Deck 9: Coping and Intervention Strategies in Sport

Question 1

Which of the following factors is not instrumental in helping coping skills to transfer to other situations.

A)Recognition of stimulus generality.
B)External locus of control for coping.
C)Broad application of coping skill.
D)Internal locus of control for coping (ownership).

Answer 1

External locus of control for coping.

Question 2

Coping involves a personal response on the part of the athlete to address a __________.

A)Opponent.
B)Arousal response.
C)Attentional deficit.
D)stress response.

Answer 2

stress response.

Question 3

Use of progressive relaxation to reduce stress.

A)Approach-problem focused coping.
B)Approach-emotion focused coping.
C)Avoidance-problem focused coping.
D)Avoidance-emotion focused coping.

Answer 3

Approach-emotion focused coping.

Question 4

Name the two types of coping strategy dimensions.

A)Problem focused and approach focused.
B)Emotion focused and avoidance focused.
C)Problem focused and emotion focused.
D)Approach focused and avoidance focuseD.

Question 5

Constantly changing cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands that are appraised as taking or exceeding the resources of the person.

A)Stress management.
B)Coping.
C)Arousal control.
D)None of the above.

Question 6

A cognitive coping strategy might be more effective in addressing the debilitating effects of cognitive anxiety than an emotion focused coping strategy.

A)Matching hypothesis.
B)Hypothesis of best fit.
C)Proactive coping.
D)None of the above.

Question 7

Which of the following factors is not instrumental in helping coping skills to transfer to other situations?

A)Internal locus of control for coping.
B)Learned resourcefulness.
C)Recognition of stimulus generality.
D)A narrow perspective on skill application.

Question 8

Focus is upon alleviating the environmental stimulus that is causing the stress response.

A)Emotion focused coping.
B)Problem focused coping.
C)Avoidance style of coping.
D)Approach style of coping.

Question 9

A coping measurement instrument that reflects the coping styles and strategies conceptual framework.

A)Ways of Coping Checklist.
B)Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations.
C)Coping Style in Sport Survey.
D)Coping Styles and Strategies Inventory.

Question 10

The notion that coping skills learned in sport can be applied in other sport situations or nonsport situations.

A)Non-generalizability of coping skills.
B)Inadequacy of most coping skills.
C)Distractibility hypothesis.
D)Generalizability of coping skills.

Question 11

The use of various relaxation or arousal management procedures to reduce anxiety is commonly referred to as ______________.

A)Attentional control.
B)Stress control.
C)Stress management.
D)Anxiety reduction.

Question 12

Athletes' coping responses are dynamic and fluid,changing from situation to situation.

A)Dispositional hypothesis.
B)Interactive hypothesis.
C)Dynamic hypothesis.
D)Noninteractive hypothesis.

Question 13

Perhaps because of the difficulty of classifying avoidance coping as being either emotion or problem focused,some authors have identified only three categories of coping instead of four.These three categories are typically identified as

A)Cognitive,behavioral,avoidance.
B)Emotion,problem,avoidance.
C)Emotion,problem,approach.
D)Both a and b above.

Question 14

Shows a much more complex and complete picture as to how coping plays a central role in the stress process.

A)The basic model of the stress process.
B)The interactional model of the stress process.
C)The multivariate model of the stress and attention process.
D)The multivariate coping model.

Question 15

Athletes have a certain learned or innate way of coping with all stress related situations.

A)Dispositional hypothesis.
B)Interactive hypothesis.
C)Dynamic hypothesis.
D)Noninteractive hypothesis.

Question 16

Focus is upon regulating emotions in order to reduce or manage cognitive distress.

A)Emotion focused coping.
B)Problem focused coping.
C)Avoidance style of coping.
D)Approach style of coping.

Question 17

Vent unpleasant emotions.

A)Approach-problem focused coping.
B)Approach-emotion focused coping.
C)Avoidance-problem focused coping.
D)Avoidance-emotion focused coping.

