Deck 3: Principles of Pathology

Question 1

All of the following are organelles except:

A) mitochondria
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) ribosomes
D) leukosomes

Answer 1

D
All of the above are organelles except leukosomes.

Question 2

Etiology is defined as which of the following?

A) the study of the understanding of disease
B) the study of the socioeconomic facts of disease
C) the study of the cause of disease
D) the study of the stratification of disease

Answer 2

C
The study of the cause of disease is termed etiology.

Question 3

A malignant tumor of epithelial origin would be called a(n):

A) rhabdomyosarcoma
B) squamous cell carcinoma
C) osteoma
D) malignant angiosarcoma

Answer 3

B
Squamous cell carcinoma indicates a malignant tumor that developed from epithelial cells.

Question 4

Characteristics of malignant tumors include all of the following except:

A) They have rapid growth.
B) They are encapsulated.
C) They metastasize frequently.
D) There is frequent vessel invasion.

Question 5

Inflammation is characterized by: I.redness
II)warmth
III)swelling
IV)pain

A) I and II
B) I and III
C) II,III,and IV
D) I,II,III,and IV

Question 6

When was the microscope introduced?

A) sixteenth century
B) seventeenth century
C) eighteenth century
D) none of the above

Question 7

Cancers are broadly divided in terms of the malignant neoplastic process as:

A) carcinomas and sarcomas
B) carcinomas and myomas
C) hyperplasia and metaplasia
D) sarcomas and pleomorphic forms

Question 8

A malignant tumor of fat would be called a(n):

A) chondrosarcoma
B) Ewing's tumor
C) seminoma
D) liposarcoma

Question 9

Hodgkin's disease is a neoplasm that typically involves the _________.

A) brain
B) lung
C) lymph nodes
D) liver

Question 10

A(n)______________ is a term used to describe a protein that accelerates growth.

A) oncogene
B) tumor-suppressor gene
C) nucleoside
D) nucleotide

Question 11

The cancer of chimney sweeps identified by Percival Pott in mid-eighteenth century England was related to which of the following chemicals?

A) hydrocarbons
B) asbestos
C) arsenic
D) nitrosamines

Question 12

Which of the following would be a stage I?

A) T1 N0 M0
B) T2 N1 M0
C) T3 N2 M0
D) T3 N1 M1

Question 13

The three most common procedures used to make a diagnosis of cancer are all of the following except:

A) incisional
B) excisional
C) sputum cytology
D) needle aspiration

Question 14

Agents causing inflammation include: I.hypoxia
II)chemicals
III)ionizing radiation
IV)allergic reactions

A) I and II
B) I,II,and III
C) II,III,and N
D) I,II,III,and IV

Question 15

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a malignant tumor?

A) grows by local invasion
B) can be life-threatening
C) grows rapidly
D) malignant cells are encapsulated with fibrous tissue

Question 16

Which of the following is not a specific criterion used in the "T" category to determine the "T" stage?

A) firmness
B) depth of invasion
C) size
D) surface spread

Question 17

Which of the following is the most invasive procedure used to make a diagnosis of cancer?

A) recovery of exfoliating cells
B) fine needle aspiration of malignant cells
C) open biopsy of the tumor
D) retinoscopy

Question 18

Irreversible changes in a cell are indicated by all of the following except:

A) cellular swelling
B) nucleus appears fragmented
C) nucleus is enzymatically destroyed
D) upon staining,cell appears as a series of color alterations
E) none of the above

Question 19

The main difference between benign and malignant neoplasms is that:

A) Benign neoplasms grow by expansion and remain localized; malignant neoplasms grow by infiltration and metastasize by lymph or blood.
B) Benign neoplasms grow by infiltration and metastasize by expansion and remain localized.
C) Benign neoplasms usually are not encapsulated,compared to malignant neoplasms,which are encapsulated.

Question 20

The purpose of the staging system for cancer is:

A) to evaluate the degree of differentiation of tumor
B) to estimate the prognosis of the patient
C) to evaluate the degrees of malignancy
D) to estimate the geographical extent of disease

Question 21

The hallmark of reversible cell damage is cellular swelling.

Question 22

Homeostasis refers to a relatively constant or stable external environment.

Question 23

Extravasation is the accidental leakage of intramuscular administration of drugs.