Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

Mark Bauerlein,author of The Dumbest Generation,asserts that adolescents today are

A)reading books at a slightly lower rate than those of their parents' generation.
B)more interested in information retrieval than information formation.
C)playing fewer video games than younger children.
D)becoming more interested in current events.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What did Aristotle see as the hallmark of maturity?

A)self-determination
B)empathy
C)self-efficacy
D)critical thinking

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Today's adolescents are more _____ than their counterparts of previous generations.

A)diverse
B)tolerant
C)open-minded
D)All of these choices are correct

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Kevin and Kelly give their 15-year-old son,Samuel,options and help him to make choices in his life.William Damon would say that Samuel's parents are

A)overly involved in his life.
B)helping their son to think about his life's purpose.
C)pampering him.
D)giving him too much responsibility for his age.

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding Laurence Steinberg's position on the state of adolescent well-being in today's generation is NOT TRUE?

A)The academic achievement in math and science among U.S.teens falls well below the academic achievement of teensin many other countries.
B)A fairly large number of today's teenage girls become pregnant by the age of 20.
C)Rates of first sexual intercourse prior to age 18 has risen dramatically over the past several years.
D)College graduation rates among U.S.college students falls below the college graduation rates among college students in other countries.

Question 6

Anthropologist Margaret Mead concluded that the basic nature of adolescence is

A)biological.
B)psychological.
C)sociocultural.
D)cognitive.

Question 7

The "storm and stress" view of adolescence sees adolescence as a time of

A)turbulence.
B)conflict.
C)mood swings.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 8

Mead believed that cultures in which adolescents' experiences are quite different from adults' experiences produce adolescents who

A)experience more stress.
B)experience less stress.
C)develop empathy at early ages.
D)develop empathy later in life.

Question 9

Rousseau believed that curiosity should be especially encouraged in the education of

A)6- to 8-year-old children.
B)8- to 11-year-old children.
C)12- to 15-year-old children.
D)17- to 19-year-old children.

Question 10

Mary tells her husband that she is not looking forward to the time their son becomes an adolescent,because she has read that it is a time of great conflict and stress for the family.Which of the following theorists would agree with Mary's view of adolescence?

A)Carl Jung
B)Carol Gilligan
C)Anna Freud
D)
G)Stanley Hall

Question 11

Plato thought that adolescents should study

A)science.
B)language.
C)music.
D)history.

Question 12

Marty,age 16,spends most of his leisure time text messaging his friends and watching YouTube.According to Mark Bauerlein,Marty's behavior is

A)atypical of someone of his age.
B)typical of someone of his age.
C)classic for someone with impaired social skills.
D)a sign of rebellion against his parents' rules.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about stereotypes is NOT true?

A)There are very few stereotypes related to adolescents.
B)Stereotypes are difficult to give up once assigned.
C)Stereotypes are generalizations about a broad category of people.
D)Stereotypes describe a typical member of a specific group.

Question 14

Which of the following historical events changed both the description and the study of adolescents?

A)the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s
B)the women's movement of the 1970s
C)the antiwar protests of the 1960s
D)the Great Depression of the 1930s

Question 15

Every state had developed special laws for youth between the ages of 16 and 18-20 by which year?

A)1920
B)1930
C)1940
D)1950

Question 16

The "storm and stress" view of adolescence was postulated by

A)Jean Rousseau.
B)Alfred Adler.
C)
D)Margaret Mead.
G)Stanley Hall.

Question 17

Plato thought children should study

A)science.
B)music.
C)art.
D)mathematics.

Question 18

According to Plato,reasoning first appears during

A)early childhood.
B)middle childhood.
C)adolescence.
D)young adulthood.

Question 19

Which ability did Aristotle argue is the most important aspect of adolescence?

A)the ability to reason
B)the ability to think critically
C)the ability to debate
D)the ability to choose

Question 20

Ms.Bowen encourages her students,ages 12-15,to engage their curiosity in their learning.This teacher's ideas most closely resemble those of

A)Sigmund Freud.
B)Aristotle.
C)Hall.
D)Rousseau.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a trend related to families around the world?

A)migration to rural areas
B)smaller families
C)increase in mothers' employment
D)greater family mobility

Question 22

Howard is a manager of a fast-food restaurant that employs many adolescents.Howard tells his wife,"They are all self-centered mopes who have no work ethic!" Howard's statement about adolescents is

A)a prototype.
B)an exaggeration.
C)a stereotype.
D)a sign that he needs counseling.

Question 23

Dr.Reyes studies hormonal changes of puberty.Which process of human development does Dr.Reyes study?

A)socioemotional
B)cognitive
C)biological
D)psychological

Question 24

What do studies show about gender differences?

A)They appear to be expanding over time.
B)Males have more educational opportunities than females.
C)Gender differences are similar in all countries.
D)Sexual restrictions are more common for females than for males.

Question 25

The fastest-growing ethnic group of adolescents in the United States is

A)European-Americans.
B)Asians.
C)Latinos.
D)African Americans.

Question 26

In the United States and most other cultures,adolescence begins at approximately _____ years of age.

