Deck 17: Immunity and Infection

Question 1

Tears,saliva,and vaginal secretions are rich in ______ and other proteins that break down and destroy many microorganisms.

A)histamines
B)enzymes
C)macrophages
D)lymphocytes

Answer 1

enzymes

Question 2

T cells and B cells are the main types of

A)macrophages.
B)antigens.
C)glands.
D)lymphocytes.

Answer 2

lymphocytes.

Question 3

T and B cells help preserve the memory of certain pathogens in a(n)______ immune response.

A)acquired
B)imagined
C)natural
D)innate

Answer 3

acquired

Question 4

A microorganism that causes disease is a(n)

A)antigen.
B)toxin.
C)pathogen.
D)antibody.

Question 5

Microscopic hair-like structures that sweep foreign substances out of the lungs are called

A)ciliA.
B)phagocytic cells.
C)macrophages.
D)enzymes.

Question 6

One of the best ways to break the chain of infection is to

A)wash your hands frequently.
B)avoid disinfectant agents when cleaning your house.
C)get boosters for immunizations 6 months early.
D)drink only fluoridated water.

Question 7

The body's first line of defense against the invasion of organisms is

A)the skin.
B)cilia.
C)white blood cells.
D)fever.

Question 8

During which type of immune system response does the body's defense system remember previous infections?

A)acquired immunity
B)imagined immunity
C)natural immunity
D)adaptive immunity

Question 9

White blood cells are produced in the

A)brain.
B)bone marrow.
C)heart.
D)gastrointestinal tract.

Question 10

Vessels and organs that pick up excess fluids,filter out disease-causing organisms and other waste products,and return cleansed fluid to general circulation belong to the ______ system.

A)digestive
B)antibody
C)lymphatic
D)circulatory

Question 11

Swollen lymph nodes are an indication of

A)anemiA.
B)poor diet.
C)hemophilia.
D)infection.

Question 12

Macrophages act as

A)scavengers of worn-out cells.
B)healers of damaged cells.
C)vectors of pathogens.
D)destroyers of infected and cancerous cells.

Question 13

White blood cells that directly destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells are ______ cells.

A)helper T
B)suppressor T
C)natural killer
D)dendritic

Question 14

Chemical messengers released by immune system cells that help regulate and coordinate the immune response are

A)cytokines.
B)antibodies.
C)antigens.
D)histamines.

Question 15

An infection that travels throughout the body is called

A)transmitted.
B)lymphatic.
C)localized.
D)systemic.

Question 16

A type of white blood cell that engulfs foreign organisms is a(n)

A)antigen.
B)platelet.
C)vector cell.
D)dendritic cell.

Question 17

Antibodies have complementary surface markers that work with ______ like a lock and key.

A)histamines
B)antigens
C)T cells
D)cytokines

Question 18

Chemicals responsible for the dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels in the inflammatory response are called

A)histamines.
B)antigens.
C)antibodies.
D)lymphocytes.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a vector of disease?

A)contaminated soil
B)rats
C)ticks
D)mosquitoes

Question 20

A marker on the surface of a foreign substance that triggers the immune response is called a(n)

A)antibody.
B)pathogen.
C)antigen.
D)enzyme.

Question 21

A preparation of killed or weakened pathogens injected or taken orally to stimulate the body to produce antibodies is called

A)gamma globulin.
B)a vaccine.
C)an antibody.
D)immunoglobulin.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about the antibody-mediated immune response is correct?

A)Antibodies work against bacteria and viruses that reproduce inside body cells.
B)T cells carry it out without antigen detection.
C)Antibodies activate helper T cells and produce killer T cells.
D)Antibodies dissolved in body fluids bind to antigens and trigger responses to them.

Question 23

Key components of a typical asthma attack include all of the following EXCEPT

A)secretion of extra mucus.
B)inflammation of the airways.
C)spasms in the muscles surrounding the airways.
D)an anaphylactic reaction.

Question 24

Lynette has begun feeling feverish and has a sore throat.Which phase of the immune response is she experiencing?

