Deck 15: Kinesiology of Fitness and Exercise

Question 1

What are some changes that might occur in the standing posture in elderly people?

Answer 1

stooping, head forward, wide stance, kyphosis

Question 2

Describe the changes in standing posture that might occur in the following situations:
being a pregnant woman
carrying a loaded backpack
standing on the side of a hill

Answer 2

must shift position of trunk to maintain balance-all 3

Question 3

Discuss two reflexes which may play a role in the erect standing posture.

Answer 3

stretch reflex, extensor thrust reflex, righting reflex

Question 4

What is one of the possible consequences of marked postural deviations in alignment?

A) decreased circulation
B) stretching of the ligaments
C) imbalance of muscles
D) a decrease in tension
Short Answer Questions

Question 5

Which of the following partially characterizes the fatigue posture?

A) forward head and sunken chest
B) forward chest and sunken abdomen
C) backward tilting pelvis and shoulders back
D) lordosis and kyphosis

Question 6

Why might a toddler fall over when trying to stand while an older child has no trouble?

Question 7

What can be said about the existence of motion during a "stationary" stance?

A) there is no motion
B) there is slight motion forward and backward
C) there is slight motion side to side
D) there is slight motion in all directions

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true?

A) zig-zag alignment refers to the normal curvature of the spinal column
B) zig-zag posture occurs in the knees and hips in response to a change in position
C) zig-zag posture occurs when misalignment of one segment forces misalignment in the rest
D) zig-zag posture occurs primarily in the very young and the very old

Question 9

Which of the following is true of the joints in the erect standing posture?

A) all joints are in extension
B) all joints of the lower extremity are in extension
C) all weight bearing joints except the ankle are in extension
D) none of the above

Question 10

What will be the effect on the rest of the weight bearing joints and the spine if a person stands with the knees severely hyperextended, as in wearing high heels?

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true?

A) psychological state has no effect on habitual standing posture
B) there is a relationship between habitual posture and extreme emotional states
C) habitual posture is rarely influenced by emotional state
D) psychological state is unlikely to influence posture in most normal individuals

Question 12

In which muscles is the greatest muscular activity found in maintaining the erect standing posture?

A) the muscles of the foot
B) the muscles of the lower leg
C) the muscles of the thigh and hip
D) the muscles of the trunk

Question 13

Which of the following is most likely to be a causal factor in poor postural alignment?

A) increased muscle strength
B) decreased muscle strength
C) increased flexibility
D) decreased flexibility

Question 14

What is the action of the gluteus medius and minimus on the side of the free leg in standing on one foot?

A) supporting the thigh in the flexed position
B) producing inward rotation for balance
C) maintaining the position of the weighted leg
D) supporting the pelvis on the free side

Question 15

Which of the following defines the concept of "good" alignment in the standing posture?

A) must be broadly interpreted to fit a variety of individual differences
B) the alignment of all weight bearing segments
C) there are a set of bony landmarks that should align
D) the posture that requires the least energy is the best