Deck 26: Republican Resurgence and Decline

Question 1

William Green, founder and longtime president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), died in 1924.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

With the Republicans in control of the federal government, progressivism disappeared in the 1920s.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

While Warren
G. Harding presided over what can be argued as the most corrupt administration in American history, he was never personally linked to any official wrongdoing.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Herbert Hoover served as Secretary of State.

Question 5

One major cause of the Depression was that workers' wages were too high.

Question 6

"Parity," as used in this chapter, refers to farm prices.

Question 7

The McNary-Haugen bill passed both houses of Congress in 1927, only to be vetoed by President Coolidge.

Question 8

In the 1920s, many investors bought stocks on margin, that is, with borrowed funds.

Question 9

Although Herbert Hoover strictly resisted giving federal assistance directly to individuals, he did actively pursue avenues intended to put the nation's economy on the path of recovery.

Question 10

Businessmen flew "Hoover flags" to show their support for the president's hands-off approach to the Depression.

Question 11

Herbert Hoover refused to involve the government in efforts to relieve the effects of economic depression.

Question 12

Robert La Follette said, "The chief business of the American people is business."

Question 13

Warren
G. Harding was shot by the assassin Charles Guiteau.

Question 14

According to Calvin Coolidge, the president should passively defer to Congress.

Question 15

Calvin Coolidge was notorious for his love of whiskey, poker, and women.

Question 16

The "Bonus Expeditionary Force" was organized to secure the U.S.-Mexico border.

Question 17

As president, Warren Harding was actually more progressive than Woodrow Wilson in his attitudes and policies toward African Americans.

Question 18

The Kellogg-Briand Pact endorsed future wars.

Question 19

The Hawley-Smoot Tariff raised import duties to an all-time high.

Question 20

The biggest scandal under President Hoover was the "Teapot Dome" scandal of 1930.

Question 21

Of the following presidents, which tied government and business closer together than at any other time in the twentieth century?

A) Warren Harding
B) Calvin Coolidge
C) Herbert Hoover
D) Franklin Roosevelt
E) Woodrow Wilson

Question 22

During World War I, Franklin Delano Roosevelt served as:

A) assistant secretary of the navy
B) vice president
C) secretary of war
D) governor of New York
E) ambassador to Germany

Question 23

In the 1924 presidential election:

A) Robert M. La Follette barely won the nomination of a faction-ridden Republican party
B) the Democratic candidate almost upset the Republican candidate
C) Calvin Coolidge swept both the popular and electoral votes by decisive majorities
D) A. Mitchell Palmer was the Democratic candidate
E) Herbert Hoover challenged Coolidge for the Republican nomination

Question 24

Harding's administration is most remembered for:

A) the fact that he died while in office
B) the poor state of the economy while he was president
C) his promotion of the arts and culture
D) the scandals that plagued it
E) its overwhelming popularity with the American people

Question 25

Harding's secretary of the treasury, who pushed tax cuts for the wealthy, was:

A) Herbert Hoover
B) Calvin Coolidge
C) Charles Evans Hughes
D) Albert Fall
E) Andrew Mellon

Question 26

On the issue of regulating big business, President Harding:

A) showed his support for regulation by pressuring Congress to pass stricter laws
B) named conservative advocates of big business to head the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission
C) and his administration brought a record number of suits against corporations
D) named Robert La Follette, a former leading progressive, to head a government commission to investigate unfair business practices
E) appointed former president William Howard Taft as chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court

Question 27

Harding's secretary of the treasury:

A) favored retaining the high wartime level of taxation in order to build up the public treasury
B) favored a reduction of the high wartime level of taxation but mainly for the rich
C) favored a reduction of the high wartime level of taxation but mainly for the poor and middle class
D) persuaded Congress to drop the personal income tax instituted under Wilson
E) supported the calling in of all loans to Europe

Question 28

The biggest scandal of the Harding administration:

A) led to an attempt to impeach Harding that fell just four votes short of success in the House of Representatives
B) concerned a corrupt U.S. customs official who had regularly allowed Chinese imports into the country duty-free
C) was the impeachment of the attorney general for fraudulent handling of German assets seized after World War I
D) was his fathering a child out of wedlock
E) involved the leasing of government-owned oil deposits to private companies

Question 29

The tariff policy of the early 1920s:

A) made it easier for other nations to sell to the United States
B) made it harder for other nations to sell to the United States
C) made it easier for other nations to repay their war debts
D) led Americans to cut back on loans and investments abroad
E) had virtually no effect on the average American but significantly limited businesses

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT true about Robert La Follette's 1924 presidential campaign?

