Deck 1: Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Question 1

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are

A)AIDS-related diseases.
B)diarrheal diseases.
C)malaria diseases.
D)measles.
E)respiratory diseases.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called

A)decomposers.
B)prokaryotes.
C)pathogens.
D)eukaryotes.
E)fermenters.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Disease-causing microorganisms are called

A)decomposers.
B)prokaryotes.
C)pathogens.
D)eukaryotes.
E)fermenters.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of

A)biotechnology.
B)bioremediation.
C)decomposition.
D)immunology.
E)epidemiology.

Question 5

Helminths are

A)bacteria.
B)protozoa.
C)molds.
D)parasitic worms.
E)infectious particles.

Question 6

Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed

A)bacteria.
B)viruses.
C)parasites.
D)microorganisms.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 7

Cells,like bacteria and archaea,that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called

A)decomposers.
B)prokaryotes.
C)pathogens.
D)eukaryotes.
E)fermenters.

Question 8

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms,the process is called

A)bioremediation.
B)genetic engineering.
C)epidemiology.
D)immunology.
E)taxonomy.

Question 9

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A)Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms.
B)Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microrganisms but smaller than bacteria.
C)Bacteria are larger than viruses.
D)Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses.

Question 10

Sterile refers to

A)pathogen free.
B)absence of spores.
C)absence of any life forms and viral particles.
D)pasteurized.
E)homogenized.

Question 11

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that

A)microbes are found on dust particles.
B)a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease.
C)life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms.
D)a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom.
E)microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills.

Question 12

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that

A)cause human disease.
B)lack a cell nucleus.
C)are infectious particles.
D)are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.
E)can only be found growing in laboratories.

Question 13

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?

A)mosquito
B)protozoan
C)bacterium
D)virus
E)fungus

Question 14

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A)viruses
B)bacteria
C)parasites
D)fungi
E)yeasts

Question 15

Which of the following is not a human use of microorganisms?

A)making bread
B)treating water and sewage
C)manufacturing copper wire
D)mass producing antibiotics
E)cleaning up oil spills

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?

A)cause human disease
B)lack a nucleus
C)cannot be seen without a microscope
D)contain genetic material
E)lack cell structure

Question 17

The first cells appeared about ___ billion years ago.

A)5
B)4
C)3.5
D)2
E)1.5

Question 18

The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was

A)Joseph Lister.
B)Ignaz Semmelweis.
C)Robert Koch.
D)Louis Pasteur.
E)Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

Question 19

Which activity is an example of biotechnology?

A)bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors
B)a microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria
C)Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds
D)Escherichia coli producing human insulin
E)public health officials monitoring diseases in a community

Question 20

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was

A)Francesco Redi.
B)Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
C)Louis Pasteur.
D)Joseph Lister.
E)Robert Koch.

Question 21

Which scientific name is written correctly?

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)staphylococcus aureus
C)Staphylococcus Aureus
D)Staphylococcus aureus
E)STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Question 22

The scientist(s)who proposed organisms be assigned to one of three domains is(are)

A)Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur.
B)Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
C)Carl Woese and George Fox.
D)Robert Whittaker.
E)Francesco Redi.

Question 23

Current evidence indicates that bacteria and archaea existed on earth for approximately 2 billion years before eukaryotes appeared.

Question 24

Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?

A)species
B)phylum
C)kingdom
D)genus
E)family

Question 25

Which of the following is a scientific name?

A)gram-positive streptococcus
B)Staphylococcus
C)Streptococcus pyogenes
D)anthrax
E)Streptobacilli

Question 26

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right):

A)family,order,class
B)family,genus,species
C)genus,species,family
D)class,phylum,order
E)kingdom,domain,phylum

Question 27

Many chronic conditions are found to be associated with microbial agents.

Question 28

A scientist studying helminths is working with bacteria.

Question 29

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on

A)determining evolutionary relatedness.
B)bioremediation.
C)recombinant DNA.
D)nomenclature.
E)determining if that species is the cause of a new disease.

Question 30

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called

A)biotechnology.
B)genetics.
C)recombinant DNA.
D)phylogeny.
E)taxonomy.

Question 31

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium,Bacillus anthracis?

A)Joseph Lister
B)Ignaz Semmelweis
C)Robert Koch
D)Louis Pasteur
E)Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Question 32

Taxonomy does not involve

A)nomenclature.
B)classification.
C)taxa.
D)identification.
E)common name.

Question 33

If you were a microbiologist in 1950,which of the following scientific principles would you already know?

A)Aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical setting.
B)Very little DNA is transcribed into RNA that is then translated into proteins.
C)Enzymes found in bacteria can be used to cut DNA.
D)Biofilms can form on implanted objects in the human body and be responsible for infection.

Question 34

The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called

A)classification.
B)identification.
C)nomenclature.
D)experimentation.
E)biotechnology.

Question 35

All microorganisms are considered pathogens.

Question 36

The smallest and most significant taxon is

A)genus.
B)species.
C)kingdom.
D)family.
E)phylum.

Question 37

A scientific theory,like the theory of evolution,is just our best guess at explaining a scientific phenomenon,but a theory cannot be considered fact.

Question 38

Which scientific field is involved in the identification,classification,and naming of organisms?

A)nomenclature
B)taxonomy
C)phylogeny
D)Woesean classification
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 39

Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual,structural,and functional changes over long periods of time?

A)morphology
B)phylogeny
C)evolution
D)genetics
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 40

When assigning a scientific name to an organism,

A)the species name is capitalized.
B)the species name is placed first.
C)the species name can be abbreviated.
D)both genus and species names are capitalized.
E)both genus and species names are italicized or underlined.

