Deck 4: Biodiversity and Evolution

Question 1

Habitat loss and fragmentation is not a major threat to amphibians.​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In speciation,two species interbreed to form one new species.​

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Geographic isolation and reproductive isolation can both lead to speciation.​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

It is impossible for a shark that has been caught and returned to the ocean to drown.

Question 5

New species arise when a mutation occurs and an organism is born much different than its parents.​

Question 6

​Viral and fungal diseases are among the factors that threaten amphibians.

Question 7

​Cockroaches have a wide range of tolerance of environmental conditions.They are known as a specialist species.

Question 8

Heritable traits that give an individual some advantage over other individuals in the population are called adaptive traits.

Question 9

Compounds in secretions from the skin of certain amphibians have been isolated and used as painkillers and antibiotics,and in treatments for burns and heart disease.​

Question 10

American alligators dig holes that many other species rely on.​

Question 11

When biologists talk about the "survival of the fittest",the fittest individuals are those that leave the most descendants,not those that are physically the strongest.

Question 12

​Generalist species are more prone to extinction when environmental changes change rapidly than specialist species.

Question 13

Genes mutate,individuals are selected,and populations evolve.​

Question 14

​All nonnative species threaten ecosystems.

Question 15

Most of the earth's species of flowering plants depend on insects to pollinate their flowers.

Question 16

​Even if a beneficial heritable trait is present in a population,the population's ability to adapt may be limited by its reproductive capacity.

Question 17

Scientists estimate that the fossils found so far represent probably only 1% of all species that have ever lived.

Question 18

​Before humans evolved,species never went extinct.

Question 19

Evolution by natural selection involves a grand plan of nature in which species are to become more perfectly adapted.

Question 20

​The biological diversity of the earth is only a function of the number of species on the earth.

Question 21

Species that provide early warnings of environmental change in a community or an ecosystem are called ____.​

A) ​invasive species
B) ​exotic species
C) ​keystone species
D) ​indicator species
E) ​native species

Question 22

Biomes are ____.​

A) ​individual ocean basins
B) ​large terrestrial regions of the earth with distinct climate and certain species typically occurring within them
C) ​groups of populations living in harmony in a given ecosystem
D) ​all the biological,rather than man-made,portions of the planet combined into one ecosystem
E) ​types of forests that are extensive and widespread on a continent

Question 23

In a population of wild bees, a mutation resulted in slightly larger wingspan in some of the bees. This larger wingspan made the bees more efficient in their flights to flowers to collect nectar. Thus, these bees became more successful. This trait was passed on to offspring, and eventually the larger wingspan variety of bee replaced their smaller-winged relatives completely.
Because this mutation produced a specific wing trait that was passed onto offspring,the mutation must have occurred ____.​

A) ​in wing cells
B) ​in reproductive cells
C) ​as a result of exposure to a chemical agent
D) ​as a result of UV light
E) ​because of the type of pollen the bee collected

Question 24

​____ is the variety of processes such as energy flow and matter cycling that occur within ecosystems as species interact with one another in food webs.

A) ​Biome diversity
B) ​Genetic diversity
C) Functional diversity
D) ​Ecosystem diversity
E) ​Species diversity

Question 25

____ is the number and variety of species present in any biological community.​

A) ​Biome diversity
B) ​Functional diversity
C) ​Ecological diversity
D) ​Genetic diversity
E) ​Species diversity

Question 26

The role a species plays in its ecosystem is its ____.​

A) ​biodiversity
B) ​biome
C) ​habitat
D) ​niche
E) ​trait

Question 27

Species with broad niches are described as ____ species.​

A) ​invasive species
B) ​native
C) ​specialist
D) ​diverse
E) ​generalist

Question 28

____ are species whose roles have a large effect on the types and abundance of other species in an ecosystem.​

A) ​Generalist species
B) ​Nonnative species
C) ​Native species
D) ​Indicator species
E) ​Keystone species

Question 29

The earth's variety of deserts,grasslands,forests,mountains,oceans,lakes,rivers,and wetlands can be described as ____.​

