Deck 16: Psychoanalysis

Question 1

While in psychoanalysis,the patient stops short of realizing the crucial event.This is called:

A)transference
B)catharsis
C)psuedomemory
D)resistance

Answer 1

resistance

Question 2

Which concept from Helmholtz's work did Freud borrow and apply to his psychological system?

A)unconscious inference
B)apperceptive mass
C)the conservation of energy
D)petites perception

Answer 2

the conservation of energy

Question 3

Who viewed humans as engaged in a perpetual struggle between rational and irrational tendencies?

A)Nietzsche
B)Goethe
C)Freud
D)both Nietzsche and Freud

Answer 3

both Nietzsche and Freud

Question 4

If during psychoanalysis the therapist develops strong emotional feelings toward the patient,____ has occurred.

A)resistance
B)transference
C)countertransference
D)anticathexis

Question 5

Freud preferred ____ as his method of treatment because,though it was more difficult to arrive at the original traumatic experience,once the experience was acknowledged it was available to the patient to deal with in a rational manner.

A)hand pressure
B)hypnosis
C)free association
D)electro-therapy

Question 6

Freud's final position on the sexual fantasies of his patients was that they were:

A)based on imagined sexual encounters
B)based on real sexual attacks that typically occurred during the patient's childhood
C)based on stories that the patients heard adults telling when the patients were children
D)unimportant in the therapeutic process

Question 7

What was the "third scourge of humanity" that Freud advocated for a time?

A)alcohol
B)nicotine
C)morphine
D)cocaine

Question 8

Breuer observed that every time he traced a symptom to its origin,it was usually a traumatic experience that caused physical symptoms.These were called ____ ideas.

A)pathogenic
B)apperceptive
C)complex
D)cathartic

Question 9

____ suggested a threshold above which an idea is conscious and below which an idea is unconscious and proposed a conflict model of the mind according to which ideas struggle for conscious expression.

A)Leibniz
B)Herbart
C)Schopenhauer
D)Brentano

Question 10

Which of the following was true of Studies on Hysteria?

A)the publication put forth a number of the basic tenets of psychoanalysis
B)Freud and Breuer wrote separate conclusions to the book
C)it was well received and its first printing sold out in a matter of days
D)the publication put forth a number of the basic tenets of psychoanalysis and Freud and Breuer wrote separate conclusions on the book

Question 11

Who discovered the processes of sublimation,repression,and resistance first?

A)Herbart
B)Leibniz
C)Schopenhauer
D)Freud

Question 12

According to Masson,Freud's major mistake was concluding that:

A)the childhood seductions reported to him by his patients were real rather than imagined
B)the childhood seductions reported to him by his patients were imagined rather then real
C)childhood experiences had no effect on adult personality
D)the medical model was better able to explain human personality than the psychological model

Question 13

In Studies on Hysteria,many basic tenets of psychoanalysis were presented.Among these are:

A)symptoms are symbolic representations of underlying traumatic experiences which are repressed
B)repressed memories are held in the unconscious because they provoke anxiety
C)fundamental to the idea is that the repressed experiences and conflicts do not go away
D)all of these choices

Question 14

At one point,Freud believed that adult hysteria was the result of an actual sexual incident that occurred in the life of the patient.This was called the:

A)seduction theory
B)theory of catharsis
C)theory of countertransference
D)Oedipus complex

Question 15

What happened to Anna O.?

A)she was institutionalized for the rest of her life
B)she went on to become a prominent social worker
C)she went on to become a famous psychoanalyst.
D)she married Josef Breuer after he divorced his wife.

Question 16

When a patient expresses emotions toward the therapist that once were expressed toward another person,this is called ____.

A)resistance
B)transference
C)countertransference
D)anticathexis

Question 17

The individuals who developed the psychology of the unconscious were interested in:

A)experimental design
B)understanding the causes of mental illness
C)the philosophy of science
D)substantiating the claims of the associationists

Question 18

Freud's original contribution to psychology was:

A)the concept of infantile sexuality
B)the analysis of dreams
C)the concept of the unconscious mind
D)the synthesizing of many known facts into a comprehensive theory of personality

Question 19

Who was among the first to suggest that mental experiences ranged from those of which we are aware to those of which we are unaware?

A)Schopenhauer
B)Leibniz
C)Nietzsche
D)Brentano

Question 20

Because Breuer found that Anna O.'s condition improved following the emotional release that came from expressing a pathogenic idea,his treatment was called:

A)countertransference
B)the cathartic method
C)transference
D)nondirective

Question 21

Freud believed that a male child's sexual attraction to his mother was:

A)the basis of all male hysteria
B)abnormal but could be easily treated
C)normal
D)not as abnormal as a female child's attraction to her father

Question 22

In dream analysis,displacement is when

A)instead of dreaming about an anxiety-provoking event,the dreamer dreams of something symbolically similar to it
B)one element of a dream symbolizes several things in waking life
C)we substitute our real desires for imagined ones
D)we forget our dreams after we awaken

Question 23

Freud concluded that every dream was a ____,meaning a symbolic expression of a desire that the dreamer could not express directly without experiencing anxiety.

