Deck 2: One-Dimensional Kinematics

Question 1

An object thrown downward does not experience free fall.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A stone is thrown straight up. What is its acceleration at the highest point?

Answer 2

9.8 m/s² downward

Question 3

Which statement is correct about the relationship between the average speed and the magnitude of the average velocity for any motion?

A) The average speed is always one-half the magnitude of the average velocity.
B) The average speed is always greater than or equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.
C) The average speed can be less than, greater than or equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.
D) The average speed is always less than or equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.
E) The average speed is always equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.

Answer 3

The average speed is always greater than or equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.

Question 4

Two cars are traveling at the same speed and hit the brakes at the same time. One car has double the deceleration of the other. By what factor does the time required to stop that car compare with that for the other car?

Question 5

A stone is thrown straight up. What is its acceleration on the way down?

Question 6

Which statement below about the distance between the starting and ending positions and the displacement between the starting and ending positions is correct?

A) The distance between the starting and ending positions is twice the magnitude of the displacement between the starting and ending positions.
B) The distance between the starting and ending positions is equal to the magnitude of the displacement between the starting and ending positions.
C) The distance between the starting and ending positions is the negative of the magnitude of the displacement between the starting and ending positions.
D) The distance between the starting and ending positions is greater than the magnitude of the displacement between the starting and ending positions.
E) The distance between the starting and ending positions is less than the magnitude of the displacement between the starting and ending positions.

Question 7

Car A is traveling at twice the speed of car B. They both hit the brakes at the same time and undergo identical decelerations. How does the time required for car A to stop compare with that for car B?

Question 8

A stone is thrown straight up. What is its acceleration on the way up?

Question 9

An object thrown upward experiences free fall.

Question 10

When the velocity and acceleration of an object have the same sign, the speed of the object increases.

Question 11

An object is in free fall as soon as it is released, whether it is dropped from rest, thrown downward, or thrown upward.

Question 12

Two cars are traveling at the same speed and hit the brakes at the same time. One car has double the deceleration of the other. By what factor does the distance required to stop that car compare with that for the other car?

Question 13

It is possible to have a zero acceleration, and still be moving.

Question 14

When the velocity and acceleration of an object have opposite signs, the speed of the object increases.

Question 15

Free fall is the motion of an object subject only to the influence of gravity.

Question 16

The average velocity of a car traveling with a constant acceleration during a certain time interval is equal to the mean of the velocities at the beginning and end of that time interval.

Question 17

The slope of a line connecting two points on a position versus time graph gives

A) displacement.
B) instantaneous velocity.
C) average velocity.
D) instantaneous acceleration.
E) average acceleration.

Question 18

You drive 6.00 km at 50.0 km/h and then another 6.00 km at 90.0 km/h. Your average speed over the 12.0 km drive will be

A) greater than 70.0 km/h.
B) equal to 70.0 km/h.
C) less than 70.0 km/h.
D) exactly 38.0 km/h.
E) cannot be determined from the information given, must also know directions traveled

Question 19

Suppose that an object travels from one point in space to another. Make a comparison between the displacement and the distance traveled.

A) The displacement is either greater than or equal to the distance traveled.
B) The displacement is always equal to the distance traveled.
C) The displacement is either less than or equal to the distance traveled.
D) The displacement can be either greater than, smaller than, or equal to the distance traveled.
E) If the displacement is equal to zero, then the distance traveled will also equal zero.

Question 20

Car A is traveling at twice the speed of car B. They both hit the brakes at the same time and undergo identical decelerations. How does the distance required for car A to stop compare with that for car B?

Question 21

During the time that the acceleration of a particle is constant, its velocity-vs.-time curve is

A) a straight line.
B) a parabola opening downward.
C) a parabola opening upward.
D) a parabola opening toward the left.
E) a parabola opening toward the right.

Question 22

The slope of a line connecting two points on a velocity versus time graph gives

A) displacement.
B) instantaneous velocity.
C) average velocity.
D) instantaneous acceleration.
E) average acceleration.

Question 23

If the velocity versus time graph of an object is a straight line making an angle of 30 degrees with the time axis, the object is

A) moving with constant non-zero speed.
B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration.
C) at rest.
D) moving with infinite speed.
E) none of the above

Question 24

An object is moving with constant non-zero velocity in the +x-axis. The position versus time graph of this object is

A) a horizontal straight line.
B) a vertical straight line.
C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis.
D) a parabolic curve.
E) a hyperbolic curve.