A)9-12
B)11-14
C)10-13
D)12-15

Question 27

Research has shown that children living in poverty have elevated levels of

A)blood glucose.
B)stress.
C)anger.
D)growth hormones.

Question 28

Which of the following is true about adolescents' peers?

A)Peers figure prominently in the lives of adolescents in most Western nations.
B)Peers can serve as surrogate families for some street youth.
C)Peers have a limited role for girls in Arab cultures.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 29

The developmental period of childhood includes all of the following periods EXCEPT

A)prenatal.
B)perinatal.
C)infancy.
D)early childhood.

Question 30

Daniel Offer and his colleagues discovered that most adolescents have

A)a negative self-image.
B)negative attitudes towards their schools.
C)a positive self-image.
D)an ambiguous self-image.

Question 31

The term "adolescent generation gap" refers to

A)differences in decision-making skills between adolescents and older adults.
B)generalizations based on information about a limited group of adolescents.
C)technological skill differences between adolescents and grade school children.
D)differences in social abilities between younger and older adolescents.

Question 32

Which of the following is associated with the developmental period of early childhood?

A)beginning of symbolic thought
B)school readiness
C)extreme dependence on adults
D)beginning of sensorimotor skills

Question 33

Which of the following statements about adolescent health and well-being is TRUE?

A)Adolescent health and well-being have improved in all areas.
B)More adolescents around the world die of malnutrition today than at any time in the past.
C)More adolescents around the world die of infectious diseases today than at any time in the past.
D)Rates of HIV infection among adolescents are increasing in sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 34

Which of the following factors influence the developmental trajectory of every adolescent?

A)socioeconomic
B)ethnic
C)lifestyle
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 35

Development

A)involves growth.
B)is complex.
C)continues through the lifespan.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 36

Julie,age 15,has dyed her hair purple and will only wear black jeans and white tops.Julie's parents should know that,according to adolescent psychologists

A)Julie is showing signs of a conduct disorder.
B)Julie needs counseling for her hostility issues.
C)Julie is testing boundaries and discovering her identity.
D)Julie needs more parental control over her behavior.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a biological process?

A)advances in motor skills
B)development of the brain
C)weight gains
D)changes in personality

Question 38

The settings in which development occurs are known as

A)arenas.
B)compounds.
C)cohorts.
D)context.

Question 39

Sherry's community college has partnerships with the local hospital,the library,and the Boys' and Girls' Club to encourage students to engage in cooperative learning experiences and build strong community relationships.This is an example of what Peter Benson and his colleagues would call a

A)developmentally attentive youth policy.
B)community-enhancing initiative.
C)cross-generational policy.
D)socially enhancing planned model.

Question 40

A key task of adolescence is

A)refining sensorimotor coordination.
B)development of an understanding of one's culture.
C)mastery of language skills.
D)preparation for adulthood.

Question 41

According to Jeffrey Arnett,emerging adulthood is characterized by five key factors.Which of the following is NOT one of these features?

A)stability
B)identity exploration
C)feeling in-between
D)self-focus

Question 42

Jeffrey Arnett saw emerging adulthood as a time when many individuals are

A)secure in their adult status.
B)absorbed in social obligations and family duties.
C)optimistic about their futures.
D)fairly stable in love and career.

Question 43

The pioneering theorist of psychoanalytical theory was

A)Carl Jung.
B)Erik Erikson.
C)Karen Horney.
D)Sigmund Freud.

Question 44

Alex has begun dating and he is interested in taking a course called "Career Exploration" that will help him decide on a future career.Alex is probably in which period?

A)early adolescence
B)late adolescence
C)late childhood
D)early adulthood

Question 45

The developmental period when people are interested in transmitting their values to the next generation is

A)emerging adulthood.
B)middle adulthood.
C)late adulthood.
D)early adulthood.

Question 46

Developmentalists who emphasize the importance of nature in development describe development as

A)a series of distinct stages.
B)a gradual,continuous process.
C)alternating periods of turbulence and calm.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 47

The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to by Jeffrey Arnett as

A)pre-adulthood.
B)post-adolescence.
C)transitional adulthood.
D)emerging adulthood.

Question 48

Ann Masten and her colleagues found that emerging adults who overcame adversity and went on to become competent adults had all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

A)they were well-traveled.
B)they were intelligent.
C)they had high-quality parenting.
D)they had a higher socioeconomic status.

Question 49

Carrie was abused by her parents.She was eventually removed from their care and was later adopted at age 6 by her foster parents.Which of the following doctrines would assert that Carrie's later quality of parental care can overcome her earlier negative experience?

A)early experiences
B)later experiences
C)middle experiences
D)positive experiences

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?

A)conceptualize a problem to be studied
B)collect data
C)analyze data
D)publish study results

Question 51

Which of the following events may be seen as a turning-point opportunity for changing the life course during emerging adulthood?

A)marriage
B)work opportunities
C)higher education
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 52

Scientific assertions and predictions that can be tested are

A)theories.
B)hypotheses.
C)independent variables.
D)extraneous variables.

Question 53

An interrelated,coherent set of ideas that helps to explain phenomenon and to make predictions is called

A)a hypothesis.
B)an operational definition.
C)a theory.
D)an independent variable.

