Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

Which of the following statements are true of the epidermis? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The entire epidermis is made of dead cells and is a very good barrier to pathogens.
B)Langerhans cells produce antibodies to foreign material.
C)Mitosis takes place in the stratum germinativum,the outermost layer.
D)Merkel cells are receptors for the sensation of pain
E)Most of the epidermal cells are keratinocytes.
F)The stratum corneum is made of keratin and collagen.
G)Keratin is resistant to chemicals such as acids.
H)Flaking of cells from the skin surface helps remove bacteria.

Answer 1

E,H

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true of vitamin D? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The stimulus for cutaneous production of vitamin D is the ultraviolet rays of the sun.
B)Cutaneous vitamin D is made from phospholipids stored in the skin.
C)Vitamin D promotes the absorption of calcium by the liver.
D)Vitamin D contributes to efficient immune responses.

Answer 2

A,D

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true of the cutaneous senses? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Most of the receptors are in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
B)The more receptors per square inch,the more sensitive the skin is.
C)Free nerve endings are only for pain.
D)Receptors for pressure and itch are encapsulated nerve endings.
E)These senses provide information about the external environment.
F)Receptors are most numerous in the skin of the palms and soles.

Answer 3

A,B,E,F

Question 4

The epidermis is the ____ layer of the skin and is made of ____ tissue.

A)outer/stratified squamous epithelial
B)inner/stratified squamous epithelial
C)outer/fibrous connective
D)inner/fibrous connective

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of the superficial fascia? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Adipose tissue has potential energy in the form of fat.
B)Areolar connective tissue contains many white blood cells.
C)This layer is a secondary line of defense for the body because it is just within the skin.
D)The mast cells in this layer produce histamine,which contributes to inflammation.

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true of sweating? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Sweating is most efficient when the humidity is high.
B)Sweating is an effective means of heat loss because water has a high heat of vaporization.
C)Sweat is produced by eccrine glands,which are most numerous on the trunk of the body.
D)Excess body heat evaporates sweat through the epidermis.
E)Sweat glands are unicellular glands that respond to environmental temperature changes.
F)Excessive sweating may lead to dehydration.

Question 7

The layer of the skin that is made of fibrous connective tissue is the:

A)dermis
B)subcutaneous layer
C)epidermis
D)None of these layers is made of this tissue.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true of the arterioles in the dermis? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Arterioles are able to constrict because of the smooth muscle in their walls.
B)In a cold environment,arterioles will constrict to bring heat to the surface to keep the skin warm.
C)In a warm environment,arterioles will dilate to keep blood and excess heat away from the skin surface.
D)In a stressful situation,arterioles will dilate to bring more blood with oxygen to the skin.

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true of melanocytes and melanin? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Melanocytes are found in the dermis,where they are protected from mechanical injury.
B)Melanin gives color to the eyes as well as to the skin.
C)Melanin protects living cells from the heat of direct sunlight.
D)Skin color is a genetic characteristic,and color darkens when the skin is exposed to infrared light.
E)The more melanocytes per square inch of skin,the darker a person's skin color.
F)A melanocyte that becomes malignant may give rise to a melanoma.

Question 10

Which statement is NOT true of the integumentary system?

A)It consists of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
B)It covers the body.
C)Some glands are part of this system.
D)It permits the entry of water to maintain body temperature.

Question 11

The part of the integumentary system that prevents entry of pathogens is the:

A)epidermis
B)dermis
C)subcutaneous tissue
D)eccrine glands

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true of the glands of the skin? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Sebum prevents drying of the skin.
B)Ceruminous glands open into hair follicles in the axillae.
C)The secretion of apocrine glands has an individual scent.
D)Cerumen lubricates movement across the skin.
E)Sebaceous glands open into hair follicles,especially in the facE.
F)Apocrine glands become more active in stressful situations.

Question 13

Which of the following statements are true of human hair and nails? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Hair on the scalp provides thermal insulation.
B)A fingernail is made of a very strong form of collagen.
C)Each hair has a small muscle that flattens the hair to protect the skin from cold.
D)Nails protect the proximal ends of the fingers and toes from mechanical injury.
E)Eyelashes help keep dust out of the eyes.
F)Fingernails are useful for picking up small objects.
G)Hairs in the upper nasal cavities protect the nasal sinuses.
H)A nail root or hair root is a site of mitosis.

Question 14

The layer of the skin that is made of stratified squamous epithelium is the:

A)dermis
B)subcutaneous layer
C)epidermis
D)None of these layers are made of this tissue.

Question 15

Which of the following statements are true of the integumentary system? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Functions of the system include immune responses and vitamin E production.
B)An important function is to separate the internal environment from the external environment.
C)Temperature regulation involves the arterioles of the epidermis.
D)The entire dermis is living tissue.
E)The skin is an organ,because it is made of different kinds of tissues.
F)Subcutaneous tissue is between the epidermis and the muscles.

Question 16

The dermis is the ____ layer of the skin and is made of ____ tissue.

