruction of the cellular structures underneath the intestinal epithelium-this is what induces the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness.This leaves the overlying intestinal epithelium intact.
B)This microbe directly invades the intestinal epithelial cells,but does not kill them.Instead,while multiplying inside them,it causes them to secrete large amounts of chloride ions.This induces water to follow by osmosis,resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness.
C)This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells,secreting an exotoxin that causes the epithelium to secrete large amounts of chloride ions.This induces large amounts of water to follow by osmosis,resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness.
D)The inflammatory reaction to the presence of this microbe causes the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness.Therefore,it's technically the immune response that initiates the disease,although this response is induced by the presence of the microbe on the intestinal epithelium.

Question 48

The infectious dose for cholera is much larger than that for shigellosis.

Question 49

may infect

A)dogs.
B)pigs.
C)cattle.
D)humans.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 50

Giardiasis may be contracted from

A)another person.
B)clear mountain streams.
C)chlorinated city water.
D)cold filtered beer.
E)another person,clear mountain streams AND chlorinated city water.

Question 51

Most North American outbreaks of Cyclospora cayetanensis have been associated with

A)cattle.
B)iguanas.
C)imported leafy vegetables and berries.
D)chickens.

Question 52

Entamoeba histolytica

A)causes amebiasis.
B)may form cysts.
C)cysts survive passage through the stomach.
D)may produce a cytotoxic enzyme.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 53

Amebiasis

A)is caused by .
B)often causes a bloody diarrhea.
C)is an infection of the stomach.
D)is restricted to temperate climates.
E)is caused by AND often causes a bloody diarrhea.

Question 54

The saliva of asymptomatic carriers of herpes simplex is commonly infectious.

Question 55

The most commonly identified waterborne illness in the United States is

A)amoebiasis.
B)cryptosporidiosis.
C)balantidiasis.
D)giardiasis.

Question 56

The oocytes of Cyclospora cayetanensis

A)are mature when eliminated in the stool.
B)do not contain sporozoites when passed in the feces.
C)are smaller than the oocytes of Cryptosporidium parvum.
D)give rise to three sporozoites.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 57

The mumps virus initially infects the respiratory tract.

Question 58

Intestinal protozoan infections are typically spread by

A)the respiratory route.
B)blood transfusion.
C)body fluids.
D)the fecal-oral route.

Question 59

Cyclospora cayetanensis has,so far,not been identified with an animal source.

Question 60

Cyclosporiosis is transmissable from person to person.

Question 61

Why might it be more difficult to prepare a vaccine against noroviruses than against rotaviruses?

A)We haven't been able to culture noroviruses in a lab setting yet.Without a starting culture,we can't create a vaccine.
B)Noroviruses are RNA viruses,where rotaviruses are DNA viruses.RNA viruses mutate far more easily than DNA viruses,so we COULD make a vaccine,but it would be rendered useless fairly quickly as the virus mutates.
C)We lack a proper culturing method for large-scale production of target cells for norovirus,whereas we have such a system for the target cells of rotaviruses.Without a system to get large numbers of target cells,we can't produce a vaccine.
D)Norovirus is much more infectious than rotavirus.As such,it's much harder to work with safety.This makes production of a vaccine too dangerous and unpredictable.

Question 62

Would you expect an individual with giardiasis who has diarrhea to be more likely to transmit the disease than an individual with giardiasis who does NOT have diarrhea? Why or why not?

A)No.This illness is spread by respiratory droplets,so diarrhea as a symptom shouldn't matter for transmission of the disease.
B)No.This illness is spread by sexual contact,so diarrhea as a symptom shouldn't matter for transmission of the disease.
C)Yes.This illness is spread by the fecal-oral route,so presence of diarrhea as a symptom should dramatically increase the possibility of transmission of infection.
D)Yes.This illness is spread by insects that feed on contaminated fecal matter,becoming infected themselves.The disease is spread to new individuals when these infected insects bite a susceptible person,transmitting the cysts of the protozoan.As such,diarrhea as a symptom would increase the risk of transmission through biting insects to new individuals.
E)No.This illness is spread when people ingest cysts,and a person with severe diarrhea excretes primarily trophozoites; an asymptomatic person is more likely to excrete cysts and is therefore more infectious.