Deck 12: Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood

Question 1

Which of the following is true of the preferences of adults regarding the attachment styles of their partners?

A) Securely attached adults show a preference for individuals with an anxious attachment style.
B) Individuals with an anxious attachment style mostly seem to prefer a partner with an anxious attachment style.
C) Adults prefer to have an avoidant adult as a partner.
D) Adults prefer having a securely attached partner.

Answer 1

Adults prefer having a securely attached partner.

Question 2

_____ infants are defined as those who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment.

A) Securely detached
B) Avoidant
C) Insecurely attached
D) Securely attached

Answer 2

Securely attached

Question 3

Which of the following attachment styles is characterized by more satisfaction in close relationships?

A) Secure attachment style
B) Avoidant attachment style
C) Anxious attachment style
D) Disorganized attachment style

Answer 3

Secure attachment style

Question 4

_____ adults describe themselves as securely attached.

A) The majority of
B) Less than half of
C) Very few
D) About a quarter of

Question 5

If researchers measure an individual's self-concept at ages 10, 20, 30, and 40 years, where are they likely to find the most stability?

A) When measured at the age of 10 and then again at the age of 30
B) When measured at the age of 20 and then again at the age of 30
C) When measured at the age of 20 and then again at the age of 40
D) When measured at the age of 10 and then again at the age of 40

Question 6

Secure attachment to parents during childhood correlates with:

A) higher academic achievement in college.
B) stronger sibling relationships in adulthood.
C) secure attachment to romantic partners in adulthood.
D) an easy temperament in adulthood.

Question 7

A national survey indicated that _____ in adults was associated with the development of disease and chronic illness, especially cardiovascular system problems such as high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke.

A) secure attachment
B) easy temperament
C) insecure attachment
D) assertive personality

Question 8

On a questionnaire, Alicia described herself thus: "I find it relatively easy to get close to others and I am comfortable depending on them and having them depend on me. I don't worry about being abandoned or about someone getting too close to me." Alicia seems to have a(n):

A) avoidant attachment style.
B) secure attachment style.
C) anxious attachment style.
D) gregarious attachment style

Question 9

Securely attached adults:

A) are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships, but are committed once they are in one.
B) demand closeness in relationships and are more emotional.
C) are less likely than others to have one-night stands.
D) tend to distance themselves from their partner.

Question 10

_____ adults have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned with or stressed out about their romantic relationships.

A) Securely attached
B) Attachment-anxious
C) Attachment-avoidant
D) Securely detached

Question 11

Recent studies confirmed that _____ individuals showed strong ambivalence toward a romantic partner.

A) attachment-anxious
B) securely attached
C) attachment-avoidant
D) attachment-disorganized

Question 12

In a longitudinal study, infants who were securely attached at age _____ were securely attached _____ years later in their adult romantic relationships.

A) 1; 20
B) 4; 40
C) 2; 30
D) 1; 60

Question 13

Which of the following appears during infancy and plays an important part in socioemotional development?

A) Attitude
B) Temper
C) Disposition
D) Attachment

Question 14

Research indicates that links between early attachment styles and later attachment styles were _____ by stressful and disruptive experiences.

A) not impacted by
B) lessened
C) facilitated
D) enhanced

Question 15

Which of the following attachment styles is more likely to be characterized by trust, commitment, and longevity?

A) Disorganized attachment style
B) Avoidant attachment style
C) Anxious attachment style
D) Secure attachment style

Question 16

_____ individuals are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and once in a relationship tend to distance themselves from their partner.

A) Disorganized
B) Anxious
C) Securely attached
D) Avoidant

Question 17

In her meeting with a counselor, Dalton revealed that he was uncomfortable being close to others. He finds it difficult to trust people completely and doesn't allow himself to depend completely on them. He gets nervous if someone tries to get too intimate with him. It seems likely that Dalton has a(n) _____ attachment style.

A) secure
B) anxious
C) conflicted
D) avoidant

Question 18

Individuals with an anxious attachment style:

A) are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships, but are committed once they are in one.
B) demand closeness in relationships and are more emotional.
C) are less likely than others to have one-night stands.
D) tend to distance themselves from their partner.

