Deck 9: Language Development

Question 1

Helen Keller put a great deal of effort and work into making progress with her disabilities.As an adult she:

A)reached her plateau and was able to lead a simple life that was limited because of her disabilities.
B)appeared as though she would make great progress into adulthood but suddenly she regressed.
C)graduated with honours from Radcliffe, became a successful educator, and crafted books about her life.
D)tried to write books about her life but was unsuccessful.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which English-speaking adolescent would most likely know who is getting hit in the sentence "George was hit by John?"

A)One who understands syntax
B)One who understands displacement
C)One who understands generativity
D)One who understands morphology

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Alexander Graham Bell,the famous inventor,suggested to Helen Keller's parents that they hire a tutor named:

A)Sarah O'Malley.
B)Anne Sullivan.
C)Robert Jones.
D)Ann Fallwell.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Helen Keller's visual and auditory deficits were:

A)congenital.
B)caused by abuse.
C)psychosomatic.
D)the result of a childhood illness.

Question 5

The prefix "mono-" is a:

A)phoneme.
B)morpheme.
C)vowel.
D)consonant.

Question 6

Both the stories of the Wild Boy of Aveyron and the modern-day child named Genie raise questions about:

A)who would allow this to happen to a child.
B)what are the biological determinants of language.
C)what are the environmental determinants of language.
D)what are the biological and environmental determinants of language.

Question 7

The text points out that in the English language an adjective usually precedes a noun,whereas in Spanish,adjectives typically follow nouns.This creates difficulty for individuals trying to learn another language.A person familiar with various aspects of language would realize that the problem is the result of differential:

A)phonemes.
B)pragmatics.
C)syntax.
D)semantics.

Question 8

Language is made up of basic sounds called:

A)vowels.
B)syllables.
C)phonemes.
D)morphemes.

Question 9

Which term is semantically related to the word shrub?

A)Flower
B)Bush
C)House
D)Garden

Question 10

All the following statements about language are true except:

A)language is a form of communication.
B)language is based on a system of symbols.
C)language includes the description of past events and also plans for the future.
D)only the English language has infinite generativity.

Question 11

Basic sounds,such as "th," are called:

A)vowels.
B)syllables.
C)morphemes.
D)phonemes.

Question 12

_____ is the ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules.

A)Infinite generativity
B)Syntax
C)Phonology
D)Displacement

Question 13

How many morphemes are in the word farmer?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 14

The rules for forming acceptable sentences are part of a language's:

A)syntax.
B)semantics.
C)morphology.
D)pragmatics.

Question 15

The meanings of words and sentences is referred to as:

A)syntax.
B)pragmatics.
C)semantics.
D)phonology.

Question 16

A child learns how nouns,verbs,adjectives,and prepositions go together to form acceptable sentences.The child is learning:

A)syntax.
B)phonology.
C)pragmatics.
D)semantics.

Question 17

In 1799,a nude boy was observed running through the woods in France.The boy was captured when he was 11-years old.It was believed that he lived alone in the woods for six years.He was called the:

A)Lone boy from France.
B)Wild Boy of Aveyron.
C)Unknown child.
D)Wolf child from the woods.

Question 18

The sentence "The carpet walked with the girl to buy something at the store is":

A)semantically correct but syntactically incorrect.
B)morphologically correct but semantically incorrect.
C)syntactically correct but semantically incorrect.
D)pragmatically incorrect but semantically correct.

Question 19

Studies have shown that language is:

A)interesting but too confusing to learn.
B)highly ordered and organized.
C)highly unpredictable.
D)lacking in organization.

Question 20

The sentence "The mobile laughed at the baby until she cried" violates the language rule of:

A)syntax.
B)pragmatics.
C)semantics.
D)phonology.

Question 21

As an international businessperson,Deirdre,who already speaks Japanese,needs to be aware that in Japan numerous rules concern the process of thanking someone.Deirdre should take a class in the _____ of Japanese prior to her trip to Tokyo.

A)pragmatics
B)syntax
C)morphology
D)phonetics

Question 22

As with most 20-month-olds,David's language is dominated by:

A)echoing.
B)aphasia.
C)holophrases.
D)two-word utterances.