Question 18

Name the two types of coping style dimensions.

A)Problem style and approach style.
B)Emotion style and avoidance style.
C)Problem style and emotion style.
D)Approach style and avoidance style.

Question 19

The vast majority of coping strategies used by elite athletes can be categorized under the heading of

A)Psychological training.
B)Physical training and strategizing.
C)Somatic relaxation.
D)All of the above.

Question 20

Applied sport related research has generally supported the hypothesis that coping strategies and styles are

A)Static and unchanging from situation to situation.
B)Dynamic and fluid from situation to situation to situation.
C)Difficult to study.
D)None of the above.

Question 21

Modern progressive relaxation techniques are all variations of those outlined by ___________.

A)Johannes H.Schultz.
B)Robert Nideffer.
C)David Danskin.
D)Edmond Jacobson.

Question 22

The "what" of self-talk describes

A)If it takes place in the practice or competitive environment.
B)If it takes place before,during,or after a competitive event.
C)The kinds of words and phrases used in self-talk.
D)Whether used for purposes of motivation or cognition.

Question 23

An initial decrease in performance leads to an increase in state anxiety,which leads to an additional decrease in performance followed by an even greater increase in state anxiety.

A)Relaxation response.
B)Psyching up process.
C)Activation response.
D)Anxiety-stress spiral.

Question 24

The _________________ consists of physiological changes that are opposite to the "fight or flight" response of the sympathetic nervous system.

A)Anxiety-stress spiral.
B)Relaxation response.
C)Psyching up process.
D)Activation response.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a source of stress cited by elite athletes?

A)Worry about injuries.
B)Mental and physical errors.
C)Too much playing time.
D)Coach/player communication.

Question 26

Coping strategies in which the athlete anticipates in advance potential stressors and prepares in advance for dealing with them.

A)Automated coping strategies.
B)Matching coping strategies.
C)Effective coping strategies.
D)Proactive coping strategies.

Question 27

Which of the following types of breathing is most specifically associated with relaxation?

A)Deep breathing.
B)Chest breathing.
C)Abdominal breathing.
D)None of the above.

Question 28

Which of the following is not an inventory designed to measure self-talk?

A)Self-Talk in Sport Questionnaire.
B)Negative Self-Talk Questionnaire.
C)Functions of Self-Talk questionnaire.
D)Automatic Self-Talk Questionnaire.

Question 29

Which of the following is not a primary category of self-talk (the what)?

A)Cognitive restructuring.
B)Task specific statements relating to technique.
C)Encouragement and effort.
D)Mood words.

Question 30

In progressive relaxation,the process of systematically tensing and relaxing muscles serves to

A)Tire the subject out.
B)Distract the subject.
C)Develop increased musculature.
D)Help subject recognize the difference between tension and relaxation.

Question 31

The "why" of self-talk describes

A)If it takes place in the practice or competitive environment.
B)If it takes place before,during,or after a competitive event.
C)The kinds of words and phrases used in self-talk.
D)Whether used for purposes of motivation or cognition.

Question 32

Which of the following would not be a good self-affirmation statement to be used during self-talk?

A)I can hit a strong and accurate first serve.
B)I am a consistent and accurate setter.
C)I have a cannon for a throwing arm.
D)I hope he does not hit the ball my way.

Question 33

For self-talk to be effective,it is suggested that self-talk statements be

A)Incompatible with the sequential timing of the task being performed.
B)Brief and phonetically simple.
C)Thoughts that occur in the emotion of the moment.
D)Complex statements requiring analysis.

Question 34

Techniques calculated to bring about the relaxation response include progressive relaxation,autogenic training,meditation,and biofeedback.The following is an important component of each of these techniques.

A)Meditation.
B)Deep breathing.
C)Instrumentation.
D)Hypnosis.

Question 35

As a psychological method for improving self-confidence,self-talk must be _______ in nature and lead to _______ feelings about an athlete's behavior.