Question 19

Rose's ex-boyfriend, Peter, describes her as clingy and dependent. During their relationship, she always wanted to be told that she was loved and wanted to rush into marriage. She also kept tabs on Peter and was jealous of all his female friends and colleagues. Rose seems to have a(n) _____ attachment style.

A) secure
B) anxious
C) conflicted
D) avoidant

Question 20

Amy is not overly stressed out about her relationship with her boyfriend Danny. She trusts him and is sure that if there are any problems, they can talk it through and come to an understanding. Which of the following best describes Amy's attachment style?

A) Disorganized attachment style
B) Anxious attachment style
C) Avoidant attachment style
D) Secure attachment style

Question 21

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages is the most important issue to be negotiated in adolescence?

A) Identity versus identity confusion
B) Industry versus Inferiority
C) Intimacy versus isolation
D) Autonomy versus shame

Question 22

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages occurs during early adulthood, after individuals are well on their way to establishing stable and successful identities?

A) Identity versus identity confusion
B) Generativity versus stagnation
C) Integrity versus despair
D) Intimacy versus isolation

Question 23

A meta-analysis revealed a positive link between _____ and intimacy, with the connection being stronger for men than women.

A) identity development
B) insecure attachment
C) postformal thought
D) postconventional reasoning

Question 24

Which of the following statements about romantic love is true?

A) Males show lower anxiety about romantic love than females.
B) Females show higher avoidance of romantic love than males.
C) Males show higher anxiety about romantic love than females.
D) Males and females show the same level of avoidance and anxiety about romantic love.

Question 25

Female friendships involve more _____ than male friendships.

A) competition
B) outdoor activities
C) self-disclosure
D) sharing of useful information

Question 26

Women's friendships tend to be characterized not only by _____ but also by _____.

A) talk; silence
B) competition; camaraderie
C) depth; breadth
D) intimacy; rivalry

Question 27

Which of the following is another name for romantic love?

A) Passionate love
B) Affectionate love
C) Companionate love
D) Consummate love

Question 28

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is a precursor to intimacy in romantic relationships during emerging adulthood?

A) Identity development in adolescence
B) Insecure attachment in childhood
C) Postconventional reasoning in childhood
D) Postformal thought in adulthood

Question 29

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is the sixth developmental stage?

A) Intimacy versus isolation
B) Identity versus identity confusion
C) Autonomy versus shame and doubt
D) Integrity versus despair

Question 30

Self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts are hallmarks of _____.

A) rivalry
B) competition
C) intimacy
D) temperament

Question 31

According to Erik Erikson, if individuals do not develop intimacy, they face:

A) low self-esteem.
B) insecure attachment.
C) narcissism.
D) isolation.

Question 32

A recent study revealed that in their early twenties, women showed more _____ with their closest friend than did men.

A) emotional intimacy
B) rivalry
C) competition
D) physical intimacy

Question 33

Development in early adulthood involves a balance of:

A) autonomy and freedom on the one hand with shame and doubt on the other.
B) passion and trust.
C) interconnection, independence, and negotiation.
D) intimacy and commitment on the one hand with independence and freedom on the other.

Question 34

Juggling the competing demands of intimacy, identity, and independence becomes a central task of _____.

A) childhood
B) adolescence
C) parenthood
D) adulthood

Question 35

Erikson describes _____ as finding oneself while losing oneself in another person, and it requires a commitment to another person.

A) friendship
B) intimacy
C) attachment
D) temperament

Question 36

According to recent studies, which of the following individuals showed lower levels of depressive symptoms?

A) Attachment-anxious adults
B) Attachment-secure adults
C) Attachment-avoidant adults
D) Attachment-repellant adults

Question 37

Individuals with a(n) _____ attachment style were less resistant to the temptations of infidelity, which was linked to their lower level of relationship commitment.

A) disorganized
B) anxious
C) secure
D) avoidant

Question 38

According to recent studies, which of the following adults had higher level of sexual satisfaction?