Question 23

Which is not an aspect of pragmatics?

A)Taking turns in conversation
B)Using polite language
C)Pronouncing your words correctly
D)Telling convincing lies

Question 24

Kiley most likely began waving bye-bye at what age?

A)6 to 8 months
B)8 to 12 months
C)12 to 14 months
D)15 to 18 months

Question 25

Infants are likely to utter their first intelligible word at about _____ months of age.

A)5 to 7
B)7 to 10
C)10 to 15
D)16 to 18

Question 26

Which is an example of telegraphic speech?

A)Pointing toward a toy
B)Saying "toy"
C)Saying "Mommy give toy"
D)Saying "Mommy please give me a toy"

Question 27

Two-year-old Maya has a vocabulary that includes the word car.How would she demonstrate the concept of underextension?

A)Use the term when she encounters any moving vehicle
B)Begin to use other words in its place, such as van
C)Use the word only when referring to her parent's station wagon and not to other cars
D)Begin to string the word together with other words

Question 28

What is the proper sequence for language acquisition?

A)Cry, babble, coo, first word
B)Babble, coo, cry, first word
C)Cry, coo, babble, first word
D)Coo, cry, first word, babble

Question 29

At a party,Dr.Henson encounters two of his least favourite individuals: Burt,who is always interrupting others,and Mick,who tells unfunny jokes.Dr.Henson could best help these two by teaching them about:

A)syntax.
B)pragmatics.
C)semantics.
D)morphology.

Question 30

When children learn to use their "quiet voices" in the library,they are learning rules of:

A)syntax.
B)semantics.
C)pragmatics.
D)phonology.

Question 31

The use of appropriate conversation and knowledge underlying the use of language in context is called:

A)syntax.
B)semantics.
C)pragmatics.
D)phonology.

Question 32

When children fail to use a noun to name a relevant event or object they are:

A)expanding.
B)recasting.
C)overextending.
D)underextending.

Question 33

The infant's spoken vocabulary rapidly increases once the first word is spoken._____ is a label that has been given to the rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary that begins to occur at approximately _____ months of age.

A)Vocabulary spurt; 18
B)Improvement; 12
C)Language; 15
D)Growth spurt; 12

Question 34

Two-year-old Gannon says to his mother,"I go park" to convey,"I want to go to the park." This language is called _____ speech.

A)telegraphic
B)holophrastic
C)egocentric
D)infant-directed

Question 35

Infants start using gestures,such as showing and pointing,at about _____ months of age.They may wave bye-bye or nod to mean "yes."

A)2 to 4
B)4 to 6
C)6 to 8
D)8 to 12

Question 36

Gina calls her doll "Dolly" but is unable to generalize this word to other dolls.This illustrates:

A)overextension.
B)underextension.
C)overgeneralization.
D)undergeneralization.

Question 37

Two-year-old Katya has a vocabulary that includes the word kitty.When she goes to a zoo for the first time,she refers to all four-legged animals with tails as "kitty." Kim's behaviour provides an example of:

A)overextension.
B)underextension.
C)telegraphic speech.
D)the holophrase hypothesis.

Question 38

Which word is least likely to be the first word uttered by an English-speaking infant?

A)Bye
B)Dog
C)Cry
D)Doll

Question 39

Grace has learned that when her parents are entertaining guests in their home,she is to use formal etiquette with the adults.What set of language rules apply to Grace's learning?

A)Syntax
B)Semantics
C)Pragmatics
D)Morphology

Question 40

The use of short,precise words to communicate in a minimum of two-word utterances is called:

A)overextension.
B)telegraphic speech.
C)a holophrase.
D)expanding.

Question 41

An example of a wh- question would be:

A)Where is Daddy?
B)Can I go with Daddy?
C)Can I see Daddy?
D)Did you look at Daddy?

Question 42

At about _____ years old,children develop a remarkable sensitivity to the needs of others in conversation.

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8

Question 43

Adolescents:

A)develop more subtle abilities with words.
B)have a slight slowdown in understanding words that lasts about two years.
C)will do better in understanding language when they begin to think abstractly at 18 years of age.
D)struggle with understanding metaphors.