Question 25

The slope of a tangent line at a given time value on a position versus time graph gives

A) displacement.
B) instantaneous velocity.
C) average velocity.
D) instantaneous acceleration.
E) average acceleration

Question 26

Which statement is correct about the relationship between the instantaneous speed and the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity?

A) The average speed can be less than, greater than or equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.
B) The instantaneous speed is always equal to the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity.
C) The average speed is always less than or equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.
D) The instantaneous speed is always greater than or equal to the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity.
E) The average speed is always one-half the magnitude of the average velocity.

Question 27

When is the average velocity of an object equal to the instantaneous velocity?

A) always
B) never
C) only when the velocity is constant
D) only when the velocity is increasing at a constant rate
E) only when the velocity is decreasing at a constant rate

Question 28

At a given instant, the acceleration of a certain particle is zero. This means that

A) the velocity is constant.
B) the velocity is increasing.
C) the velocity is decreasing.
D) the velocity is not changing at that instant.
E) the velocity is zero.

Question 29

An object is moving with constant non-zero acceleration in the +x-axis. The position versus time graph of this object is

A) a horizontal straight line.
B) a vertical straight line.
C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis.
D) a parabolic curve.
E) a hyperbolic curve.

Question 30

Suppose that a car traveling to the East (+x direction) begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Make a statement concerning its acceleration.

A) The car is decelerating, and its acceleration is positive.
B) The car is decelerating, and its acceleration is negative.
C) The acceleration is zero.
D) A statement cannot be made using the information given.

Question 31

An object is moving with constant non-zero acceleration in the +x-axis. The velocity versus time graph of this object is

A) a horizontal straight line.
B) a vertical straight line.
C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis.
D) a parabolic curve.
E) a hyperbolic curve.

Question 32

FIGURE 2-1
The motion of a particle is described in the velocity vs. time graph shown in Figure 2-1. We can say that its speed

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) increases and then decreases.
D) decreases and then increases.
E) remains constant.

Question 33

Suppose that a car traveling to the West (-x direction) begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Make a statement concerning its acceleration.

A) The car is decelerating, and its acceleration is positive.
B) The car is decelerating, and its acceleration is negative.
C) The acceleration is zero.
D) A statement cannot be made using the information given.

Question 34

Suppose that an object is moving with a constant velocity. Make a statement concerning its acceleration.

A) The acceleration must be constantly increasing.
B) The acceleration must be constantly decreasing.
C) The acceleration must be a constant non-zero value.
D) The acceleration must be equal to zero.
E) A statement cannot be made without additional information.

Question 35

The area under a curve in a velocity versus time graph gives

A) distance traveled.
B) displacement.
C) speed.
D) velocity.
E) acceleration.

Question 36

If the velocity versus time graph of an object is a horizontal line, the object is

A) moving with constant non-zero speed.
B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration.
C) at rest.
D) moving with infinite speed.
E) none of the above

Question 37

If the position versus time graph of an object is a horizontal line, the object is

A) moving with constant non-zero speed.
B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration.
C) at rest.
D) moving with infinite speed.
E) none of the above

Question 38

The slope of a tangent line at a given time value on a velocity versus time graph gives

A) displacement.
B) instantaneous velocity.
C) average velocity.
D) instantaneous acceleration.
E) average acceleration.

Question 39

Suppose that an object is moving with constant acceleration. Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning its motion?

A) In equal times its speed changes by equal amounts.
B) In equal times its velocity changes by equal amounts.
C) In equal times it moves equal distances.
D) The object is not moving; it is at rest.
E) A statement cannot be made without additional information.

Question 40

An object is moving with constant non-zero velocity in the +x-axis. The velocity versus time graph of this object is

A) a horizontal straight line.
B) a vertical straight line.
C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis.
D) a parabolic curve.
E) a hyperbolic curve.

Question 41

From the edge of a roof top you toss a green ball upwards with initial velocity v₀ and a blue ball downwards with the same initial velocity. When they reach the ground below,

A) the green ball will be moving faster than the blue ball.
B) the blue ball will be moving faster than the green ball.
C) the two balls will have the same speed.

Question 42

Two athletes jump straight up. John has twice the initial speed of Harry. Compared to Harry, John jumps

A) 0.50 times as long.
B) 1.41 times as long.
C) twice as long.
D) three times as long.
E) four times as long.