A) Attachment-secure adults
B) Attachment-avoidant adults
C) Attachment-anxious adults
D) Attachment-disorganized adults

Question 39

_____ love is also called eros.

A) Companionate
B) Affectionate
C) Romantic
D) Consummate

Question 40

_____ love has strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and it often predominates in the early part of a love relationship.

A) Companionate
B) Affectionate
C) Consummate
D) Romantic

Question 41

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, love is characterized by the dimensions of:

A) role-exchanges, exclusivity, and commitment.
B) shared activities, self-disclosure, and commitment.
C) passion, commitment, and intimacy.
D) transference, companionship, and self-disclosure.

Question 42

According to Ellen Berscheid, the most important ingredient of romantic love is:

A) friendship.
B) sexual desire.
C) long-term commitment.
D) spontaneity in behavior.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a component of Sternberg's triangular theory of love?

A) passion
B) exchange
C) commitment
D) intimacy

Question 44

In Sternberg's view, an affair or a fling in which there is little intimacy and even less commitment is an example of _____.

A) infatuation
B) consummation
C) fatuous love
D) companionate love

Question 45

According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, _____ is the cognitive appraisal of the relationship and the intent to maintain the relationship even in the face of problems.

A) commitment
B) intimacy
C) attachment
D) passion

Question 46

Bob worships his colleague Anne. He loves her from afar but there is no intimacy or closeness between them. Sternberg would characterize this as _____ love.

A) consummate
B) fatuous
C) affectionate
D) passionate

Question 47

The early stages of love have more _____ love ingredients.

A) romantic
B) companionate
C) passionate
D) consummate

Question 48

_____ love is the type of love that occurs when someone desires to have the other person near and has a deep, caring affection for the person.

A) Passionate
B) Fatuous
C) Companionate
D) Romantic

Question 49

According to Robert J. Sternberg, which of the following best describes the love in a relationship where passion is the only ingredient, and intimacy and commitment are low?

A) Fatuous love
B) Consummation
C) Infatuation
D) Companionate love

Question 50

According to Robert J. Sternberg, which of the following is the strongest and fullest form of love?

A) Passionate love
B) Fatuous love
C) Affectionate love
D) Consummate love

Question 51

According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, _____ relates to the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship.

A) attachment
B) intimacy
C) commitment
D) passion

Question 52

When all three dimensions of Sternberg's triarchic theory of love are present in a relationship, what type of love are people experiencing?

A) Affectionate love
B) Consummate love
C) Fatuous love
D) Passionate love

Question 53

Julie describes how she feels about Mark: "I'm very physically attracted to him, but we aren't what you would call emotionally close. I love being with him, but I don't know that this will be a long-lasting relationship." According to Robert Sternberg's theory of love, which type of love is Julie experiencing?

A) Affectionate love
B) Infatuation
C) Consummate
D) Companionate love

Question 54

If passion and commitment are present but intimacy is not, Sternberg calls the relationship _____ love, as when one person worships another from a distance.

A) romantic
B) fatuous
C) affectionate
D) consummate

Question 55

A relationship marked by intimacy and commitment but low or lacking in passion is called _____, a pattern often found among couples who have been married for many years.

A) romantic love
B) consummate love
C) affectionate love
D) fatuous love

Question 56

Brenda and Jonathan have been married for 15 years. When Brenda develops a potentially fatal lung disease, Jonathan retires in order to care for Brenda. This shows that Brenda and Jonathan's relationship has a high level of _____.

A) infatuation
B) commitment
C) fatuous love
D) passion

Question 57

According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, _____ involves physical and sexual attraction to another.

A) attachment
B) commitment
C) intimacy
D) passion

Question 58

_____ love is also called companionate love.

A) Passionate
B) Affectionate
C) Consummate
D) Romantic

Question 59

Penelope is describing her marriage of 15 years: "My husband and I were eating breakfast the other day. Neither of us was talking, both of us just reading and thinking our own thoughts. But it was a very comfortable, companionable silence, and I love it!" What aspect of their relationship does this illustrate?