A) It was supported by the Socialists and organized labor.
B) It resulted in one of the best third-party showings in history.
C) He was the candidate for the Progressive party.
D) He tried to unite the fractured Democratic party.
E) The only state he carried was his native Wisconsin.

Question 31

The progressive coalition that elected Woodrow Wilson president dissolved by 1920 for all the following reasons EXCEPT:

A) many of the progressive reforms still seemed unattainable
B) intellectuals became disillusioned because of the anti-evolution movement
C) intellectuals became disillusioned with grassroots democracy's popular support for the Ku Klux Klan
D) the middle class became more interested with restoring a "new era" of prosperity based on mass production and mass consumption
E) Prohibition was unpopular

Question 32

Which of the members of Harding's cabinet was jailed for his role in the Teapot Dome scandal?

A) Charles Evans Hughes
B) Andrew Mellon
C) Henry Wallace
D) Calvin Coolidge
E) Albert Fall

Question 33

In his 1920 campaign for president, Warren Harding said the country needed a return to:

A) energetic government
B) patriotism
C) normalcy
D) experimentation
E) progressivism

Question 34

The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 created:

A) chaos in the federal budget process
B) a rift within the Democratic party concerning the budget
C) an end to states budgets
D) a tax to rewrite the budget process
E) a new Bureau of the Budget to streamline the process of preparing an annual federal budget

Question 35

John W. Davis:

A) was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1924
B) invented the radio
C) starred in The Jazz Singer
D) was the first head of the Federal Communications Commission
E) was one of the first great liberal Democrats

Question 36

Coolidge's administration was marked by:

A) a continuation of the post-World War I economic slump
B) continued tax breaks for the lower and middle classes at the expense of the upper class
C) prosperity
D) the creation of the Internal Revenue and Tariff Commission, which drastically reformed taxation formulas and duty lists
E) a slow economic downturn

Question 37

The result in the presidential election of 1920 might be attributed to:

A) the smear campaign directed against Democratic candidate A. Mitchell Palmer
B) the fact that Americans in the 1920s were "tired of issues, sick at heart of ideals, and weary of being noble"
C) southerners who expressed their displeasure at President Wilson's policies by voting Republican
D) the lack of African American voters in the election
E) the lack of women voters in the election

Question 38

The "Ohio gang":

A) rivaled Charlie Chaplin in box office receipts in the 1920s
B) directed Herbert Hoover's rise to the presidency
C) was a group of angry young men in a short story by Sinclair Lewis about the consumer culture
D) hosted the first national radio program
E) was a group of President Harding's friends who were named to political office

Question 39

Despite the many well-founded criticisms of Warren Harding as president, he was a visionary for his era in the field of:

A) civil rights
B) economic development
C) government oversight
D) business regulation
E) bank development

Question 40

As secretary of commerce, Herbert Hoover:

A) endorsed strict laissez-faire policies to allow businesses to govern themselves
B) supported the trade-association movement
C) pushed for stricter regulation of big business in order to protect individual Americans
D) spent most of his time preparing for a run at the presidency
E) supported trust-busting legislation and Justice Department lawsuits

Question 41

In the 1920s, labor unions:

A) won a number of important victories in the Supreme Court
B) gained about 1.5 million members
C) lost about 1.5 million members
D) were helped by the prosperity of the decade
E) enjoyed the support of Republican presidents

Question 42

In the 1928 presidential election, the Democrats nominated:

A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
B) Herbert Hoover
C) Rex Tugwell
D) Al Smith
E) Harry Truman

Question 43

How many people were out of work in early 1933?

