Deck 37: Behavior and the Environment

Question 1

Optimal foraging theory predicts:

A) that animals will select the most nutritious foods.
B) that animals will select the best times to forage for the most nutritious foods.
C) that animals will select whatever foods are available to avoid traveling too far from their home range.
D) that animals will select food items that maximize their net energy intake per unit of foraging time.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Having information and responding in a manner that suggests thinking is an area of animal behavior called:

A) cognitive behavior
B) behavioral genetics
C) innate animal behavior
D) behavioral ecology

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Animals defend their territory,which is called territoriality.Territoriality means an animal defends:

A) its entire home range
B) a portion of its home range
C) only the overlapping components of its home range
D) all of its home range except the overlapped areas

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A goose attempts to retrieve an egg that is removed from the nest.This is an example of:

A) a sign stimulus
B) imprinting
C) a fixed action pattern
D) kin selection

Question 5

This behavioral ecologist pioneered study of seagull nesting behavior.

A) Lorenz
B) Tinbergen
C) Wilson
D) von Frisch

Question 6

Which of the following scientists studied ducklings and their reaction to him after hatching from their eggs?

A) Lorenz
B) Tinbergen
C) Wilson
D) von Frisch

Question 7

Animals navigate by using two senses.One is called map sense and the other is called compass sense.Map sense is ____________;compass sense is ____________.

A) the learned ability to move in a particular direction;an innate ability to adjust a bearing depending on the animal's location
B) the learned ability to adjust a bearing depending on the animal's location;an innate ability to move in a particular direction

Question 8

Intrasexual selection leads to:

A) the evolution of nesting activities between the two parents
B) the evolution of structures in males that are used in combat with other males
C) the evolution of bright plumages,for example,by males to attract females
D) the evolution of novel parental care possibilities

Question 9

Elevated levels of testosterone in male birds cause them to sing during the breeding season.The elevated hormone is considered a(n)______ cause of this behavior.

A) proximate
B) ultimate
C) behavioral
D) environmental

Question 10

A type of selection that favors altruism directed toward relatives is called:

A) kin selection
B) sexual selection
C) group selection
D) mate selection

Question 11

The following question addresses the three mating systems of animals.Select the choice that correctly describes each system.One male mating with one female is ___________;one male mating with more than one female is _________;one female mating with more than one male is __________.

A) monogamy;polyandry;polygyny
B) monogamy;polygyny;polyandry
C) polygyny;polyandry;monogany
D) polyandry;polygyny;monogamy

Question 12

Habituation and sensitization are simple forms of learning in which there is NOT an association between:

A) the stimulus and the response
B) the fixed action pattern and the sign stimulus
C) imprinting and classical conditioning
D) operant conditioning and cognitive behavior

Question 13

The appearance of an egg outside of a goose's nest is called:

A) an innate releasing mechanism
B) a fixed action pattern
C) imprinting
D) a sign stimulus

Question 14

Which is not correct about genetic effects on behavior?

A) In humans,the relative importance of genes versus environment is still debated.
B) In mice,the fosB gene seems to determine if a female will nurture her young.
C) Fraternal twins are a good model system to study the influence of genes on behavior.
D) When two species of lovebirds that differ in the way they carry twigs were mated,their offspring showed an intermediate phenotype.
E) Behavior can be influenced by genes that affect the neural circuitry within the brain.

Question 15

Young birds see objects flying overhead and respond by crouching down into the nest and remaining still.Over time,some objects become familiar and the young birds do not crouch down.This type of learning is referred to as:

A) sensitization
B) associative learning
C) operant conditioning
D) habituation

Question 16

A type of learning in which there is a decrease in the response to a repeated stimulus is:

A) operant conditioning
B) imprinting
C) conditional
D) habituation

Question 17

The simplest type of learning is called _____ learning.

A) associative
B) classical
C) nonassociative
D) operant

Question 18

If a scientist is conducting an observation on animal behavior,for example,how an animal's senses provide a physiological basis for that behavior,she would be asking about the:

A) ultimate causation
B) proximate causation
C) stereotyped causation
D) ethological causation

Question 19

During the mating season,male stickleback fish will respond to clay models with red bellies.The red belly:

A) is a fixed action stimulus
B) is a sign stimulus
C) is innate releasing stimulus
D) results in an operant conditioning response

Question 20

Which of the following scientists studied bees and their communications?

A) Lorenz
B) Tinbergen
C) Wilson
D) von Frisch

Question 21

When Pavlov's dog salivated after hearing a bell,this is called:

A) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) nonassociative learning
D) habituation

Question 22

Which type of mating system do most animals exhibit?

A) Polyandry
B) Polygyny
C) Monogamy
D) None of these choices are correct.

Question 23

Long range two-way movement behavior in animals is termed ___________.

Question 24

________ is altering behavior as a result of previous experience.

Question 25

Trial-and-error learning where an animal learns to associate its behavioral response with a reward or punishment is known as:

A) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) nonassociative learning
D) habituation

Question 26

Behavior can be defined as the way an animal responds to a ________ in its environment.

Question 27

Infants born blind will not smile or frown because they have never seen anyone exhibit these expressions.

Question 28

When green sea turtles travel over 1400 miles of open ocean to the Ascension Island,they are exhibiting:

A) map sense
B) compass sense
C) timely sense
D) direction sense
E) No one knows exactly how they do this.

Question 29

An innate ability to move in a particular direction is called:

A) map sense
B) compass sense
C) timely sense
D) direction sense

Question 30

Which of the following can influence reproductive success?

A) How long the individual lives
B) How frequently it mates
C) How many offspring it produces per mating
D) The genetic makeup of the mate
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 31

Ample evidence suggests that all animals respond to their environment through instinct and simple innately programmed learning and do not display cognitive behavior.

Question 32

Both theory and evidence strongly suggest that social behaviors are determined by genes.

Question 33

It is widely accepted that altruistic behavior has evolved for the benefits it provides the species as a group.

Question 34

A typical number of mates an animal has during its breeding season is known as the _______.

Question 35

An example of altruism is an animal alerting other members of his group that a predator is near even though it puts him in danger.

Question 36

When migrating,an inexperienced animal will rely on compass sense,while an experienced animal will rely more on map sense.

Question 37

The field of _____ focuses on the ultimate cause of animal behavior in natural conditions.

Question 38

As an animal matures,it may form preferences or social attachments to other individuals.This is referred to as ________.

Question 39

How far an animal will go to forage can be influenced by whether predators are around.

Question 40

Ethologist Konrad Lorenz raised geese from eggs and the first thing the goslings saw was him.Consequently,they treated him as if he were their parent and followed him.This is an example of:

A) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) imprinting
D) nonassociative learning
E) sculpting

Question 41

List three examples and give details explaining each regarding animal cognition.

Question 42

Discuss optimal foraging theory.

Question 43

Give an example for each of the following types of communication within social groups.Alarm calls;Alarm pheromones;Trail pheromones;Dance language.

Question 44

Discuss the difference between home range and territory.

Question 45

_____________ can be thought of as NOT responding to a stimulus.

Question 46

Selection that favors altruism directed towards relatives is referred to as _________.

Question 47

___________ is the performance of an action that benefits another individual at a cost to the actor.

Question 48

Discuss the benefits of mate choice.

Question 49

E.O.Wilson pioneered an aspect of animal behavior called ____________.