Deck 3: Cells

Question 1

The primary structural component of a cell membrane is

A)a cholesterol molecule.
B)a protein molecule.
C)a phospholipid molecule.
D)an enzyme.
E)a sugar molecule attached to a protein.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The phospholipid bilayer of membranes allows lipids and small,nonpolar molecules to pass across membranes,but prohibits the passage of ions and polar molecules.This occurs because the phospholipid tails are

A)always saturated.
B)hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
C)always unsaturated.
D)hydrophilic and selectively permeable.
E)hydrophobic and selectively permeablE.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The three domains in the Woese system of classification are

A)Bacteria,Animalia,and Plantae.
B)Fungi,Protista,and Animalia.
C)Archaea,Eukarya,and Protista.
D)Monera,Bacteria,and Eukarya.
E)Archaea,Bacteria,and Eukarya.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

A phospholipid molecule

A)has a hydrophilic head that is repelled by water.
B)has hydrophilic tails that are repelled by water.
C)has a hydrophilic head that is attracted to water.
D)has a hydrophobic head that is repelled by water.
E)has hydrophobic tails that are attracted to water.

Question 5

How do cells avoid surface area limitations?

A)all of the choices
B)flattened shape
C)long and thin shape
D)transportation system that circulates materials inside the cell
E)many microscopic extensions

Question 6

Penicillin halts bacterial infections

A)by stimulating a person's immune system.
B)by damaging the cell membrane.
C)by interfering with the construction of the cell wall.
D)by causing the DNA of a bacterium to mutate.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 7

A cell membrane is not

A)a fluid structure.
B)a rigid structure.
C)a mosaic structure.
D)a bilayered structure.
E)composed of phospholipid molecules.

Question 8

The original three tenets of the cell theory are that

A)all organisms have DNA,DNA is the fundamental unit of life,and all cells come from preexisting cells.
B)all organisms are made of one or more cells,the cell is the fundamental unit of life,and all cells come from preexisting cells.
C)all organisms have DNA,all organisms are made of cells,and all cells produce proteins.
D)all organisms are made of one or more cells,the cell is the fundamental unit of life,and all cells have a nucleus.
E)all organisms are made of one or more cells,all cells contain DNA,and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 9

What type of membrane protein is involved in passing ions and polar molecules across membranes?

A)transport proteins
B)enzymes
C)recognition proteins
D)adhesion proteins
E)receptor proteins

Question 10

A eukaryotic cell

A)has a cell wall with peptidoglycan.
B)is usually smaller than a prokaryotic cell.
C)does not have membrane-bound organelles.
D)has membrane-bound organelles.
E)does not usually have a nucleus.

Question 11

Which component of the cell theory argues against life on Earth evolving from inorganic molecules?

A)All organisms are made of one or more cells.
B)The cell is the fundamental unit of all life.
C)All cells come from preexisting cells.
D)Cells are small in size.
E)All cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

Question 12

The scientist (scientists)given credit for adding the third tenet (all cells come from preexisting cells)to the cell theory is (are)

A)Robert Hooke.
B)Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann.
C)Rudolf Virchow.
D)Carl Woese.
E)J.Craig Venter.

Question 13

The theory of endosymbiosis is based on

A)the knowledge that ribosomes are structures found in bacteria,plants,and animals.
B)the experiments in which bacteria were grown in plant cells and formed chloroplasts.
C)the knowledge that chloroplasts and mitochondria resemble bacteria.
D)evidence from the fossil recorD.
E)similarities between chloroplasts and other organelles in animals.

Question 14

The scientist(s)given credit for first using the term "cell" to describe the basic unit of life is (are)

A)Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann.
B)Robert Hooke.
C)Carl Woese.
D)Rudolf Virchow.
E)J.Craig Venter.

Question 15

What type of membrane protein is involved in creating anchoring junctions between animal cells?

A)transport proteins
B)enzymes
C)recognition proteins
D)adhesion proteins
E)receptor proteins

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a beneficial ecological role of members of the domain Bacteria?