Question 41

All of the following are monosaccharides except

A)glucose.
B)glycogen.
C)fructose.
D)ribose.
E)deoxyribose.

Question 42

The term sterile means free of all life forms.

Question 43

The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the

A)prostaglandins.
B)waxes.
C)phospholipids.
D)steroids.
E)triglycerides.

Question 44

Once an organism is assigned to a particular taxonomic hierarchy,it is permanent and cannot be revised.

Question 45

All of the following are lipids except

A)cholesterol.
B)starch.
C)phospholipid.
D)wax.
E)triglyceride.

Question 46

The building blocks of an enzyme are

A)nucleotides.
B)glycerol and fatty acids.
C)monosaccharides.
D)phosphate,glycerol,and fatty acids.
E)amino acids.

Question 47

Which is not true about enzymes?

A)found in all cells
B)are catalysts
C)participate in the cell's chemical reactions
D)can be denaturated by heat and other agents
E)have high-energy bonds between phosphates

Question 48

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A)carbon
B)nitrogen
C)oxygen
D)hydrogen
E)phosphorous

Question 49

The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is

A)prostaglandins.
B)waxes.
C)phospholipids.
D)steroids.
E)triglycerides.

Question 50

Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary structure?

A)valine
B)cysteine
C)serine
D)alanine
E)tyrosine

Question 51

The names of the three domains are: Bacteria,Protista,and Eukarya (Eukaryota).

Question 52

What type of bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids?

A)glycosilic
B)ester
C)peptide
D)disulfide
E)phosphate

Question 53

Microbes have been found existing in salty,acidic lakes.

Question 54

One distinguishing characteristic of the archaebacteria is that they live in extreme environments.

Question 55

A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two other carbons and two hydrogens.

A)unsaturated
B)polyunsaturated
C)monounsaturated
D)saturated
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 56

Members of the same species share many more characteristics compared to those shared by members of the same kingdom.

Question 57

All of the following are polysaccharides except

A)glycogen in liver and muscle.
B)agar used to make solid culture media.
C)a cell's glycocalyx.
D)cellulose in certain cell walls.
E)prostaglandins in inflammation.

Question 58

Viruses are not classified in any of Whittaker's five kingdoms.

Question 59

What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?

A)fatty acids
B)glycerol
C)phosphate
D)alcohol
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 60

Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers,which are chains of

A)hydrophobic molecules.
B)electrolytic molecules.
C)repeating monomers.
D)repeating carbohydrates.
E)hydrogen bonds.

Question 61

The most important outcome of polypeptide intrachain bonding and folding is the unique shape of the protein.

Question 62

Scientists today utilize microorganisms to break down toxic chemicals in our environment.The decomposition of pollutants by microbes is referred to as

A)genetic engineering.
B)bioremediation.
C)restriction analysis.
D)biogenesis.

Question 63

Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA?

A)contains ribose
B)contains adenine
C)contains thymine
D)contains uracil
E)contains nucleotides

Question 64

Nucleic acids have primary,secondary,tertiary,and quaternary levels of organization.

Question 65

One nucleotide contains

A)one phosphate.
B)one pentose sugar.
C)one nitrogen base.
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 66

Louis Pasteur hypothesized that microbes were in the air and dust.Through experiments using swan-necked flasks,he disproved the concept of
2-12-13

A)spontaneous mutation.
B)spontaneous generation.
C)aseptic theory.
D)biogenesis.

Question 67

Aseptic techniques aim to reduce the number of microbes in medical settings,thus preventing wound infection and disease.These techniques were first introduced in a surgical setting by

A)Dr.Ignaz Semmelweis.
B)Joseph Lister.
C)Dr.Oliver Wendell.
D)Louis Pasteur.

Question 68

Scientists use microbes to produce drugs,hormones,and enzymes.This type of biotechnology involves the transfer of foreign genetic material into a microbe,a process called

A)recombinant DNA technology.
B)gene therapy.
C)bioremediation.
D)polymerase chain reaction.

Question 69

You are trying to identify a chemical that consists of adenine,ribose,and three phosphates.What is this chemical?

A)DNA
B)RNA
C)ATP
D)phospholipid

Question 70

Characteristics shared by all cells include

A)a membrane serving as a cell boundary.
B)the possession of genetic information.
C)the presence of cellular fluid.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 71

ATP is best described as

A)an enzyme.
B)a double helix.
C)an electron carrier.
D)the energy molecule of cells.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 72

The purine___ always binds with the pyrimidine__ in DNA and RNA.

A)guanine,cytosine
B)cytosine,guanine
C)adenine,guanine
D)thymine,guanine

Question 73

The alpha helix is a type of _____ protein structure.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 74

Microorganisms have inhabited the Earth for billions of years,and can be found inhabiting a variety of environments.In fact,microbes performing oxygenic photosynthesis led to the oxygenation of early Earth's atmosphere.These ancient organisms were

A)prokaryotes.
B)eukaryotes.
C)viruses.
D)prions.

Question 75

During protein synthesis,____ RNA is made as a copy of a gene from DNA.

A)transfer
B)messenger
C)ribosomal
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 76

A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution.If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker,which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose?

A)amino acids
B)hydrogen and oxygen atoms
C)nitrogen and phosphorus
D)fatty acids
E)carbon atoms

Question 77

Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all

A)nucleic acids.
B)carbohydrates.
C)polysaccharides.
D)amino acids.
E)enzymes.

Question 78

All proteins are enzymes.

Question 79

Many microbes that inhabit the skin have the potential to cause disease.One such pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus.The genus name of this organism is

A)aureus.
B)Staphylococcus.
C)staphylococcus.
D)Aureus.

Question 80

Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?

A)uracil
B)adenine
C)thymine
D)cytosine
E)All of these are pyrimidines.