Question 44

If 4-year-old Mary were to overgeneralize when making an error with a morpheme,which one of the following words would be an example?

A)Saw
B)Was
C)Falled
D)Turned

Question 45

_____ is the use of irony,derision,or wit to expose folly or wickedness.

A)Similarity
B)Satire
C)Metaphor
D)Vocabulary

Question 46

What approach to reading stresses that reading instruction should parallel children's natural language learning?

A)ABC approach
B)Drill approach
C)Whole-language approach
D)Basic-skills-and-phonetics approach

Question 47

Chall describes reading skills in five stages.Which stage below is stated incorrectly?

A)Stage 0: Children master several prerequisites for reading.
B)Stage 1: Children are in first and second grade and learn to read.
C)Stage 2: Reading is still not used much for learning.
D)Stage 3: Children have no trouble understanding information presented from multiple perspectives within the same story.

Question 48

During the _____ years,most children gradually become sensitive to the sounds of spoken words.They show this phonological awareness in such ways as noticing rhymes,enjoying poems,making up silly names for things by substituting one sound for another,and breaking long words into syllables.

A)elementary
B)primary
C)preschool
D)junior-high

Question 49

The whole-language approach supports that reading should be:

A)taught alone for its own sake.
B)focused on real-life materials.
C)integrated with other content areas such as science and social studies.
D)focused on real-life materials as well as integrated with other content areas such as science and social studies.

Question 50

Jean Berko is associated with an experiment where she used fictional words to help see if children could apply rules by not relying on past instances of hearing a word.This was called the _____ test.

A)fictional-word
B)tady
C)wug
D)recall test

Question 51

In regard to concerns about immature printing and invented spelling,which statement(s)is/are true?

A)These traits should be viewed as natural.
B)These concerns are very legitimate since children can continue on in life this way.
C)These concerns will lessen in the context of maintaining early writing and spontaneity.
D)These traits are natural and the concerns will lessen in the context of maintaining early writing and spontaneity.

Question 52

Which is the proper sequence for children's writing?

A)Scribbling, printing letters, distinguishing between features of letters
B)Scribbling, distinguishing between letters, printing letters, printing own name
C)Scribbling, printing letters, printing own name, distinguishing between letters
D)None of these

Question 53

Which of the following illustrates telegraphic speech?

A)"Down"
B)"Baa-baa-baa-baa."
C)"Daddy work."
D)"I want to go the store now!"

Question 54

During _____ years,a change occurs in the way children think about words.They become less tied to the actions and perceptual dimensions associated with words,and they become more analytical in their approach to words.

A)middle childhood
B)late childhood
C)preschool
D)both the middle and late-childhood

Question 55

Children who begin elementary school with a small vocabulary are at risk when it comes to:

A)paying attention.
B)making friends.
C)learning how to read.
D)sitting in their seats.

Question 56

_____ is an approach to reading that stresses that reading instruction should parallel children's natural language learning.

A)Phonetics
B)Keyword
C)Whole language
D)Back to basics

Question 57

Cody has learned the difference between a pickup truck and a semi-truck through a process called:

A)connection.
B)differentiation.
C)fast capacity.
D)fast mapping.

Question 58

_____ is an implied comparison between unlike things.

A)Similarity
B)Satire
C)Metaphor
D)Vocabulary

Question 59

When comparing the effectiveness of the whole-language and phonics approaches to reading,most researchers agree that:

A)neither approach is particularly effective.
B)the whole-language approach is most effective.
C)the phonics approach is most effective.
D)a combination of both approaches is beneficial.

Question 60

In terms of writing,adolescents are better at:

A)writing than children are.
B)organizing ideas before they write.
C)distinguishing between general and specific points as they write.
D)all of these.

Question 61

Which provides the strongest evidence for the biological basis of language?

A)The phonetic similarity between most languages
B)The fact that only human beings can acquire language
C)The consistent timing and order of language acquisition around the world, in spite of wide variations in the way adults interact with infants
D)The recent identification of a "linguistic gene sequence" on the eighteenth chromosomal pair

Question 62

A dialect is a variety of language that is distinguished by its:

A)vocabulary.
B)grammar.
C)pronunciation.
D)all of these.

Question 63

Which statement describes Broca's area?