A)aid in digestion
B)decomposers
C)producers
D)pharmaceutical production
E)cause mitochondrial diseases

Question 17

The cell wall of bacteria

A)helps prevent the cell from bursting.
B)protects the cell.
C)All answers are correct.
D)contains peptidoglycan.
E)gives the bacterium a distinctive shapE.

Question 18

The scientist (scientists)given credit for formulating the "cell theory" is (are)

A)Robert Hooke.
B)Carl Woese.
C)J.Craig Venter.
D)Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann.
E)Antony van Leeuwenhoek.

Question 19

What does a pine tree,an octopus,and a bacterium have in common at the microscopic level?

A)nothing in common
B)nuclei
C)blood supply
D)cancerous tissues
E)cellular composition

Question 20

Why are cells called "the fundamental unit of life"?

A)All known organisms have one or more cells.
B)Earliest life on Earth is hypothesized to have been single-celled.
C)Some cells are separate living entities that can survive individually.
D)Cells are the smallest unit of life that can function independently.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 21

A structure found in prokaryotic cells,plant cells,and animal cells is a

A)cell wall.
B)chloroplast.
C)ribosome.
D)mitochondrion.
E)cilium.

Question 22

An organelle found in plant cells and some members of the kingdom Protista,but not in animal cells,is

A)a centriole.
B)a ribosome.
C)a cell membrane.
D)a lysosome.
E)a chloroplast.

Question 23

Cilia are not

A)found in the nucleus.
B)found on eukaryotic cells.
C)used for movement.
D)short appendages.
E)found on the exterior of cells.

Question 24

Which of the following are cellular digestion centers?

A)peroxisomes and ribosomes
B)lysosomes and peroxisomes
C)ribosomes and chloroplasts
D)chloroplasts and ribosomes
E)lysosomes and Golgi apparatus

Question 25

What is the advantage of keeping the surface to volume ratio high in a cell?

A)Maximizes the relative surface area to exchange nutrients,water,and waste.
B)Maximizes the relative surface area for cooling.
C)Provides more volume to store more organelles.
D)Provides more volume to store more nutrients.
E)Saves energy by making more membrane relative to the volume of the cell.

Question 26

The function not done in either the rough or smooth endoplasmic reticulum is to

A)produce proteins.
B)produce lipids.
C)detoxify poisons.
D)produce DNA.
E)form vesicles for transport to the Golgi apparatus.

Question 27

The most prominent organelle in most eukaryotic cells is the

A)endoplasmic reticulum.
B)nucleus.
C)ribosome.
D)nucleolus.
E)cell membranE.

Question 28

A junction that is a protein channel linking the cytoplasm of adjacent cells is called

A)a tight junction.
B)a gap junction.
C)an adhering junction.
D)an anchoring junction.
E)a microtubular junction.

Question 29

Which are recycling centers for the cell?

A)ribosomes and Golgi apparatus.
B)endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplasts.
C)mitochondria and nucleus.
D)central vacuole and lysosomes.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 30

Chloroplasts are known for all of the following except being

A)glucose factories.
B)responsible for respiration.
C)found in plants.
D)organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
E)found in some protists.

Question 31

Cells typically keep their surface to volume ratio low.If a cell was a cube and you doubled the height,width,and length of the cell,how much would the volume increase?

A)2-fold
B)8-fold
C)It would stay the same.
D)9-fold
E)4-fold

Question 32

The function of the nucleolus is

A)protein synthesis.
B)photosynthesis.
C)transport of material into and out of the nucleus.
D)assembly of components of ribosomes.
E)assembly of DNA.

Question 33

The Golgi apparatus is characterized by all of the following except that it is not

A)an organelle.
B)a processing center.
C)studded with ribosomes.
D)a stack of membrane enclosed sacs.
E)involved with secretion of cellular components.