A) ​functional diversity
B) ​biome diversity
C) ​species diversity
D) ​genetic diversity
E) ​ecosystem diversity

Question 30

​In 1957,Brazil imported wild African honeybees to help increase honey production,but the bees displaced some native honeybee populations,which led to a reduced honey supply.These African honeybees could be described as ____.​

A) ​mutagens
B) ​keystones
C) ​indicators
D) ​invasive
E) ​endemic

Question 31

Which characteristic must be true in order for a trait to be impacted by the forces of natural selection and then play a role in the process of biological evolution?​

A) ​The trait must be the result of environmental conditions.
B) ​The trait must be genetically based.
C) ​The trait must impact the social rank of its possessor.
D) ​The trait must be a physical characteristic of the organism.
E) ​The trait must be a behavioral characteristic of the organism.

Question 32

For every shark that injures or kills a person every year,we ____.​

A) ​kill one shark to even the score
B) ​kill about 50,000 sharks,but mainly for food
C) ​kill about 1.2 million sharks
D) ​kill sharks in a ratio of 5:1 for humans deaths
E) ​hunt sharks but have been unable to kill any

Question 33

Deserts,tropical forests,prairie grasslands,and coniferous forests have distinct climates and certain species,and are all examples of ____.​

A) ​different species
B) ​ecosystems with the highest biodiversity
C) ​ecosystems with low genetic biodiversity
D) ​biomes
E) ​populations

Question 34

In a population of wild bees, a mutation resulted in slightly larger wingspan in some of the bees. This larger wingspan made the bees more efficient in their flights to flowers to collect nectar. Thus, these bees became more successful. This trait was passed on to offspring, and eventually the larger wingspan variety of bee replaced their smaller-winged relatives completely.
It could be said that ____ favored the bee with the larger wingspan,and so the ____ evolved.​

A) ​adaptation; bee
B) ​evolution; population
C) ​mutation; bee
D) ​natural selection; population
E) ​mutation; population

Question 35

Which statement is true with regard to mutations?​

A) ​Mutations are always harmful.
B) ​Mutations always provide for beneficial changes in an organism's genetic makeup.
C) ​Mutations are chosen by the organism to improve their survival.
D) ​Mutations that survive in a population are determined by natural selection.
E) ​Mutations are caused only by harmful chemicals.

Question 36

The American alligator is a(n)____ because it plays a number of important roles in the ecosystems where it is found in the southeastern United States.​

A) ​endemic species
B) ​specialist species
C) ​indicator species
D) ​exotic species
E) ​keystone species

Question 37

A trait that creates a specific advantage for some organisms in the struggle to survive ____.​

A) ​enables individuals with the trait to leave more offspring than other members of the population leave
B) ​results in greater genetic diversity in the offspring of those organisms that possess it than in those that do not possess the trait
C) ​causes the ratio of male and female offspring produced to be equal
D) ​results in offspring that are genetically different than the parents
E) ​forces non-heritable traits to be passed from parent to offspring.

Question 38

The variety of genes found in a species or population is known as ____.​

A) ​species diversity
B) ​genetic diversity
C) ​functional diversity
D) ​ecological diversity
E) ​molecular diversity

Question 39

Scientists estimate that the fossils found so far represent probably ____ of all species that have ever lived.​

A) ​1%
B) ​25%
C) ​40%
D) ​60%
E) ​75%

Question 40

Genetic resistance to antibiotic drugs is an important example of ____.​

A) ​an adaptive trait in humans
B) ​natural selection
C) ​a beneficial mutation
D) ​a harmful mutation
E) ​evolution

Question 41

A heritable trait that improves the ability of an individual organism to survive and to reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals in a population is called a(n)____.​

A) ​adaptation
B) ​mutagen
C) ​niche
D) ​chromosome
E) ​selection

Question 42

Humans evolved from ___.​

A) ​apes
B) ​monkeys
C) ​chimpanzees
D) ​a common ancestor shared with apes and monkeys
E) ​an ancestor with no connection to apes or monkeys

Question 43

Specialist species occupy ____.​

A) ​multiple habitats
B) ​a broad ecological niche
C) ​multiple ecological niches
D) ​a narrow ecological niche
E) ​the same niche as a keystone species

Question 44

​A species that is found only on one island would be described as ____.