A)outer/stratified squamous epithelial
B)inner/stratified squamous epithelial
C)outer/fibrous connective
D)inner/fibrous connective

Question 17

The outer layer of the skin is the ____,and the inner layer of the skin is the ____.

A)dermis/superficial fascia
B)epidermis/dermis
C)dermis/epidermis
D)epidermis/superficial fascia

Question 18

The part of the integumentary system that connects the skin to the muscles is the:

A)epidermis
B)dermis
C)subcutaneous tissue
D)mucous membrane

Question 19

The part of the integumentary system that contains sweat glands and sensory receptors is the:

A)epidermis
B)dermis
C)subcutaneous tissue
D)mucous membrane

Question 20

Which of the following statements are true of the layers of the skin? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The dermis contains fibrous connective tissue,which provides waterproofing for the skin.
B)The epidermis is made of stratified columnar epithelium.
C)The subcutaneous tissue is directly external to the dermis.
D)The dermis contains elastic connective tissue that provides recoil when the skin is stretched.
E)The papillary layer of the dermis contains capillaries to nourish the stratum corneum.
F)The epidermis is thickest on the palms and soles.

Question 21

The protein in the epidermis that prevents water loss is:

A)melanin
B)keratin
C)collagen
D)elastin

Question 22

The cells in the epidermis that are capable of phagocytosis are:

A)Langerhans cells
B)keratinocytes
C)melanocytes
D)Merkel cells

Question 23

Prevention of water loss is a function of the:

A)stratum germinativum
B)dermis
C)stratum corneum
D)subcutaneous tissue

Question 24

Which statement is NOT true of the skin?

A)Collagen provides strength to the epidermis.
B)The epidermis is the outer layer.
C)Stratified squamous epithelium forms the epidermis.
D)The dermis is external to the subcutaneous tissue.

Question 25

Collagen and elastin are the major proteins of:

A)the epidermis
B)the dermis
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and the subcutaneous tissue

Question 26

The part of a cow's integument that we know as leather is:

A)the epidermis
B)the dermis
C)the subcutaneous tissue
D)all of these

Question 27

The primary function of the stratum germinativum is:

A)osmosis
B)mitosis
C)absorption
D)protection

Question 28

The Langerhans cells of the integumentary system are important for:

A)skin coloration
B)defense against pathogens
C)detecting changes in the external environment
D)repair of minor breaks in the skin

Question 29

The functions of the stratum corneum include all of these except:

A)prevention of water loss
B)prevention of sunburn
C)prevention of the entry of water
D)prevention of the entry of bacteria and chemicals

Question 30

In the skin,mitosis takes place continuously in the:

A)stratum corneum,to produce new epidermis
B)stratum corneum,to produce new dermis
C)stratum germinativum,to produce new dermis
D)stratum germinativum,to produce new epidermis

Question 31

Defensive cells in the integumentary system include subcutaneous WBCs and:

A)Langerhans cells in the epidermis
B)adipocytes in the dermis
C)melanocytes in the epidermis
D)keratinocytes in the dermis

Question 32

The protein that enables the dermis to stretch and recoil is:

A)keratin
B)collagen
C)elastin
D)All of these permit stretching and recoiling.

Question 33

The stratum corneum is made of layers of cells that:

A)undergo mitosis
B)are producing keratin
C)are producing collagen
D)are dead

Question 34

The protein that provides strength to the dermis is:

A)keratin
B)collagen
C)elastin
D)All of these provide strength.

Question 35

The function of keratin is:

A)to prevent the entry of water
B)to prevent the entry of pathogens
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and to prevent the loss of water

Question 36

The major proteins of the dermis are:

A)keratin and collagen
B)collagen and melanin
C)melanin and elastin
D)elastin and collagen

Question 37

In the skin,mitosis takes place continuously in:

A)the stratum germinativum
B)the stratum corneum
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 38

Prevention of the entry of pathogens is a function of the:

A)stratum corneum
B)stratum germinativum
C)dermis
D)subcutaneous tissue

Question 39

The primary function of the stratum germinativum is:

A)osmosis,to prevent water loss
B)mitosis,to produce new dermis
C)osmosis,to contribute to sweating
D)mitosis,to produce new epidermis

Question 40

Which statement is NOT true of the epidermis?

A)Meiosis takes place in the stratum germinativum.
B)The cells die as they are pushed toward the surface.
C)Langerhans cells bring pathogens to lymph nodes.
D)The epidermis has no capillaries of its own and must rely on those of the dermis.

Question 41

Which statement is NOT true of the stratum corneum?

A)The cells are called keratinocytes.
B)Keratin prevents movement of most water in or out.
C)The stratum corneum is made of one layer of dead cells.
D)The cells die after they produce keratin.

Question 42

All of the following are made of keratin except the:

A)pigment of the skin
B)fingernails and toenails
C)stratum corneum
D)hair shafts

Question 43

Encapsulated nerve endings in the skin are the receptors for:

A)touch,pressure,and pain
B)heat,cold,pressure,and pain
C)touch and pressure
D)cold and pain

Question 44

Which of these is NOT a function of human hair?