Question 34

The main organelles and structures involved with milk production and secretion in their correct sequence are:

A)nucleus,nuclear pore,rough ER,smooth ER,transport vesicle,Golgi body,and vesicle for secretion.
B)nucleus,smooth ER,rough ER,nuclear pore,transport vesicle,Golgi body,and vesicle for secretion.
C)nucleus,transport vesicle,rough ER,smooth ER,Golgi body,and vesicle for secretion.
D)nucleus,nuclear pore,Golgi body,rough ER,transport vesicle,smooth ER,and vesicle for secretion.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 35

In most mammals,the DNA found in mitochondria is inherited from

A)the father only.
B)the mother and father.
C)either parent.
D)the mother only.
E)Mitochondria are not found in mammals.

Question 36

Flagella are not

A)found on prokaryotic cells.
B)found on human sperm.
C)used for movement.
D)found on eukaryotic cells.
E)a component of the cytoskeleton.

Question 37

A central vacuole

A)produces protein.
B)degrades molecules and organelles and maintains water pressure.
C)produces mRNA.
D)stores genetic information.
E)produces energy from food.

Question 38

A cytoskeleton is

A)a structure that aids in the process of cell division.
B)found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
C)a system of tracks used for transport.
D)composed of microtubules and microfilaments.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 39

Mitochondria are known for all of the following except that they do not

A)have their own DNA.
B)extract energy from food.
C)have two membranes.
D)have cristae.
E)carry out photosynthesis.

Question 40

Cells typically keep their surface to volume ratio low.If a cell was a cube and you doubled the height,width,and length of the cell,how much would the surface area increase?

A)2-fold
B)4-fold
C)It would stay the same.
D)9-fold
E)8-fold

Question 41

A wild duck needs a steady supply of energy to fly for hours and therefore has dark breast meat.Domesticated chickens rarely fly and therefore require less energy and have white breast meat.You expect to find _____ in the breast muscles of wild ducks than domesticated chickens.

A)fewer mitochondria
B)more cytoplasm
C)less cytoplasm
D)more Golgi apparatuses
E)more mitochondria

Question 42

In order for a milk protein to be secreted,its mRNA if first encoded into proteins on ribosomes

A)in the cytoplasm.
B)in the nucleus.
C)attached to the Golgi.
D)attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
E)attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 43

Eukaryotic cells are 10-100 times the size of prokaryotic cells.How do eukaryotic cells resolve the surface area to volume limitations that favor smaller cells?

A)They have pumps that move gasses and nutrients through the cell.
B)Movement of materials is prevented in cells without a cell wall.
C)Organelles keep reactions compartmentalized and concentrated.
D)Gasses are taken up by active transport.
E)None of the biochemical reactions in prokaryotes occur in eukaryotes.

Question 44

In muscle contractions ____ and myosin filaments slide across each other.

A)tubulin
B)actin
C)intermediate filaments
D)flagella
E)cilia

Question 45

You discover a new life form,and study it under an electron microscope.You find that it has no organelles,a peptidoglycan cell wall,and fatty acids in its plasma membrane.You conclude that the new life form is in domain

A)BacteriA.
B)Archaea.
C)Eukarya.
D)Protista.
E)Animalia.

Question 46

What type of microscope would you use if you wanted to examine the movement of a freshwater protist?

A)light microscope
B)transmission electron microscope
C)scanning electron microscope
D)light microscope and transmission electron microscope
E)transmission and scanning electron microscopes

Question 47

In a human,the intestines need to form a barrier to prevent bacteria and other microbes from moving into the bloodstream from the gut.What type of cell junction will prevent bacteria from moving between intestinal cells?

A)gap junction
B)plasmodesmata
C)anchoring junction
D)cell wall
E)tight junction

Question 48

Unlike most organelles,chloroplasts and mitochondria contain

A)only one membrane.
B)ribosomes,DNA,and double membranes.
C)DNA and cilia.
D)cilia and flagella.
E)singles membranes and ribosomes.

Question 49

You are working on a forensics team and collect cells from a crime scene.The cells have a cell wall made of cellulose.This sample most likely came from

A)an animal.
B)a bacterium.
C)a plant.
D)a fungus.
E)an archaean.

Question 50

How do human sperm move to find the egg?

A)with flagella made of microtubules
B)with contractile vacuoles
C)with flagella made of actin
D)with cilia made of microtubules
E)with cilia made of actin

Question 51

Which of the following do plants use to transport nutrients between adjacent cells?

