Deck 19: Biochemistry

Question 1

If a polysaccharide is digested in the body,it will yield many monosaccharide units.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Carbohydrates have the general formula of (CH₂O)_n.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A carbohydrate that cannot be broken down into simpler carbohydrates is called a monosaccharide.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Monosaccharides typically rearrange in aqueous solution to form double helix structures.

Question 5

The only structural difference between starch and cellulose is the type of linkage between glucose units.

Question 6

Fructose is an example of a hexose,a six-carbon sugar.

Question 7

Humans are better able to digest cellulose rather than starch because of differences in the link between the glucose units in the polysaccharide.

Question 8

The many OH groups present in carbohydrates such as glucose make them quite insoluble in water and blood.

Question 9

The smallest structural unit of a living organism is the cell nucleus.

Question 10

The term hydrophilic indicates a substance is repelled by water.

Question 11

The four main classes of biochemical compounds are carbohydrates,lipids,proteins and nucleic acids.

Question 12

A pentose sugar contains more carbon atoms than does a hexose sugar.

Question 13

A disaccharide is composed of two monosaccharides connected together by a glycosidic linkage.

Question 14

Lipids are considered to be more soluble in water than in other solvents.

Question 15

The structure of a carbohydrate shows that water molecules are connected to carbon atoms.

Question 16

Carbohydrates provide short term energy storage in cells.

Question 17

Lipids are soluble in aqueous solutions such as blood and cytoplasm.

Question 18

Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.

Question 19

The human genome project was embarked upon in the late 1970s with the goal of mapping the entire DNA molecule.

Question 20

Biochemistry is the study of chemical substances and processes that occur in plants,animals and microorganisms.

Question 21

A tripeptide consists of three steroids linked together.

Question 22

The pattern Gly-Val-Gln-Cys-Cys-Ala-Ser-Val is an example of a primary protein structure.

Question 23

Amino acids are molecules that contain a side chain,a main chain,an amine group,a carboxylic acid group and a protein group.

Question 24

In the formation of a secondary protein structure,the primary protein structure is destroyed.

Question 25

The exact shape that a protein takes depends on the types of amino acids and their sequence in the protein chain.

Question 26

Enzymes that act as catalysts are called proteins.

Question 27

A triglyceride is a fat or oil that contains a fatty acid bonded to three glycerol molecules.

Question 28

Nucleic acids contain a chemical code that ensures the correct amino acid sequence for proteins.

Question 29

The nonpolar part of a phospholipid is repelled by water and is said to be hydrophilic.

Question 30

DNA and RNA are the two types of nucleic acids.

Question 31

Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature.

Question 32

Amino acids link together to form a peptide bond because the amine end of one amino acid reacts with the carboxylic acid of another amino acid.

Question 33

Pleated sheet is a tertiary protein structure.

Question 34

Proteins are polymers of amino acids.

Question 35

A fatty acid has a long chain of carbon atoms that ends with a carboxylic acid.

Question 36

The polar section of a phospholipid is said to be hydrophobic.

Question 37

Fatty acids differ only in their "R" group.

Question 38

Quaternary protein structure is simply the sequence of amino acids in that protein's chain.

Question 39

Peptide bonds are responsible for the primary protein structure.

Question 40

Protein structures are expressed in terms of amino acid sequence,the short-term repeating pattern,the long-term bend and folds and finally how proteins structures interact with themselves.

Question 41

The human genome project showed that humans have approximately ________ genes.

A)46
B)20,000
C)36,000
D)3 Million
E)none of the above

Question 42

DNA contained within the nucleus of most cells contains a complete set of instructions to make all of the proteins in the human body.

Question 43

The region of the cell that holds the contents of the cell together is called ________.

A)nucleus
B)mitochondria
C)cell membrane
D)cytoplasm
E)none of the above

Question 44

The bases on one strand of DNA pair with bases on the other strand of DNA through hydrogen bonding.

Question 45

The human genome project is expected to:

A)help identify people who are susceptible to certain diseases.
B)produce important drugs in the lab by using the blueprint our body provides.
C)help develop new drugs to fight genetic diseases.
D)help understand the genetic basis for intelligence.
E)all of the above

Question 46

A seven-carbon sugar is known as:

A)tetrose.
B)sevose.
C)hexose.
D)heptose.
E)none of the above

Question 47

Nucleotides contain a phosphate,a sugar and an amino acid.

Question 48

A codon is a section of DNA that specifies a single amino acid.

Question 49

Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosome.

Question 50

A gene is a portion of DNA that codes for a single protein.

Question 51

The region of the cell that contains specialized structures that carry out the cell's work is called ________.

A)nucleus
B)cell wall
C)cell membrane
D)cytoplasm
E)none of the above

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT true regarding disaccharides?

A)The disaccharide link is so strong that it cannot be broken during digestion.
B)The link between the monosaccharides is called a glycosidic linkage.
C)Water is eliminated when two monosaccharides react to form a disaccharide.
D)A disaccharide is a carbohydrate composed of two simpler carbohydrates.
E)none of the above

Question 53

The main chemical components of the cell are ________.

A)carbohydrates,alcohols,proteins and amines
B)alcohols,proteins,amines and nucleic acids
C)proteins,nucleic acids,lipids,and carbohydrates
D)amines,lipids,nucleic acids and proteins
E)none of the above

Question 54

An example of a disaccharide is:

A)glucose.
B)sucrose.
C)cellulose.
D)glycogen.
E)both C and D

Question 55

An example of a monosaccharide is ________.