A) ​adaptive
B) ​the product of artificial selection
C) ​a keystone species
D) ​an indicator species
E) ​endemic

Question 45

Which statement best describes an organism's habitat?​

A) ​nutrient relationships with other species
B) ​place or type of ecosystem in which a species lives
C) ​types of resource requirements
D) ​range of tolerance to different physical and chemical conditions
E) ​types of competitors

Question 46

Which statement is true with regard to keystone species?​

A) ​Animals can be keystone species,but plants cannot.
B) ​Top predators can be keystone species,but other animals cannot.
C) ​Insects can never be keystone species because they are pests.
D) ​Some keystone species are more vulnerable to extinction than other species.
E) ​A species must have a very large population size in order to be a keystone species.

Question 47

We can say that on a long-term basis,the ____ principle of sustainability has especially helped life on the earth to adapt to drastic changes in environmental conditions.​

A) ​wise use
B) ​energy cycling
C) ​nutrient cycling
D) ​energy
E) ​biodiversity

Question 48

​An intertidal species of sea star helps to maintain the diversity of the intertidal region by controlling the mussel population.Without the sea star,the mussel population would crowd out other species and take over their territory.The sea star could be called a(n)____.

A) ​indicator species
B) ​keystone species
C) ​foundation species
D) ​aggressive species
E) ​repressor species

Question 49

Some genetic mutations occur from exposure to external agents called ____,such as radioactivity,ultraviolet radiation from the sun,and certain natural and human-made chemicals.​

A) ​mutagens
B) ​heritable traits
C) ​keystones
D) ​niches
E) ​antibiotics

Question 50

____ is a technology that enables scientists to make new sequences of DNA and to use such genetic information to design and create new cells,tissues,organisms,and devices,and to redesign natural biological systems.​

A) ​Synthetic biology
B) ​Artificial selection
C) ​Reproductive isolation
D) ​Speciation
E) ​Adaptation

Question 51

Scientists use ____ to alter an organism's genetic material by adding,deleting,or changing segments of its DNA to produce desirable traits or to eliminate undesirable ones.​

A) ​genetic engineering
B) ​natural selection
C) ​geographic isolation
D) ​speciation
E) ​genetic resistance

Question 52

The process by which members of isolated populations become so different in genetic makeup that they cannot produce live,fertile offspring if they are rejoined is best described as ____.​

A) ​geographic isolation
B) ​reproductive isolation
C) ​evolutionary isolation
D) ​endemic isolation
E) ​niche isolation

Question 53

The ability of one or more organisms in a population to tolerate a chemical such as a pesticide or antibiotic designed to kill it and to reproduce more rapidly than the members of the population that do not have such genetic traits is called ____.​

A) ​synthetic biology
B) ​genetic engineering
C) ​crossbreeding
D) ​genetic resistance
E) ​heritability

Question 54

​A species that can live in many different places and eat a variety of foods could be described as ____.

A) ​endemic
B) ​exotic
C) ​a specialist species
D) ​a generalist species
E) ​a native species

Question 55

When environmental conditions change dramatically or rapidly,a population of a species faces three possible futures: adapt to the new conditions through natural selection,migrate (if possible)to another area with more favorable conditions,or ____.​

A) ​wait until conditions improve
B) ​crossbreed with another species
C) ​become extinct
D) ​control environmental conditions
E) ​become invasive

Question 56

Traits that can be passed from one generation to the next are called ____ traits.​

A) ​selection
B) ​native
C) ​adaptive
D) ​heritable
E) ​fitness

Question 57

Artificial selection can be achieved by ____.​

A) ​ensuring that more individuals survive to reproductive age
B) ​not interfering with the survival of the fittest
C) ​selective breeding
D) ​geographic isolation
E) ​increasing competition for niches

Question 58

Which organism would best be described as a specialist species?​

A) ​flies
B) ​cockroaches
C) ​white-tailed deer
D) ​panda bears
E) ​humans

Question 59

​____ is the most common cause of speciation.