A)incubation
B)prodromal
C)systemic
D)recovery

Question 25

When the body responds to a relatively harmless substance as if it were a dangerous pathogen and mounts an immune response,this response is called

A)passive immunity.
B)active immunity.
C)pathogenesis.
D)an allergic reaction.

Question 26

A serum that contains a variety of antibodies and is injected to provide temporary immunity is called

A)plasmA.
B)gamma globulin.
C)an antiviral.
D)immunotherapy.

Question 27

Lymphocytes that can get rid of cells of the body that have been invaded by foreign organisms are called

A)killer T cells.
B)helper T cells.
C)suppressor T cells.
D)memory B cells.

Question 28

The antibody most involved in triggering an allergic reaction is

A)immunoglobulin E.
B)gamma globulin.
C)a mast cell.
D)histamine.

Question 29

A disease in which an individual's immune system attacks his or her own body's cells is called a(n)

A)autoimmune disease.
B)acquired immune response.
C)antibody deficiency disease.
D)natural immune disorder.

Question 30

Lymphocytes generated during an initial infection that circulate in the body for years and quickly destroy that infection if it ever appears again are called ______ cells.

A)killer T
B)helper T
C)suppressor T
D)memory T

Question 31

A person who is exposed to a disease and is subsequently injected with antibodies produced by others has been given

A)active immunity.
B)passive immunity.
C)innate immunity.
D)natural immunity.

Question 32

Vaccines confer ______ immunity.

A)active
B)partial
C)innate
D)natural

Question 33

Cell-mediated immune response

A)is a function of killer T cells.
B)is a function of B cells.
C)stimulates the production of antibodies.
D)uses antibodies to recruit macrophages to help clean up.

Question 34

Meningitis is an infection of the

A)membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
B)bone marrow and lymphatic tissue.
C)alveoli in the lungs.
D)lining of the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT considered a common allergen?

A)pollen
B)viruses
C)molds
D)insect stings

Question 36

The substance that increases the inflammatory response and the secretion of mucus following exposure to an allergen is

A)immunoglobulin E.
B)histamine.
C)interferon.
D)anaphylaxis.

Question 37

Lymphocytes that stimulate other lymphocytes to increase are called ______ cells.

A)suppressor T
B)B
C)memory
D)helper T

Question 38

For which of the following diseases would one receive a vaccine made from a pathogen that was killed in the laboratory?

A)measles
B)mumps
C)rubella
D)influenza

Question 39

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies are called ______ cells.

A)helper T
B)B
C)killer T
D)suppressor T

Question 40

Immunization is based on the

A)body's ability to remember an encounter with a specific antigen.
B)body's ability to tell a harmful pathogen from a harmless one.
C)introduction of a pathogen into the body to stimulate antigens.
D)introduction of helper T cells into the body.

Question 41

Influenza usually causes all of the following symptoms EXCEPT

A)fever.
B)severe fatigue.
C)respiratory problems.
D)gastrointestinal distress.

Question 42

Which of the following statements about the common cold is true?

A)It may be caused by more than 200 different viruses.
B)It may be caused by exposure to cold weather.
C)It is most prevalent during the spring and summer months.
D)It may be treated with antibiotics.

Question 43

Streptococcus and staphylococcus are examples of

A)fungi.
B)bacteria.
C)viruses.
D)parasites.

Question 44

All of the following are childhood viral illnesses that have waned in the United States EXCEPT

A)mumps.
B)measles.
C)influenza.
D)rubella.

Question 45

Viral encephalitis causes inflammation of the tissue in the

A)kidney.
B)brain.
C)liver.
D)heart.

Question 46

Most contagious diseases are caused by

A)bacteriA.
B)viruses.
C)protozoa.
D)allergens.

Question 47

Which of the following statements about tuberculosis is NOT true?

A)It usually affects the digestive tract.
B)It responds to a long course of antibiotic treatment.
C)Most people infected with tuberculosis have latent infections.
D)It is typically transmitted via the respiratory route.

Question 48

Lyme disease can cause all of the following EXCEPT

A)fetal damage.
B)arthritis.
C)ulcers.
D)impaired coordination.

Question 49

Generally,antibiotics are useful against

A)influenzA.
B)colds.
C)bacteria.
D)viruses.