A)Futuristic,neutral.
B)Vocal,changed.
C)Negative,negative.
D)Positive,positive.

Question 36

Research shows that the following kind of coping response is used most often by athletes

A)Approach cognitive coping.
B)Approach behavioral coping.
C)Cognitive and behavioral approach coping used equally.
D)Avoidance coping.

Question 37

Progressive relaxation involves the process of tensing and relaxing muscles,but does not involve

A)Long hours of initial practice.
B)Activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
C)Reduction in associated anxiety.
D)Systematic relaxation of every muscle group in the body.

Question 38

Which of the following is not an important use or function of self-talk (the why)?

A)Building and developing self-efficacy.
B)Skill acquisition.
C)Attentional distraction.
D)Controlling effort.

Question 39

Which of the following is not a factor that must be present to evoke the relaxation response?

A)Increased muscle tone.
B)A mental device.
C)A passive attitude.
D)A quiet environment.

Question 40

An effective cognitive/behavioral technique for reinforcing situation specific self-confidence and ultimately behavior.

A)Thought restructuring.
B)Negative self-efficacy.
C)Self-talk.
D)Coaching effectiveness.

Question 41

Which of the following is not a common physiological indicator used in biofeedback?

A)Skin temperature.
B)Electromyography.
C)Electroencephalogram.
D)Blood chemistry.

Question 42

Which of the following is not a component part of autogenic training?

A)Six initial steps related to bodily perception.
B)Physiological arousal.
C)Use of imagery.
D)Use of themes and self-statements.

Question 43

A _____________ by the coach or a respected member of the team is the most common method used to increase the activation level of athletes.

A)Team goal setting.
B)Bulletin boards.
C)Pep talk.
D)Parental interaction.

Question 44

Progressive relaxation is an effective intervention for enhancing sport performance

A)When it is the only intervention being used.
B)For team sport athletes,but not individual sport athletes.
C)When used in conjunction with imagery or some other cognitive intervention strategy.
D)In female but not male athletes.

Question 45

Which of the following should not be used by the coach to psych-up the athlete?

A)Use of bulletin boards and pep talks.
B)Transcendental meditation.
C)Self-activation.
D)Precompetitive workout.

Question 46

___________________ is a modern meditational approach to controlling the ___________ nervous system.

A)Integrative mind body training,peripheral.
B)Neo-transcendental meditation,autonomic.
C)Integrative mind body training,autonomiC.
D)Mindfulness,parasympathetic.

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true relative to the use of biofeedback for enhancing athletic performance?

A)It is only effective when used in conjunction with imagery.
B)It is highly effective in eliciting the relaxation response and moderately effective in enhancing athletic performance.
C)It has proven to be ineffective.
D)It is highly effective in enhancing athletic performance.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is false relative to EEG brain waves?

A)Alpha waves predominate when the subject relaxes and puts his or her mind in "neutral."
B)Beta waves predominate during periods of excitement and high arousal.
C)Levels of brain activity are not correlated with EEG brain waves.
D)Tiny electrical impulses form billions of brain cells can be detected by electrodes placed on the scalp and connected to an EEG.

Question 49

In working with hypnotized patients,originators of autogenic training noted that patients invariably reported the following two bodily sensations

A)Heaviness in the limbs,and lightness in the head.
B)Warmth in the body and limbs,and heaviness in the mid-section of the body.
C)Pain in the mid-section,and dizziness in the head.
D)Heaviness in the limbs,and warmth in the body and in the arms and legs.

Question 50

Strategies that the individual uses to induce immediate activation and alertness.

A)Individual psyching-up strategies.
B)Individual relaxation strategies.
C)Hypnosis.
D)None of the above.

Question 51

Transcendental meditation is a form of meditation popularized by

A)Jane FondA.
B)Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
C)Chakra Yoga Rinzai Zen
D)Buddha

Question 52

Which statement is false relative to preparation for competition?