A) ​Mass extinction
B) ​Geographic isolation
C) ​The arrival of a nonnative species
D) ​An overlap between ecological niches
E) ​The loss of a keystone species

Question 60

Humans have used ____ to change the genetic characteristics of populations to generate individuals with desired traits.​

A) ​specialist species
B) ​ecological niches
C) ​keystone species
D) ​artificial selection
E) ​subjective selection

Question 61

Sharks are especially vulnerable to population declines because ____.​

A) ​they cannot tolerate changes in water temperature
B) ​they are susceptible to many more diseases than most species
C) ​they often deplete the populations of their prey
D) ​they grow slowly,mature late,and have only a few offspring per generation
E) ​they are prey for so many species

Question 62

Match the type of diversity with the proper choice below.
​Caribbean snails of the same population exhibit a variety of shell colors and banding patterns.​

A)functional diversity
B)genetic diversity
C)ecological diversity
D)species diversity

Question 63

Match the type of diversity with the proper choice below.
​A population of fish contains fish of several different colors.​

A)functional diversity
B)genetic diversity
C)ecological diversity
D)species diversity

Question 64

Match the type of diversity with the proper choice below.
Some tropical forests contain thousands of producer species.​

A)functional diversity
B)genetic diversity
C)ecological diversity
D)species diversity

Question 65

Match the type of diversity with the proper choice below.
​A disease only affects a portion of a population,as the others are immune.​

A)functional diversity
B)genetic diversity
C)ecological diversity
D)species diversity

Question 66

Under rapidly changing environmental conditions,____ usually have an advantage.​

A) ​specialist species
B) ​generalist species
C) ​indicator species
D) ​amphibians
E) ​keystone species

Question 67

____________________ is the process whereby the earth's life changes over time through changes in the genes of populations of organisms in succeeding generations.​

Question 68

____________________ are random changes in the structure or number of DNA molecules in a cell.​

Question 69

A(n)____________________ includes an organism's range of tolerance for physical and chemical conditions.​

Question 70

Match the type of diversity with the proper choice below.
Oregon and Washington have wet,dry,and high elevation regions.​

A)functional diversity
B)genetic diversity
C)ecological diversity
D)species diversity

Question 71

Match the type of diversity with the proper choice below.
A wetland ecosystem cycles nitrogen as well as phosphorus.​

A)functional diversity
B)genetic diversity
C)ecological diversity
D)species diversity

Question 72

What is a misconception about biological evolution through natural selection?​

A) ​Humans evolved from a common ancestor with apes.
B) ​Adaptive traits allow organisms to reproduce at a higher rate than others.
C) ​Geographic isolation can result in species evolving in different directions.
D) ​Only genetic mutations that occur in reproductive cells are passed on to offspring.
E) ​Evolution explains the origin of life.

Question 73

Match the type of diversity with the proper choice below.
Coastal states in the United States typically have more ecosystems than land-locked states.​

A)functional diversity
B)genetic diversity
C)ecological diversity
D)species diversity

Question 74

Those species that normally live and thrive in a particular ecosystem are ____.​

A) ​keystone species
B) ​exotic species
C) ​native species
D) ​nonnative species
E) ​indicator species

Question 75

____________________ are mineralized or petrified replicas of skeletons,bones,teeth,shells,leaves,and seeds,or imprints of such items found in rocks.

Question 76

Mutations can occur in any cell type,however only those that occur in ____________________ are passed on to offspring,thus allowing for evolution.

Question 77

​Species diversity is important because ____.

A) ​ecosystems with high levels of species diversity tend to be more stable
B) ​if a few species go extinct,the consequences are not that long-term
C) ​it ensures that there's plenty of competition for niches,resulting in fitter species
D) ​functional diversity is lower when species diversity is high
E) ​it increases ecosystem diversity

Question 78

Match the type of diversity with the proper choice below.
Coral reefs are known for their very high number of species.​

A)functional diversity
B)genetic diversity
C)ecological diversity
D)species diversity

Question 79

The process by which an entire species ceases to exist is called ____________________.

Question 80

____________________ are changes in the DNA molecules of a gene in any cell that can be inherited by offspring.​