Question 43

A car moving initially with velocity v₀ with deceleration a comes to a full stop after traveling a distance d. We can say that the velocity of the car after traveling a distance d/2 is

A) greater than v₀/2.
B) equal than v₀/2.
C) smaller than v₀/2.
D) has no relationship to v₀.

Question 44

Two athletes jump straight up. John has twice the initial speed of Harry. Compared to Harry, John stays in the air

A) 0.50 times as long.
B) 1.41 times as long.
C) twice as long.
D) three times as long.
E) four times as long.

Question 45

The position of a particle as a function of time is given by x(t) = (3.5 m/s)t - (5.0 m/s²)t². What is the average velocity of the particle between t = 0.30 s and t = 0.40 s?

Question 46

FIGURE 2-2
Figure 2-2 represents the position of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. What is the average speed of the particle between t = 0 s and t = 3 s?

Question 47

Suppose a ball is thrown straight up, reaches a maximum height, then falls to its initial height. Make a statement about the direction of the velocity and acceleration as the ball is going up.

A) Both its velocity and its acceleration point upward.
B) Its velocity points upward and its acceleration points downward.
C) Its velocity points downward and its acceleration points upward.
D) Both its velocity and its acceleration points downward.
E) Neither velocity nor acceleration can be determined without additional information.

Question 48

Arthur and Betty start walking toward each other when they are 100 m apart. Arthur has a speed of 3.0 m/s and Betty has a speed of 2.0 m/s. Their dog, Spot, starts by Arthur's side at the same time and runs back and forth between them at 5.0 m/s. By the time Arthur and Betty meet, what distance has Spot run?

Question 49

FIGURE 2-3
Figure 2-3 represents the position of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. What is the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity of the particle when t = 1 s?

Question 50

FIGURE 2-2
Figure 2-2 represents the position of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. What is the average velocity of the particle between t = 0 s and t = 3 s?

Question 51

FIGURE 2-2
Figure 2-2 represents the position of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. What is the average velocity of the particle between t = 2 s and t = 4 s?

Question 52

Arthur and Betty start walking toward each other when they are 100 m apart. Arthur has a speed of 3.0 m/s and Betty has a speed of 2.0 m/s. How long does it take for them to meet?

Question 53

A car traveling with velocity v is decelerated by a constant acceleration of magnitude a. It takes a time t to come to rest. If its initial velocity were doubled, the time required to stop would

A) double as well.
B) decrease by a factor of two.
C) stay the same.
D) quadruple.
E) decrease by a factor of four.

Question 54

Arthur and Betty start walking toward each other when they are 100 m apart. Arthur has a speed of 3.0 m/s and Betty has a speed of 2.0 m/s. Their dog, Spot, starts from Arthur's side at the same time and runs back and forth between them. By the time Arthur and Betty meet, what is Spot's displacement?

Question 55

A certain car can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/hr in 6.0 seconds. What is the average acceleration of that car in m/s²?

Question 56

A stone is thrown straight up. When it reaches its highest point,

A) both its velocity and its acceleration are zero.
B) its velocity is zero and its acceleration is not zero.
C) its velocity is not zero and its acceleration is zero.
D) neither its velocity nor its acceleration is zero.
E) neither velocity nor acceleration can be determined without additional information.

Question 57

You drop a stone from a bridge to the river below. After this stone has traveled a distance d, you drop a second stone. The distance between the two stones will always

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) stays constant.
D) increases at first, but then stays constant.
E) decreases at first, but then stays constant.

Question 58

Two objects are dropped from a bridge, an interval of 1.0 s apart. During the time that both objects continue to fall, their separation

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) stays constant.
D) increases at first, but then stays constant.
E) decreases at first, but then stays constant.

Question 59

A car traveling with velocity v is decelerated by a constant acceleration of magnitude a. It travels a distance d before coming to rest. If its initial velocity were doubled, the distance required to stop would

A) double as well.
B) decrease by a factor of two.
C) stay the same.
D) quadruple.
E) decrease by a factor of four.

Question 60

FIGURE 2-2
Figure 2-2 represents the position of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. What is the average speed of the particle between t = 2 s and t = 4 s?

Question 61

A car is making a 12-mile trip. It travels the first 6.0 miles at 30 miles per hour and the last 6.0 miles at 60 miles per hour. What is the car's average speed for the entire trip?

A) 20 mph
B) 35 mph
C) 40 mph
D) 45 mph
E) 50 mph

Question 62

A runner runs around a track consisting of two parallel lines 96 m long connected at the ends by two semicircles with a radius of 49 m. She completes one lap in 100 seconds. What is her average velocity?