A)tight junction
B)gap junction
C)plasmodesmata
D)anchoring junction
E)cell wall

Question 52

In the section "Investigating Life: Did the Cytoskeleton Begin in Bacteria?",what is the role of cytoskeleton proteins in prokaryotic cells?

A)cell movement
B)cell shape
C)movement of materials within the cell
D)component of the nuclear envelope
E)component of mitochondria

Question 53

Tay-Sachs disease is a neurological disorder in which a defective enzyme prohibits the breakdown of phospholipids called gangliosides.Enzymes that break down molecules in a cell are typically found in which organelle?

A)cytoplasm
B)lysosomes
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)Golgi apparatus
E)mitochondria

Question 54

Products of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are packaged in the ______ and sent to other locations in the cell or cell membrane in ______.

A)Golgi apparatus;mitochondria
B)Golgi apparatus;vesicles
C)nucleus;chloroplasts
D)chloroplasts;plastids
E)nucleus;plastids

Question 55

In order for a milk protein to be secreted,it must be moved between organelles

A)in spheres of lipid bilayer called vesicles.
B)by release into the cytoplasm.
C)All answers are correct.
D)attached to transporter proteins.
E)by the fusion of organelles with each other.

Question 56

Tay-Sachs disease is a neurological disorder in which a defective enzyme prohibits the breakdown of phospholipids called gangliosides.Where do gangliosides accumulate?

A)nucleus
B)cell wall
C)cytoplasm and cell wall
D)membranes
E)nucleus and cell wall

Question 57

In the section "Investigating Life: Did the Cytoskeleton Begin in Bacteria?",what fundamental question were the scientists examining?

A)Where did the cytoskeleton proteins of eukaryotes originate?
B)Where did the cytoskeleton proteins of prokaryotes and eukaryotes originate?
C)Where did the nucleus of prokaryotes and eukaryotes originate?
D)Where did the nucleus of eukaryotes originate?
E)Where did the nucleus of prokaryotes originate?

Question 58

When phospholipids are mixed with water their ____ are attracted to water and their ____ are repelled by water,forming a lipid bilayer.

A)hydrophobic heads;hydrophilic tails
B)hydrophobic tails;hydrophilic heads
C)hydrophilic heads;hydrophobic tails
D)hydrophilic tails;hydrophobic heads
E)hydrophilic heads;hydrophilic tails

Question 59

What type of microscope would you use if you wanted to examine the ridges on the outside of a larval mollusk shell?

A)light microscope
B)transmission electron microscope
C)scanning electron microscope
D)transmission or scanning electron microscopes
E)light microscope or transmission electron microscope

Question 60

What is the advantage of a mature red blood cell having a flattened shape rather than a spherical shape?

A)Their surface area to volume will decrease,making it easier for them to fit through arteries and veins.
B)Provides more membrane for the electron transport chains where oxygen is consumed.
C)Provides more sites for the membrane-bound hemoglobin molecules which transport oxygen.
D)Saves energy by making more membrane relative to the volume of the cell.
E)Maximizes the relative surface area to exchange gasses.

Question 61

Most living cells are small in size because they need a small ratio of surface area to volume.

Question 62

In the section "Investigating Life: Did the Cytoskeleton Begin in Bacteria?",scientific evidence suggested that some elements of the cytoskeleton may have originated in bacteria.

Question 63

Endosymbiosis is a theory based on the resemblance of chloroplasts and ribosomes to bacteria.

Question 64

Mitochondrial DNA in most mammals is inherited only from the mother because a sperm cell contains no mitochondria.

Question 65

What is the role of microfilaments in eukaryotic cells?

A)component of the cytoskeleton
B)provide strength during cell stretching and compression
C)anchor cells to each other
D)involved in muscle contractions with myosin protein
E)All answers are correct.

Question 66

All living things can be divided into one of three domains.

Question 67

All living cells have a cell wall.

Question 68

The cytoskeleton consists of microtubules,microfilaments,and intermediate filaments.

Question 69

Endosymbiosis is a theory based on the resemblance of chloroplasts and mitochondria to bacteria.