A)transference
B)cathexis
C)wish fulfillment
D)anticathexis

Question 24

According to Freud,the ____ contains all instincts and is the driving force of personality.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious

Question 25

The collective energy associated with the instincts in the id is called the ____ and accounts for most human behavior.

A)reflex action
B)primary process
C)libido
D)eros

Question 26

According to Freud,when directed toward one's self,the death instinct manifests itself as:

A)suicide
B)masochism
C)general aggression
D)suicide and masochism

Question 27

If a phenomenon has two or more causes it is said to be ____,a concept which is very important in Freudian theory.

A)free
B)too complex to understand
C)overdetermined
D)abnormal

Question 28

Freud believed that the superego was influenced by:

A)free will
B)archaic rudiments
C)patterns of reward and punishment in a person's lifetime
D)archaic rudiments and patterns of reward and punishment in a person's lifetime

Question 29

Freud originally concluded that young boys tend to love their mothers and hate their fathers.This was called:

A)the Oedipus complex
B)psuedoaffection
C)parapraxal complex
D)cathartic complex

Question 30

According to Freud,what a dream appeared to be about was its ____ content and what it is really about is its ____ content.

A)manifest;latent
B)latent;manifest
C)primary;secondary
D)pleasurable;reality

Question 31

In Psychopathology of Everyday Life,Freud refers to minor errors in everyday living such as slips of the tongue,forgetting things,and small accidents which are called:

A)Parapraxes
B)Overdeterminations
C)Wish fulfillments
D)Thanatoses

Question 32

The ego is governed by the ____ principle.

A)pleasure
B)reality
C)primary
D)Oedipal

Question 33

According to Freud,both hysterical symptoms and dreams could be:

A)viewed as symbolic manifestations of repressed traumatic thoughts
B)discarded during the therapeutic process
C)taken at face value without needing to know what they symbolized
D)analyzed quite simply even by individuals with minimal professional training

Question 34

The job of the ____ is to match the wishes of the id with their counterparts in the physical environment.

A)superego
B)ego
C)ego-ideal
D)conscience

Question 35

The life instincts were referred to collectively as ____ and the death instincts were referred to as ____.

A)anxiety;thanatos
B)erogenous;cathexis
C)eros;thanatos
D)thanatos;eros

Question 36

Freud thought that it was important for a person to be an effective psychoanalyst,he or she needs to be psychoanalyzed.Who psychoanalyzed Freud?

A)Breuer
B)Charcot
C)Brücke
D)Freud himself

Question 37

The division of the superego called the ____ consists of the internalized experiences for which a child had been consistently punished,and the division called the ____ consists of the internalized experiences for which a child has been rewarded.

A)ego-ideal;conscience
B)conscience;ego-ideal
C)libido;eros
D)eros;thanatos

Question 38

All of the following are true of primary processes except:

A)they are irrational
B)they tolerate no time lapse between the onset of a need and its satisfaction
C)they exist on the unconscious level
D)they provide real satisfactions of needs instead of imaginary ones

Question 39

Who invited Freud to speak in the U.S.in 1909?

A)James
B)Hall
C)Titchener
D)Freud was never invited to speak in the U.S.

Question 40

Early in his theorizing,Freud differentiated among three levels of consciousness,which of the following is not one of the three levels?

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)subconscious
D)unconscious

Question 41

A male is disturbed by his homosexual urges,and decides to have numerous sexual encounters with women.According to Freud,this exemplifies:

A)projection
B)displacement
C)reaction formation
D)rationalization

Question 42

Freud believed all of the following except:

A)religion is an illusion
B)both science and religion result from the human tendency to create myths
C)humans will take advantage of their fellow humans any way they can
D)religious principles could be,and should be,replaced by scientific principles as guides for living

Question 43

Which of the following did Freud accept as evidence for his contention that his patients had been sexually seduced as children?

A)the intense emotion displayed by patients when such seductions were suggested to them
B)the denial of such seductions by his patients
C)both the intense emotion displayed by patients when such seductions were suggested to them and the denial of such seductions by his patients
D)neither the intense emotion displayed by patients when such seductions were suggested to them nor the denial of such seductions by his patients

Question 44

Which of the following best describes Elizabeth Loftus's position concerning repressed memories?

A)they exist more in the minds of psychotherapists than in the minds of patients
B)males tend to repress memories of childhood sexual abuse more than females
C)females tend to repress memories of childhood memories of sexual abuse more than males
D)recovering repressed memories of childhood sexual abuse should be the single most important goal of psychotherapy

Question 45

According to Freud,in order for the female child to resolve her Oedipal complex she must:

A)repress her hostility toward her mother
B)repress her sexual attraction toward her father
C)"become" her father and share her mother
D)repress her hostility toward her mother and repress her sexual attraction toward her father

Question 46

An ____ character tends to be generous,messy,or wasteful,while an ____ character tends to be stingy,orderly,and perhaps perfectionistic.