A) Passion
B) Infatuation
C) Romantic love
D) Affectionate love

Question 60

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, consummate love is characterized by:

A) passion, intimacy, and commitment.
B) romance, shared disclosure, and sexual desire.
C) commitment and exclusiveness.
D) eroticism and companionship.

Question 61

Lesbian couples especially place a high priority on:

A) having a large number of sexual partners.
B) maintaining a dynamic where one partner is masculine and the other is feminine.
C) equality in their relationships.
D) maintaining an open relationship that allows for the possibility of sex outside the relationship.

Question 62

One of the benefits of a good marriage is:

A) increased longevity.
B) more financial security.
C) an improved gender identity.
D) improved social relations.

Question 63

In 2010, by 40 years of age, _____ percent of individuals had ever been married.

A) 35
B) 40
C) 77
D) 50

Question 64

According to the Pew Research Center, in 2011 the U.S. average age for first marriage:

A) was higher for women than men.
B) was higher than at any other point in history.
C) declined to an all-time low.
D) was the same as it was in 1980.

Question 65

All of the following are myths about gay and lesbian couples EXCEPT:

A) they have a large number of sexual partners.
B) they do not have long-term relationships.
C) one partner assumes a masculine role, and one partner assumes a feminine role.
D) they prefer long-term, committed relationships.

Question 66

Approximately 50 percent of adults remarry within _____ years after their divorce.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 67

There has been _____ in the number of cohabiting U.S. couples since 1970.

A) a dramatic increase
B) little change
C) a small decline
D) a significant decline

Question 68

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married is known as _____.

A) consensual validation
B) attachment
C) coparenting
D) cohabitation

Question 69

Both divorced women and divorced men complain of all of the following EXCEPT:

A) diminished self-esteem.
B) lowered sexual gratification.
C) anxiety about the unknowns in their lives.
D) difficulty in forming satisfactory new intimate relationships.

Question 70

In which country is cohabitation virtually universal before marriage?

A) France
B) Sweden
C) United States
D) Kenya

Question 71

With regard to the timing of remarriage, in the United States:

A) men tend to remarry sooner than women do.
B) women tend to remarry sooner than men do.
C) men with lower incomes are more likely to remarry than their counterparts who have high incomes.
D) men and women have an equal likelihood of remarrying.

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT one of John Gottman's seven main principles that determine whether a marriage will work?

A) Overcoming gridlock
B) Solving perpetual conflicts
C) Letting your partner influence you
D) Creating shared meaning

Question 73

Most divorces occur in the _____ year of marriage.

A) first to third
B) second to fifth
C) fifth to tenth
D) tenth to twelfth

Question 74

Since the early 1900s, the goal of maintaining a stable marriage has:

A) become even more important than ever.
B) decreased in its level of relative importance.
C) replaced self-fulfillment as the most important life goal.
D) been replaced by self-fulfillment as the most important life goal.

Question 75

Data from 2009 indicate that in the U.S. for the first time in history:

A) adults began to cohabit instead of entering into marriages.
B) the proportion of individuals 25 to 34 years of age who have never been married exceeded those who were married.
C) the percentage of cohabiting adults began to decline.
D) the proportion of individuals 25 to 34 years of age who are or have been married exceeded those who have never been never married.

Question 76

Which of the following statements about cohabiting arrangements in the U.S. is true?

A) Most cohabiting couples want the official aspects of marriage.
B) Cohabiting arrangements are declining steadily.
C) Fewer than 1 out of 10 such arrangements lasts five years.
D) Most of these arrangements are very long-lasting.

Question 77

In 2010, _____ of Americans were married.

A) 60 percent
B) 65 percent
C) 80 percent
D) 51 percent

Question 78

Recent research suggests that:

A) cohabiting before marriage increases marital satisfaction.
B) cohabiting before marriage increases the likelihood of divorce.
C) cohabiting couples have less difficulty owning property jointly.
D) cohabiting couples face less disapproval from parents and other family members.

Question 79

Currently the average duration of marriage in the United States is just over _____ years.

A) 5
B) 9
C) 15
D) 23

Question 80

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with an increase in divorce?

A) Marrying late in life
B) Having a baby prior to marriage
C) Low education levels
D) Low income