A)An initially under aroused athlete can benefit from coach initiated activation activities.
B)An optimally aroused athlete may become over aroused form coach initiated activation activities.
C)Coach initiated activation exercises are always beneficial to the athlete.
D)Coach initiated activation exercises may be counterproductive for the initially over aroused athlete.

Question 53

Which of the following is not a team energizing strategy?

A)Bulletin boards.
B)Publicity and news coverage.
C)Coach,athlete,and parent interaction.
D)Team meditation session.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true relative to biofeedback?

A)Humans cannot voluntarily control functions of the autonomic nervous system.
B)It is very easy for athletes to voluntarily control functions of the autonomic nervous system.
C)With practice athletes can learn to reverse the "fight or flight" effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
D)Athletes who use biofeedback routinely outperform those athletes who do not.

Question 55

Autogenic training is a relaxation procedure developed by ________________

A)Johannes Schultz.
B)Edmond Jacobson.
C)Bryan Cratty.
D)Henry Benson.

Question 56

The indiscriminate use of intervention strategies to control anxiety and arousal has prompted sport psychologists to propose a closer fit between debilitating symptom and its cure.This is referred to as

A)The undifferentiated hypothesis.
B)Cognitive intervention selection.
C)Stress management.
D)The matching hypothesis.

Question 57

As used in meditation,the "mantra" is a

A)Ceremonial beverage.
B)Mental device.
C)Process used to disengage from meditation.
D)Meditation leader.

Question 58

_________________ focus upon those strategies that deal with the team as a whole and are generally orchestrated by the _________.

A)Team energizing strategies,coach.
B)Individual energizing strategies,athlete.
C)Team energizing strategies,athlete.
D)Attentional focus strategies,coach.

Question 59

Which of the following is not a team energizing strategy?

A)Team goal setting.
B)Individual goal setting.
C)Pep talks.
D)Fan support.

Question 60

The _________________ method focuses upon achieving a natural state of restful alertness that allows a high degree of body awareness,breathing,and external instruction.

A)Integrative mind body training.
B)Neo-transcendental meditation.
C)Mindfulness.
D)None of the above.

Question 61

Publicity and news coverage is something that

A)Should not be encouraged,as it is usually a distraction.
B)Is of little value in psyching athletes up for competition.
C)Only parents should be interested in.
D)Should be cultivated and encouraged by inviting the media to games and sending them information about athletes.

Question 62

Which of the following is not a viable self-energizing strategy used by athletes?

A)Individual goal setting.
B)Self-talk.
C)Autogenic training.
D)attentional focus.

Question 63

Relative to self-energizing strategies,which of the following is of least importance to the athlete?

A)Individual goal setting.
B)Self-activation.
C)Immediate mobilization.
D)Team goal setting.

Question 64

For purposes of psyching-up athletes,the following information should not appear on a locker room bulletin board.

A)Catchy motivating phrases such as "when the going gets tough,the tough get going."
B)Challenge performances for the next match/game.
C)Inflammatory statements made by opposing team members or coach.
D)Notification of a post match social hour.

Question 65

Which statement is false relative to the use of individual goal setting as an immediate self-energizing strategy?

A)Goal setting is only effective when used for purposes of long range planning and skill development.
B)Successful athletes use goal setting to motivate and energize them for an approaching competition.
C)Goal setting practiced contiguous with an event is a form of positive self-talk containing specific goal parameters.
D)Goal setting,even in acute situations,is highly motivating and energizing.

Question 66

Which statement is false relative to coach,athlete,and parent interaction?

A)In terms of energizing the athlete,parental interaction is of little practical significance.
B)Interactions between athlete,parent,and coach are an often overlooked source of motivation for the athlete.
C)When properly nurtured,parental involvement is a tremendous source of support and motivation for the athlete.
D)When called upon,parents can be observed serving as scorekeepers,bus drivers,and assistant coaches.