Question 54

Which of the following would a proponent of the nature approach to human development cite as evidence of the strength of genetics?

A)the fact that we grow rapidly in infancy
B)the fact that development is affected by nutritional status
C)the fact that development is shaped by the media
D)the fact that access to medical care affects development

Question 55

The transition from childhood to adolescence includes all of the following EXCEPT

A)biological changes of puberty.
B)increased egocentric ways.
C)desire to spend more time with family.
D)greater interest in romantic relationships.

Question 56

In the United States the most widely recognized marker for entry into adulthood is

A)graduation from high school.
B)graduation from college.
C)holding a permanent,full-time job.
D)getting married.

Question 57

The ability to adapt positively and achieve successful outcomes despite significant risks and adverse consequences is

A)hardiness.
B)resilience.
C)self-efficacy.
D)propriate striving.

Question 58

Paul spends much of his time working in his garden and reading books on photography.He doesn't have as much strength as he used to have,but he is enjoying his time of decreased responsibility.Developmental psychologists would say that Paul is probably in

A)emerging old age.
B)middle adulthood.
C)late adulthood.
D)terminal adulthood.

Question 59

Developmentalists who emphasize the importance of experience in development have described development a have described development as

A)a series of distinct stages.
B)a gradual,continuous process.
C)chaotic and unpredictable.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 60

Dr.Jackson argues that human beings have basic growth tendencies genetically wired into them.Dr.Albright believes that humans are basically shaped by their environments.Dr.Jackson supports the _____ approach to development,while Dr.Albright advocates for the _____ approach.

A)nurture;nature
B)nature;nurture
C)continuity;discontinuity
D)cognitive;biological

Question 61

Harper,age 19 months,has just begun to assert her independence.Harper is probably in Erikson's psychosocial stage of

A)identity versus role confusion.
B)trust versus mistrust.
C)autonomy versus shame and doubt.
D)industry versus inferiority.

Question 62

Denise argues that early experiences are more important;Barbara believes that both early and later experiences are important.Denise's view is consistent with _____,while Barbara's view would be supported by _____.

A)Blos;Erikson
B)Erikson;Freud
C)Freud;Erikson
D)Erikson;Blos

Question 63

For Piaget,the two processes that underlie cognitive construction of the world are

A)denial and distortion.
B)internalizing and externalizing.
C)organization and adaptation.
D)ordering and differentiating.

Question 64

According to Freud,the moral branch of the personality is the

A)ego.
B)id.
C)superego.
D)self.

Question 65

According to Erikson,the core developmental task of early adulthood is to develop

A)intimacy.
B)integrity.
C)identity.
D)initiative.

Question 66

Calaeb,age 3,is in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

A)sensorimotor
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational

Question 67

Psychoanalytic theories emphasize that development is all of the following EXCEPT

A)primarily related to observable behavior.
B)primarily unconscious.
C)heavily influenced by early experiences.
D)highly colored by emotions.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT one of Freud's psychosexual stages?

A)phallic
B)genital
C)oral
D)moral

Question 69

Edith,age 57,believes that she has done little to help nurture the next generation.According to Erikson,Edith has experienced _____ associated with the seventh stage of psychosocial development.

A)inferiority
B)role confusion
C)selfishness
D)stagnation

Question 70

Which of the following statements about Piaget's theory is NOT true?

A)Piaget believed that people go through six stages in understanding the word.
B)Piaget believed that people go through four stages in understanding the world.
C)Each of Piaget's stages is age related.
D)Each of Piaget's stages represents a different way of understanding the world.

Question 71

Peter Blos believed that regression during adolescence was

A)normal.
B)inevitable.
C)universal.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 72

Erikson believed that we develop in _____ stages.

A)psychosocial
B)psychosexual
C)psychodynamic
D)psychometric

Question 73

The negative outcome of Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development is

A)mistrust.
B)shame.
C)doubt.
D)inferiority.

Question 74

Which of the following is a structure in Freud's concept of personality?

A)the collective unconscious
B)the id
C)the self
D)the personal unconscious

Question 75

Cognitive theories emphasize

A)behaviors.
B)emotions.
C)conscious thoughts.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 76

According to Freud,_____ is the most powerful and pervasive defense mechanism.

A)reaction formation
B)denial
C)regression
D)repression

Question 77

Which of the following statements about defense mechanisms is TRUE?

A)Defense mechanisms are always unhealthy.
B)Defense mechanisms are unconscious.
C)Defense mechanisms are conscious.
D)Defense mechanisms are always helpful in avoiding reality.

Question 78

Erikson's _____ psychosocial stage is experienced in the first year of life.

A)autonomy versus shame and doubt
B)initiative versus guilt
C)generativity versus stagnation
D)trust versus mistrust

Question 79

The theorist who considered defense mechanisms to be key to understanding adolescent development was

A)Sigmund Freud.
B)Anna Freud.
C)Karen Horney.
D)Alfred Adler.

Question 80

According to Erikson,adolescents are in the psychosocial stage of

A)intimacy versus isolation.
B)identity versus role confusion.
C)initiative versus guilt.
D)industry versus inferiority.