A)It controls muscles involved in speech production.
B)It is involved in language comprehension.
C)It is found in both brain hemispheres.
D)It is the location of the language acquisition device.

Question 64

According to Noam Chomsky,we are born with a:

A)language deficit.
B)language acquisition device.
C)zone of proximal development.
D)mean length of utterance.

Question 65

Roger Brown (1973)challenged the behaviouristic explanation of language acquisition by pointing out that parents:

A)play no documented role in their children's acquisition of language.
B)contribute to their children's language development by genetic means.
C)often pay no attention to the grammatical form of their children's utterances.
D)imitate and expand upon the sounds and words produced by their children.

Question 66

The psychology club is sponsoring a speaker.The title of her talk is "The Prewired Nature of Language." This speaker is most likely highly supportive of the ideas of:

A)B.F.Skinner.
B)Catherine Snow.
C)Noam Chomsky.
D)Jerome Bruner.

Question 67

What strategy did Roger Brown identify as the "great word game," claiming that much of the early vocabulary acquired by children is motivated by this adult pressure to identify the words associated with objects?

A)Echoing
B)Labelling
C)Recasting
D)Expanding

Question 68

What area of the brain's left hemisphere is involved in language comprehension?

A)Broca's area
B)Wernicke's area
C)Temporal lobe
D)Parietal lobe

Question 69

When 2-year-old Latisha asked her mother,"Daddy goed to bank?" her mother replied,"Yes,Daddy went to the bank." What strategy did her mother use to enhance her daughter's language acquisition?

A)Echoing
B)Labelling
C)Recasting
D)Expanding

Question 70

After suffering a stroke,Chad has regained his ability to speak but still cannot understand anything that he is told.Chad most likely has a severely damaged:

A)right hemisphere.
B)Broca's area.
C)language acquisition device.
D)Wernicke's area.

Question 71

Child-directed speech is the kind of speech often used by adults to talk to babies and young children.Which is not a characteristic of this type of speech?

A)Higher pitch than normal speech
B)Simple words and sentences
C)Cannot be used until the child is 12 months old
D)Captures the baby's attention immediately

Question 72

When Doug drops his 1-year-old son off at the day-care centre,the child-care worker approaches the son and says in a high-pitched voice,"Does baby want to play with the ball-ball today?" This care worker is:

A)using child-directed speech.
B)expanding.
C)recasting.
D)echoing.

Question 73

Researchers have found that the quantity of talk:

A)that parents direct to their children is linked with the child's vocabulary growth.
B)is linked to the socioeconomic status of the family.
C)both of these answers are correct.
D)neither of these answers is correct.

Question 74

As Pam takes her 1-year-old son to the market,she identifies the names of fruits and vegetables as they walk down each aisle.What strategy is she using to help her son acquire language?

A)Echoing
B)Labelling
C)Recasting
D)Expanding

Question 75

When 13-year-olds Lisa and Alan use nicknames that are satirical and derisive they probably do so:

A)only to be mean.
B)to show that they belong to a group.
C)to reduce the seriousness of a situation.
D)to both show that they belong to a group and to reduce the seriousness of a situation.

Question 76

Broca's area is to speech production as:

A)Wernicke's area is to language comprehension.
B)Bruner is to language acquisition support system.
C)Chomsky is to language acquisition device.
D)Skinner is to reinforcement.

Question 77

Edgar,who survived a gunshot wound to the head,appears to have lost the ability to speak,even though he understands directions.Based on this description,you would most likely guess that the bullet damaged:

A)the right hemisphere.
B)Broca's area.
C)the language acquisition device.
D)Wernicke's area.

Question 78

Restating what the child has said in a linguistically sophisticated form is called:

A)recasting.
B)echoing.
C)labelling.
D)expanding.

Question 79

Who argues that children are born into the world with a language acquisition device?

A)Noam Chomsky
B)B.F.Skinner
C)Jerome Bruner
D)Roger Brown

Question 80

Gloria is reading a book to her young son.As they go through the book,Gloria points to the objects in the pictures and says things like,"This is a tree.What is it? A tree." Gloria is supporting her son's language development through:

A)recasting.
B)echoing.
C)labelling.
D)motherese.