Deck 10: Urinary System and Excretion

Question 1

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

A) excretion of metabolic wastes
B) maintenance of water-salt balance
C) maintenance of acid-base balance
D) maintenance of blood glucose levels
E) secretion of hormones

Answer 1

D
Explanation: The urinary system does not maintain blood glucose levels.

Question 2

What is located within the glomerular capsule?

A) the renal cortex
B) the loop of Henle
C) several collecting ducts
D) a knot of capillaries
E) the peritubular capillary network

Answer 2

D
Explanation: The glomerulus, a knot of capillaries, is located inside the glomerular capsule.

Question 3

How many openings are there from the urinary bladder?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Answer 3

C
Explanation: There are three openings of the urinary bladder--one for the urethra and two for the ureters.

Question 4

Which part of the urinary system is shared with the reproductive system in males?

A) bladder
B) ureters
C) kidneys
D) urethra

Question 5

How are excretion and defecation alike?

A) Both are carried out by the urinary system.
B) Both eliminate waste from the body.
C) Both are carried out by the digestive system.
D) Both involve the kidneys.
E) Both involve the colon.

Question 6

Each nephron has its own collecting duct.

Question 7

The urethra is controlled by two sphincters,one composed of smooth muscle and one composed of skeletal muscle.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a metabolic waste product?

A) urea
B) erythropoietin
C) ammonia
D) creatinine
E) uric acid

Question 9

The collecting duct of the nephron originates in what region of the kidney and extends to what region of the kidney?

A) renal cortex to the renal medulla
B) renal cortex to the renal pelvis
C) renal medulla to the renal cortex
D) renal medulla to the renal pelvis
E) renal pelvis to the renal medulla

Question 10

Which of the following is not part of a nephron?

A) glomerular capsule
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) loop of Henle
D) collecting duct
E) ureter

Question 11

The kidneys convert vitamin D and thereby assist calcium homeostasis.

Question 12

Which of the following organs of the urinary system is not present in duplicate?

A) bladder
B) kidney
C) ureter

Question 13

What are the walls of a ureter composed of?

A) skeletal muscle and mucous membrane
B) mucous membrane and fibrous connective tissue
C) mucous membrane, smooth muscle, and fibrous connective tissue
D) skeletal muscle, fibrous connective tissue, and cartilage
E) fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, and mucous membrane

Question 14

The kidneys help to maintain blood pressure by monitoring the pH of the blood.

Question 15

Why does urine have an acidic pH?

A) The kidneys filter and excrete H⁺ from the blood.
B) The kidneys produce H⁺ in the process of filtering the blood.
C) The blood has an acidic pH and the kidneys produce urine similar to the pH of the blood.

Question 16

The kidneys excrete metabolic wastes,including urea,a by-product of glucose metabolism.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a region of the kidney?

A) hypothalamus
B) cortex
C) medulla
D) pelvis

Question 18

The renal pyramids are located within the renal pelvis.

Question 19

The renal pelvis is continuous with the

A) renal cortex.
B) bladder.
C) urethra.
D) ureter.

Question 20

The urethra in females is much longer than in males.

Question 21

Approximately 99% of the water that is filtered in the glomerulus is reabsorbed.

Question 22

Why does glucose appear in the urine of a diabetic?

A) The volume of urine is too great to filter.
B) No glucose is filtered into the glomerular filtrate.
C) The kidneys produce glucose in diabetes.
D) The carriers for glucose reabsorption reach their maximum rate of transport.
E) The ascending limb of the loop of Henle secretes glucose into the urine.

Question 23

Which of the following does not filter out of the blood in the glomerulus?

A) plasma proteins
B) water
C) nitrogenous wastes
D) salts
E) nutrients

Question 24

What are the two ways substances are removed from the blood and added to the forming urine?

A) glomerular filtration and tubular secretion
B) glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption
C) tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption

Question 25

How is penicillin removed from the blood?

A) glomerular filtration
B) tubular secretion
C) tubular reabsorption

Question 26

Why do water and small molecules move from the glomerulus into the filtrate?

A) diffusion down the concentration gradient
B) glomerular blood pressure
C) active transport
D) secretion

Question 27

Parts of the nephron are lined with epithelial cells containing large numbers of mitochondria to assist in diffusion.

Question 28

Which part of the nephron contains podocytes?

A) distal convoluted tubule
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) ascending limb of loop
D) descending limb of loop
E) glomerular capsule

Question 29

The reabsorption of water in the kidneys always precedes the reabsorption of salt.

Question 30

Tubular reabsorption requires both passive and active modes of reabsorption.

Question 31

Substances that are nonfilterable in the glomerulus exit the nephron through the afferent arteriole.