A) 2.5 m/s
B) 5.0 m/s
C) 10 m/s
D) 0 m/s
E) 1.3 m/s

Question 63

FIGURE 2-6
Refer to Figure 2-6. If you start from the Bakery, travel to the Cafe, and then to the Art Gallery, what is the magnitude of your displacement?

A) 6.5 km
B) 2.5 km
C) 10.5 km
D) 9.0 km
E) 1.5 km

Question 64

FIGURE 2-7
Figure 2-7 represents the position of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the particle between t = 1 s and t = 4 s?

A) 0.25 m/s
B) 0.50 m/s
C) 0.67 m/s
D) 1.0 m/s
E) 1.3 m/s

Question 65

A ball is thrown straight up with a speed of 30 m/s.
(a.) How long does it take the ball to reach the maximum height?
(b.) What is the maximum height reached by the ball?
(c.) What is its speed after 4.2 s?

Question 66

FIGURE 2-5
Figure 2-5 shows the velocity-versus-time graph for a basketball player traveling up and down the court in a straight-line path. Find the displacement of the player for each of the segments A, B, C and D.

Question 67

A foul ball is hit straight up into the air with a speed of 30.0 m/s.
(a.) Calculate the time required for the ball to rise to its maximum height.
(b.) Calculate the maximum height reached by the ball.
(c.) Determine the time at which the ball pass a point 25.0 m above the point of contact between the bat and ball.
(d.) Explain why there are two answers to part c.

Question 68

FIGURE 2-6
Refer to Figure 2-6. If you start from the Bakery, travel to the Cafe, and then to the Art Gallery, what is the distance you have traveled?

A) 6.5 km
B) 2.5 km
C) 10.5 km
D) 0 km
E) 1.5 km

Question 69

FIGURE 2-4
Figure 2-4 represents the velocity of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. At what value of t is the instantaneous acceleration equal to zero m/s²?

Question 70

A water rocket can reach a speed of 75 m/s in 0.050 seconds from launch. What is its average acceleration?

Question 71

FIGURE 2-6
Refer to Figure 2-6. If you start from the Bakery, travel to the Cafe, and then to the Art Gallery, what is your displacement?

A) 6.5 km South
B) 2.5 km South
C) 10.5 km North
D) 9.0 km North
E) 1.5 km South

Question 72

FIGURE 2-4
Figure 2-4 represents the velocity of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. In what direction is the acceleration at t = 3.0 s?

Question 73

FIGURE 2-7
Figure 2-7 represents the position of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. What is the average speed of the particle between t = 1 s and t = 4 s?

A) 1.0 m/s
B) 1.3 m/s
C) 0.67 m/s
D) 0.50 m/s
E) 0.25 m/s

Question 74

FIGURE 2-4
Figure 2-4 represents the velocity of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. What is the average acceleration of the particle between t = 2 s and t = 4 s?

Question 75

FIGURE 2-4
Figure 2-4 represents the velocity of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. In what direction is the acceleration at t = 0.5 s?

Question 76

FIGURE 2-6
Refer to Figure 2-6. If you start from the Bakery, travel to the Art Gallery, and then to the Cafe, in 1.0 hour, what is your average speed?

A) 6.5 km/hr
B) 2.5 km/hr
C) 9.0 km/hr
D) 10.5 km/hr
E) 1.5 km/hr

Question 77

A car is making a 12-mile trip. It travels the first 8.0 miles at 30 miles per hour and the last 4.0 miles at 60 miles per hour. What is the car's average speed for the entire trip?

A) 36 mph
B) 40 mph
C) 44 mph
D) 48 mph
E) 52 mph

Question 78

If a car accelerates at 4.0 m/s², how long will it take to reach a speed of 80 km/hr, starting from rest?

Question 79

At the instant a traffic light turns green, a car that has been waiting at the intersection starts ahead with a constant acceleration of 2.00 m/s². At that moment a truck traveling with a constant velocity of 15.0 m/s overtakes and passes the car.
(a.) Calculate the time necessary for the car to reach the truck.
(b.) Calculate the distance beyond the traffic light that the car will pass the truck.
(c.) Determine the speed of the car when it passes the truck.

Question 80

A car with good tires on a dry road can decelerate at about 5.0 m/s² when braking. Suppose a car is initially traveling at 55 mi/h.
(a.) How much time does it take the car to stop?
(b.) What is the stopping distance?