A)glucose
B)sucrose
C)cellulose
D)glycogen
E)both C and D

Question 56

Humans must synthesize some of the proteins they need because they cannot obtain them from the foods they eat.

Question 57

Which sequence below lists the order of the components of a cell,listed in order from inside to outside?

A)nucleus,cell membrane,cytoplasm
B)cytoplasm,nucleus,cell membrane
C)nucleus,cytoplasm,cell membrane
D)cell membrane,nucleus,cytoplasm
E)cell membrane,cytoplasm,nucleus

Question 58

The portion of the cell that contains the genetic information is called ________.

A)cytoplasm
B)membrane
C)nucleus
D)mitochondria
E)none of the above

Question 59

A roundworm has approximately ________ genes.

A)46
B)20,000
C)32,000
D)3 Million
E)none of the above

Question 60

The complementary strand of DNA to the pattern GAATC is TCCGA.

Question 61

Which of the following statements correctly explains the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids?

A)The amine end of one links with the amine end of the other.
B)The carboxylic acid end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other.
C)The amine end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other and eliminates a water molecule.
D)The carboxylic acid end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other and eliminates a water molecule.
E)none of the above

Question 62

Which of the following statements about fats and oils is FALSE?

A)Fats and oils are made of a fatty acid with three glycerides bonded to it.
B)The bonds between the fatty acids and the glycerol is an ester linkage.
C)A saturated fatty acid contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.
D)An unsaturated fatty acid contains some double or triple bonds.
E)All of the above statements are true.

Question 63

Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?

A)oleic acid
B)linoleic acid
C)linolenic acid
D)capric acid
E)All of the above are saturated fatty acids.

Question 64

Lipids include all of the following compounds EXCEPT:

A)fatty acids.
B)fats.
C)oils.
D)amino acids.
E)All of the above are lipids.

Question 65

All of the carbohydrates below are hexoses EXCEPT:

A)glucose.
B)fructose.
C)galactose.
D)both A and B
E)Glucose,fructose and galactose are all hexoses.

Question 66

Which of the following statements about amino acids is FALSE?

A)Amino acids are the monomers of protein molecules.
B)Amino acids all have an amine group,a side chain,and a carboxylic acid.
C)Amino acids bond to each other through a peptide bond.
D)Amino acids all have very similar physical properties.
E)All of the statements are true.

Question 67

Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate?

A)monosaccharide
B)disaccharide
C)polysaccharide
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 68

All of the following carbohydrates can be digested by humans EXCEPT:

A)glucose.
B)sucrose.
C)cellulose.
D)glycogen.
E)both C and D

Question 69

An example of a polysaccharide is:

A)glucose.
B)sucrose.
C)cellulose.
D)glycogen.
E)both C and D

Question 70

Amino acids contain a(n):

A)amine group.
B)carboxylic acid group.
C)"R" side chain.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 71

During digestion,sucrose breaks down into ________.

A)glucose and galactose
B)galactose and fructose
C)fructose and lactose
D)glucose and fructose
E)none of the above

Question 72

Which factor causes the main difference in chemical properties between different amino acids?

A)amine group
B)carboxylic acid group
C)R group (side chain)
D)molecular weight
E)none of the above

Question 73

The only difference between starch and cellulose is:

A)starch is a linear arrangement of glucose units and cellulose is a branched arrangement of glucose units.
B)starch is a linear arrangement of sucrose units and cellulose is a linear arrangement of glucose units.
C)starch is a linear arrangement of fructose units and cellulose is a branched arrangement of fructose units.
D)starch is a linear arrangement of glucose units with alpha linkages and cellulose is a linear arrangement of glucose units with beta linkages.
E)none of the above

Question 74

Lipids include all of the following compounds EXCEPT:

A)phospholipids.
B)glycolipids.
C)carboxylic acids.
D)steroids.
E)All of the above are lipids.

Question 75

Which of the following statements is FALSE about polysaccharides?

A)They are long chain structures containing large number of repeating monosaccharide units.
B)Starch,cellulose,and glycogen are polysaccharides.
C)Table sugar is a polysaccharide.
D)They break down to produce monosaccharides during digestion.
E)none of the above

Question 76

Which of the following is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A)oleic acid
B)palmitic acid
C)myristic acid
D)butyric acid
E)All of the above are saturated fatty acids.

Question 77

The type of lipid that contains a four-ring structure and does not contain fatty acids is:

A)glycolipid.
B)steroid.
C)triglyceride.
D)phospholipid.
E)none of the above

Question 78

A lipid is a chemical component of the cell that is:

A)insoluble in water but soluble in methanol.
B)soluble in nonpolar solvents and insoluble in water.
C)soluble in water and insoluble in nonpolar solvents.
D)soluble in both water and nonpolar solvents.
E)none of the above

Question 79

Which of the statements regarding phospholipids is FALSE?

A)A phospholipid has nearly the same structure as a triglyceride.
B)Unlike triglycerides,phospholipids have a polar region.
C)Phospholipids are common in the cell membrane.
D)A cell membrane is a bilayer of phospholipids and glycolipids.
E)All of the above statements are true.

Question 80

Which of the following statements about proteins is FALSE?

A)Proteins are polymers of amino acids.
B)Proteins can act as biological catalysts.
C)Proteins are the structural component of muscle and cartilage.
D)Proteins are a main source of energy for cells.
E)All of the statements are true.