Question 50

Johnny has a red,sore throat with white patches on the tonsils,swollen lymph nodes,fever,and a headache.Which of the following bacteria caused Johnny's symptoms?

A)staphylococcus
B)streptococcus
C)mycobacterium
D)Escherichia coli

Question 51

Whooping cough is a respiratory illness cause by the bacterium

A)Escherichia coli.
B)staphylococcus.
C)Bordetella pertussis.
D)streptococcus.

Question 52

A vaccine is available to prevent infection by

A)influenzA.
B)rhinovirus.
C)Epstein-Barr.
D)hepatitis C.

Question 53

Rabies is most often transmitted by

A)animal bites.
B)contaminated food.
C)blood transfusions.
D)hepatitis infection.

Question 54

Which virus can cause irreversible paralysis and death in some infected individuals?

A)herpes
B)poliomyelitis
C)hepatitis
D)influenza

Question 55

Colds are almost always transmitted by

A)airborne respiratory droplets.
B)hand-to-hand contact.
C)coughing.
D)sharing food or drink.

Question 56

Most ulcers are caused by

A)tick-borne rickettsias.
B)Helicobacter pylori infection.
C)overconsumption of spicy food.
D)high levels of stress.

Question 57

Influenza is highly contagious and spread via

A)bacteria in open wounds.
B)respiratory droplets.
C)sharing food or drink.
D)hand-to-hand contact.

Question 58

A common bacterium found on the skin in healthy people but capable of causing infection if it enters the body is

A)streptococcus.
B)staphylococcus.
C)Escherichia coli.
D)spirochete.

Question 59

Hepatitis B is transmitted mainly by

A)casual contact.
B)contaminated food.
C)organ donation.
D)sexual contact.

Question 60

Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes associated with hepatitis is called

A)hemorrhage.
B)toxic shock.
C)jaundice.
D)impetigo.

Question 61

The two main types of lymphocytes are T cells and B cells.

Question 62

The use of over-the-counter antihistamines is a form of immunotherapy.

Question 63

Pathogens can enter the body through penetration of the skin,by inhalation,or by ingestion.

Question 64

Histamine production may cause congestion and sneezing.

Question 65

Killer T cells destroy body cells in order to kill a pathogen inside.

Question 66

__________ is a disease that may have first infected humans who consumed certain species of infected wildlife.

A)Hantavirus
B)New variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
C)Malaria
D)Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Question 67

Antibodies are produced by macrophages.

Question 68

Protozoa are associated with all of the following illnesses EXCEPT

A)giardiasis.
B)amoebic dysentery.
C)histoplasmosis.
D)malaria.

Question 69

If an individual has active organisms replicating in his or her body,he or she may be contagious before experiencing any symptoms.

Question 70

Anaphylaxis is a minor side effect of allergies.

Question 71

Warts on the hands are caused by infection with a type of

A)virus.
B)bacterium.
C)prion.
D)fungus.

Question 72

A severe worldwide outbreak of a disease is called an epidemic.

Question 73

Autoimmune diseases occur when

A)bacteria severely damage the immune system.
B)cancer creates an imbalance in the immune system.
C)the body erroneously recognizes its own cells as foreign.
D)a virus such as HIV destroys the immune system.

Question 74

Pathogens must invade the body's cells to cause symptoms.

Question 75

The fungus that causes yeast infections is called

A)Histoplasma capsulatum.
B)Candida albicans.
C)Coccidioides immitis.
D)dermatophyte fungus.

Question 76

Common allergens include dust mites,mold,mildew,and insect stings.

Question 77

Examples of autoimmune disease include

A)systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
B)rheumatoid arthritis and HIV.
C)cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus.
D)allergies and HIV.

Question 78

The largest organisms that can enter the body to cause infection are

A)bacteriA.
B)parasitic worms.
C)viruses.
D)protozoa.

Question 79

Which of the following infections is transmitted by a mosquito bite?

A)E.coli O157:H7
B)West Nile virus
C)Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
D)hantavirus

Question 80

Single-celled organisms that often cause recurrent diseases are called

A)viruses.
B)parasites.
C)protozoa.
D)bacteria.