Question 32

Place the parts of the nephron in order.1.ascending limb of loop; 2.descending limb of loop; 3.proximal convoluted tubule; 4.glomerulus; 5.collecting duct; 6.distal convoluted tubule

A) 4,3,2,1,6,5
B) 1,2,3,4,5,6
C) 2,1,6,4,3,5
D) 1,2,4,3,6,5
E) 6,4,1,2,3,5

Question 33

Which molecule is reabsorbed less than 50% during tubular reabsorption?

A) urea
B) water
C) sodium
D) glucose
E) amino acids

Question 34

List the three processes involved in the formation of urine in order.1.tubular secretion; 2.tubular reabsorption; 3.glomerular filtration

A) 1,2,3
B) 3,2,1
C) 1,3,2
D) 2,3,1
E) 2,1,3

Question 35

A nephron is a two-way system with glomerular filtrate traveling back and forth within the nephron.

Question 36

While glucose is filtered out at the glomerulus,none is excreted in the urine.What happens to the glucose?

A) It is reabsorbed at the distal convoluted tubule.
B) It is secreted at the proximal convoluted tubule.
C) It is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule.
D) It is secreted at the distal convoluted tubule.
E) It is reabsorbed from the collecting duct.

Question 37

In the analogy where the liver is like the sewage treatment plant,then the kidneys are like

A) the trucks that take the waste out of town.
B) the people who produce the waste.
C) trash cans where the waste is stored.
D) the trucks that carry the waste from the people who produce it to the treatment plant.

Question 38

Which molecule is secreted from the peritubular capillary network into the convoluted tubules?

A) water
B) salt
C) H⁺
D) nutrients
E) plasma proteins

Question 39

Which of the following does not assist the kidneys in excretion of nitrogenous wastes?

A) liver
B) sweat glands
C) muscles
D) blood
E) pancreas

Question 40

The kidneys interact with every other organ system of the human body in maintaining homeostasis.

Question 41

What effect does ANH have on renin?

A) it inhibits its secretion
B) it inhibits its production
C) it promotes its secretion
D) it promotes its production

Question 42

Which of the hormones involved in the regulation of water-salt balance is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A) aldosterone
B) renin
C) ADH
D) ANH

Question 43

Why is the urine yellow?

A) A breakdown product of hemoglobin is yellow.
B) Urea is yellow.
C) Uric acid is yellow.
D) Creatinine is yellow.
E) Renin is yellow.

Question 44

The kidneys are much more powerful than the acid-base buffer and the respiratory center mechanisms are in controlling blood pH.

Question 45

The inner medulla of the kidney is ____________ to the loop of Henle and therefore water leaves the loop at the descending limb and collecting duct.

A) isotonic
B) hypertonic
C) hypotonic

Question 46

After running a marathon,it is best to drink water to restore what was lost due to heavy sweating.

Question 47

An enlarged prostate gland can lead to kidney stones in males.

Question 48

The success rate for a kidney transplant from even a relative is fairly low.

Question 49

ANH is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary.

Question 50

What is an infection of the urinary bladder called?

A) cystitis
B) urethritis
C) pyelonephritis
D) hemodialysis
E) uremia

Question 51

What hormones regulate the reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal convoluted tubule?

A) creatinine and renin
B) renin and aquaporin
C) aquaporin and aldosterone
D) aldosterone and renin
E) creatinine and aldosterone

Question 52

Females are more likely than males to get urinary tract infections due to the short length of the urethra and the proximity of the anal opening.

Question 53

If your blood pressure is high because of increased blood volume,what hormone will correct this?

A) renin
B) ADH
C) ANH
D) aldosterone

Question 54

What effect does cellular respiration have on the pH of the blood?

A) It does not affect the pH.
B) It raises the pH.
C) It lowers the pH.

Question 55

In CAPD,what serves as the dialysis membrane?

A) the walls of the blood vessels
B) a filter inside the instrument
C) the kidneys themselves
D) the peritoneum
E) the pleural membrane

Question 56

Why do some people not drink caffeinated beverages right before bedtime?

A) It increases the flow of urine and causes you to go to the bathroom during the night.
B) It decreases the flow of urine and can cause kidney stones.
C) It may affect the ability to sleep but caffeine has very little effect on the urinary system.

Question 57

If you do not drink enough water,which hormone will the hypothalamus produce to regulate urine production?

A) renin
B) ADH
C) ANH
D) aldosterone

Question 58

What is one of the earliest signs of nephron damage?

A) burning upon urination
B) extreme pain
C) albumin or formed elements in the urine
D) the absence of urination
E) edema

Question 59

Why is the dialysate continually replaced in hemodialysis?

A) to maintain a favorable concentration gradient with the blood
B) because it is easily infected
C) because it enters the body and is absorbed
D) because it is lost by urination

Question 60

What is the normal pH of blood?

A) neutral
B) slightly basic
C) slightly acidic