A) 13,000
B) 130,000
C) 1.3 million
D) 13 million
E) 1.3 billion

Question 44

Who created the Federal Radio Commission:

A) Herbert Hoover
B) Robert La Follette
C) Warren Harding
D) Calvin Coolidge
E) John Rockefeller

Question 45

In "yellow-dog" contracts, employers:

A) agreed to submit all grievances to an arbitration panel whose decision was binding
B) forced workers to agree to stay out of unions
C) agreed to hire only union workers
D) forced workers to sign a statement that they would vote the Democratic ticket
E) agreed to automatic wage increases in return for the workers' promise not to strike

Question 46

The McNary-Haugen bill:

A) called for surplus crops to be sold on the world market in order to raise domestic prices
B) failed to pass Congress in 1922 but passed in 1927 with the support of President Coolidge
C) effectively raised domestic commodity prices
D) was viewed with derision by American farmers
E) ushered in a new golden age of American agriculture

Question 47

Of all the causes of the stock market crash of October 1929, the greatest culprit was:

A) Hoover's tax policies
B) the weak foundation of the 1920s economy
C) international monetary policy
D) unethical practices on Wall Street
E) union influences on business

Question 48

In 1926, one warning sign for the economy surfaced when a real estate boom collapsed in:

A) California
B) Florida
C) Texas
D) Colorado
E) France

Question 49

As secretary of commerce under Coolidge, Herbert Hoover's prioritywas the trade-association movement, about which all of the following are true EXCEPT that it:

A) gave business leaders an opportunity to share information
B) allowed businessmen to more accurately foresee developments
C) allowed for price fixing among companies
D) was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1925
E) successfully blocked all monopolistic practices

Question 50

Calvin Coolidge derisively called President Hoover:

A) "the best president money could buy"
B) "a fool"
C) "the best president in modern times"
D) "a decent and honorable person"
E) "Wonder Boy"

Question 51

Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Depression?

A) The gold standard caused a tightening of currency supplies worldwide.
B) Corporate structures had been bloated by the success of the 1920s but were unprepared for the tightening of the economy.
C) Mellon's business-friendly tax policies enticed the rich into more frenzied stock market speculation.
D) Much of the profits that had been taken during the 1920s had been put back into companies rather than saved or invested in other ways.
E) As consumer spending declined, the rate of investment in new factories and businesses also plummeted.

Question 52

Hoover's early efforts to end the Depression included:

A) cutbacks in public works, to shore up the public treasury
B) a stricter credit policy by the Federal Reserve, to stop the flow of "easy money" available for speculation
C) an increase in aid to farmers, to allow them to produce more
D) asking businessmen to maintain wages and avoid layoffs, in order to keep purchasing power strong
E) extending federal loans to individuals

Question 53

"Yellow-dog" contracts:

A) were used by employers to restrict union membership
B) required membership in a labor union in order to work in certain trades
C) enforced the idea of an open shop
D) restricted the ability of a company to control its workers
E) increased union membership by millions

Question 54

At the end of 1928, President-elect Herbert Hoover sought to demonstrate his activist bent by:

A) calling for term limits on the office of the president
B) asking Congress to pay World War I veterans their bonuses
C) calling for Alaska's statehood
D) touring ten Latin American nations
E) stating he would attack Cuba

Question 55

Democratic presidential nominee Al Smith was hurt in 1928 by the fact that he was:

A) a New Yorker and a Catholic
B) a boring public speaker
C) a member of the Ku Klux Klan
D) a supporter of Prohibition
E) an actor

Question 56

In the 1920s, farm prices:

A) were subsidized by the federal government
B) stayed at their high wartime levels
C) stayed at their low wartime levels
D) fell sharply
E) rose sharply

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT true of the McNary-Haugen plan?

A) It drew the rural South and West together in defense of agriculture.
B) It was passed by both houses of Congress but vetoed by President Coolidge.
C) It promised crops would be sold on the world market in order to raise domestic prices.
D) It was supported by Coolidge as a way to empower farmers.
E) It was intended to raise domestic farm prices.

Question 58

Part of the reason for the stock market crash was:

A) the high rate of deflation in the 1920s
B) the tax policies of the 1920s that hurt the wealthy, who might otherwise have bought more stocks
C) the buying of great amounts of stock on margin
D) the low tariff, which allowed imports to corner several important American markets
E) the remarkably poor returns on government bonds in 1929

Question 59

In response to the Bonus Army marchers, Herbert Hoover:

A) got Congress to approve immediate payment of their bonuses
B) put them to work building schools and roads
C) sent the U.S. Army to evict them
D) promised them that prosperity was just around the corner
E) met with them personally at the White House to hear their concerns

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT true of the "American plan" concept of employment?