A)oral-incorporative;oral-sadistic
B)oral-sadistic;oral-incorporative
C)anal-expulsive;anal-retentive
D)anal-retentive;anal-expulsive

Question 47

According to Freud,a healthy resolution of the male Oedipus conflict occurs when the male child:

A)identifies with his father
B)identifies with his mother
C)identifies with both his mother and father
D)experiences castration anxiety

Question 48

By using the ego defense mechanism of ____,one sees the causes of failure and undesirable urges as "out there" instead of in one's self.

A)sublimation
B)projection
C)rationalization
D)identification

Question 49

According to Freud,a fixation on a stage of development occurred if needs were:

A)overgratified
B)undergratified
C)displaced
D)both overgratified and undergratified

Question 50

All of the following were positive contributions made by Freud's theory except:

A)it provided a new way of treating certain mental illnesses
B)it aided in the understanding of normal as well as abnormal behavior
C)it vastly expanded psychology's domain
D)it was one of the first psychological theories that allowed prediction instead of postdiction

Question 51

According to Freud,at any given stage of development,the areas of the body on which sexual pleasure was concentrated was called the:

A)G spot
B)erogenous zone
C)naughty part
D)thanatos

Question 52

Freud's theory has been criticized for all of the following except:

A)being nonrepresentative of the general population because Freud used his own patients as the source of data
B)it contained many concepts that are difficult to verify
C)its overemphasis on sex
D)its emphasis on neurophysiological mechanism

Question 53

In his effort to understand feminine psychology,Freud:

A)believed he was as successful as he was with masculine psychology
B)believed he was even more successful than he was with masculine psychology
C)essentially admitted defeat
D)concluded that masculine and feminine psychology were essentially the same

Question 54

____ anxiety arises when the ego anticipates that it will be overwhelmed by the id.

A)Objective
B)Neurotic
C)Moral
D)Existential

Question 55

____ is the fundamental ego defense mechanism because it is involved in all is the other defense mechanisms.

A)Sublimation
B)Projection
C)Identification
D)Repression

Question 56

For Freud,religion:

A)comes from the human feeling of helplessness and insecurity
B)keeps humans operating at a childlike,irrational level
C)is necessary for human growth
D)comes from the human feeling of helplessness and insecurity and keeps humans operating at a childlike,irrational level

Question 57

Freud believed that all ego defense mechanisms:

A)distort reality
B)utilize life and death instincts
C)operate on the unconscious level
D)distort reality operate on the unconscious level

Question 58

Freud considered such things as poetry,art,religion,and baseball to be examples of:

A)rationalization
B)projection
C)sublimation
D)reaction formation

Question 59

Based on his theory of development,Freud would most agree with the statement:

A)a person is what he or she chooses to be
B)a person is what he or she has been reinforced for being
C)the child is father to the man
D)a woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle

Question 60

According to Sulloway,all of the following were valid criticisms of Freud and his followers except:

A)they had a low tolerance for ideas that conflicted with their own
B)they claimed their opponents were displaying neurotic resistance
C)they were overly cautious about experimentally verifying their concepts before presenting them to the public
D)they tended to ignore the work that preceded their own thereby creating the impression that their work was original

Question 61

When a patient stops short of remembering a traumatic experience he/she is displaying transference.

Question 62

The male and female Oedipal complexes occur during the phallic stage.

Question 63

The id has two means of satisfying a need,reflex action and wish fulfillment.

Question 64

A major advantage of free association is that the patient is conscious of what is going on.

Question 65

Based on the text,describe two of the criticisms and two of the contributions of Freud's theory.

Question 66

One of the contributions of Freud's psychoanalysis is the method of data collection employed.

Question 67

As dream analysis developed it became a second way (along with free association)to tap into the unconscious.

Question 68

Discuss ego defense mechanisms.Choose three of the defense mechanisms and describe each.

Question 69

For Freud,aggression is a natural component of human nature.

Question 70

For Freud,the parapraxes are phenomena that occur during analysis such as resistance and transference.F

Question 71

Describe the basic components of Freud's theory of personality.

Question 72

Freud concluded that every dream is a symbolic expression of a wish.

Question 73

For Freud,we must first understand the workings of our minds,only then can we live rational lives.

Question 74

Both Nietzche and Freud saw humans engaged in a constant battle between irrational and rational tendencies.

Question 75

Describe some of the basic tenets of psychoanalysis put forth in Studies on Hysteria.

Question 76

As the child internalizes do's and don't's,he or she develops the ego.

Question 77

Discuss the antecedents of the development of psychoanalysis.

Question 78

A fundamental point of psychoanalysis is that repressed experiences or conflicts eventually go away without intervention.

Question 79

Breuer called his method the cathartic method.

Question 80

Ego defense mechanisms distort reality and operate at the preconscious level.