A) It originated in Chicago.
B) It allowed employers to hire nonunion workers.
C) It established open shops.
D) It could be effectively used to discriminate against unions.
E) It promised a more democratic work environment than most other shops.

Question 61

The Emergency Relief Act:

A) gave direct aid to individuals suffering during the Depression
B) refused to allow any state to give aid
C) was passed only after the vice president broke a tie in the Senate
D) avoided a direct dole to individuals
E) provided state but not local aid

Question 62

How might the decade of the 1920s be called "the decade of prosperity"?

Question 63

What had the progressivism of the prewar period turned into by the 1920s? What factors led to this transformation?

Question 64

The "Bonus Expeditionary Force":

A) consisted of angry farmers who sometimes acted outside the law to prevent the foreclosure of mortgages on their farms
B) toured the country to create support for the Communist party
C) marched on Washington in an attempt to get immediate payment of a veterans' bonus that Congress had approved in 1924
D) was a special division within the army created to help local authorities deal with disturbances
E) marched in protest of large dividends being paid to the wealthy by the federal government

Question 65

Describe the setbacks that unions in the United States experienced during the 1920s.

Question 66

Just before his election to the presidency in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was serving as:

A) secretary of state
B) vice president
C) governor of New York
D) national chairman of the Democratic party
E) a professor at West Point

Question 67

Who were the "Ohio gang," and how did they impact the presidency of Warren
G. Harding?

Question 68

What did Warren
G. Harding mean by "normalcy"? Is that a good term to describe the 1920s?

Question 69

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation:

A) was created over Hoover's veto
B) did little to prevent bankruptcies
C) was criticized for its alleged favoritism to farmers and workers
D) was an initiative of Franklin Roosevelt as governor of New York
E) offered emergency loans to banks, life-insurance companies, and railroads

Question 70

In the presidential election of 1932:

A) radical Socialist and Communist party candidates won nearly 1 million votes
B) FDR's training as vice president under Herbert Hoover helped him win the Democratic nomination
C) Republican Alfred Landon won the electoral votes of only six states
D) FDR promised to continue the economic policies of Herbert Hoover
E) FDR lost the popular vote but won the electoral college

Question 71

Describe Herbert Hoover's attempts at recovery in the first three years of the Depression. Which of his policies were effective? What more might he have done?

Question 72

Trace the rise of Calvin Coolidge to the presidency of the United States.

Question 73

In November 1930:

A) Herbert Hoover was soundly defeated by Franklin D. Roosevelt
B) Herbert Hoover won a second term as president, but by a very small margin
C) Republicans won a majority in the House of Representatives
D) Democrats won a majority in the House of Representatives
E) the House of Representatives, Senate, and presidency remained in the hands of the incumbent parties

Question 74

In 1931, just as economic indicators were beginning to rise:

A) New York's Chase Manhattan Bank closed, increasing investors' panic and setting off runs on other banks
B) Austria's largest bank closed, triggering a panic that swept through Europe and caused European investors to withdraw their American gold and dump their American securities
C) a drought in the Midwest caused crop failures that raised food prices and increased panic
D) the tax increase of 1928 took effect, suddenly lessening the purchasing power of the average consumer
E) the stock market crashed again, this time with even more force than the 1929 collapse

Question 75

Franklin D. Roosevelt:

A) was permanently disabled after contracting polio
B) was twice elected governor of Georgia
C) was born into a family of sharecroppers
D) supported the continuation of Prohibition
E) was a graduate of the Naval Academy

Question 76

Whose campaign song was "Happy Days Are Here Again"?

A) Al Smith
B) Herbert Hoover
C) Franklin D. Roosevelt
D) Eugene Debs
E) Theodore Roosevelt

Question 77

Discuss how corruption during the Harding administration got so widespread. Survey the various scandals and show the effects they had on the administration.

Question 78

Discuss the various causes of the stock market crash, paying particular attention to government policies that helped bring on the crash.

Question 79

How did farmers and veterans react to the Hoover administration's response to the Great Depression?

Question 80

Herbert Hoover, while attempting to shore up the economy through economic policy, considered to be the thing Americans needed most at the time.

A) cash
B) food
C) welfare
D) confidence
E) private investment