A)keeping dust out of the eyes
B)insulating the hands from cold
C)insulating the head from cold
D)keeping dust out of the nasal passages

Question 45

A nail follicle:

A)has its base in the dermis
B)has a nail root that undergoes mitosis
C)has cells that produce keratin before they die
D)all of these

Question 46

Melanocytes produce ____ when stimulated by ____.

A)melanin/UV rays
B)keratin/pressure
C)melanin/pressure
D)keratin/UV rays

Question 47

The activity of melanocytes is determined by:

A)genetics
B)exposure to the sun
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and by the helper keratinocytes

Question 48

Which statement is NOT true of the cutaneous senses?

A)Most of the receptors are in the dermis of the skin.
B)Cutaneous senses provide information about changes in the external environment.
C)The receptors for pressure are encapsulated nerve endings.
D)The fingertips are very sensitive to touch because there are few receptors there.

Question 49

Melanin gives color to the epidermis and also to:

A)the hair
B)the iris of the eye
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and to the dermis

Question 50

The cutaneous receptors may be stimulated internally by:

A)the chickenpox virus
B)a mosquito bite
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and by poison ivy

Question 51

Ultraviolet rays of the sun stimulate production of ____ in the skin.

A)keratin
B)collagen
C)melanin
D)all of these

Question 52

The cutaneous receptors for pain are:

A)free nerve endings in the dermis
B)free nerve endings of Langerhans cells
C)encapsulated nerve endings in the dermis
D)encapsulated nerve endings in the epidermis

Question 53

The function of melanin is to protect living skin layers from more:

A)pressure
B)friction
C)UV rays
D)color

Question 54

Which statement is NOT true of human nails?

A)They are formed in follicles.
B)They protect the ends of the fingers and toes from mechanical injury.
C)They enable the fingers to pick up small objects.
D)The visible part of the nail is made of collagen.

Question 55

The cells that produce pigment for the skin and hair are called:

A)fibroblasts
B)melanocytes
C)squamous cells
D)dermal cells

Question 56

Drying of the skin and hair is prevented by:

A)serous fluid from serous glands
B)sebum from sebaceous glands
C)cerumen from ceruminous glands
D)sweat from apocrine glands

Question 57

Free nerve endings in the skin are the receptors for:

A)pressure,pain,and itch
B)pain,cold,and pressure
C)touch,pressure,and pain
D)heat,cold,itch,and pain

Question 58

Which statement is NOT true of melanocytes?

A)They are found in the epidermis.
B)They give color to the hair and nails.
C)The melanin they produce protects living skin from UV rays.
D)The production of melanin is,in part,a genetic characteristic.

Question 59

Which statement is NOT true of human hair?

A)The hair root undergoes mitosis.
B)A hair is formed in a structure called a follicle.
C)All human hair grows continuously.
D)The hair shaft is made of keratin.

Question 60

A hair follicle:

A)has its base in the dermis
B)has a hair root at its base
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and has a pilomotor muscle that can pull the follicle upright

Question 61

In a warm environment,the arterioles in the dermis will:

A)dilate to lose heat
B)constrict to lose heat
C)constrict to conserve heat
D)dilate to conserve heat

Question 62

Drying of the eardrum is prevented by:

A)serous fluid from serous glands
B)sebum from sebaceous glands
C)cerumen from ceruminous glands
D)sweat from apocrine glands

Question 63

Vasoconstriction in the dermis is important to:

A)increase heat loss in a warm environment
B)conserve heat in a warm environment
C)increase heat loss in a cold environment
D)conserve heat in a cold environment

Question 64

Which statement is NOT true of the arterioles in the dermis?

A)Vasodilation increases blood flow.
B)Vasoconstriction occurs in cold weather.
C)Vasodilation occurs in stress situations.
D)Vasoconstriction decreases blood flow.

Question 65

The vitamin produced in the skin is:

A)vitamin D,made from cholesterol
B)vitamin C,made from keratin
C)vitamin D,made from keratin
D)vitamin C,made from cholesterol

Question 66

The process by which sweating promotes loss of excess body heat is:

A)osmosis of sweat
B)evaporation of sweat
C)secretion of sweat
D)filtration of sweat

Question 67

The function of sebum is:

A)to inhibit the growth of bacteria on the skin
B)to prevent drying of the skin
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and to help permit gripping by the palms

Question 68

The function of cerumen is to:

A)prevent drying of the eardrum
B)prevent drying of the hair
C)permit gripping by the palms
D)prevent friction on the skin

Question 69

A function of sebum is to:

A)promote osmosis
B)nourish the stratum corneum
C)prevent mechanical injury
D)prevent drying of the skin and hair

Question 70

The growth of bacteria on the skin surface is inhibited by:

A)keratin
B)sweat
C)sebum
D)melanin

Question 71

In a stressful situation,the arterioles in the dermis will:

A)dilate to keep blood in the skin for sweating
B)constrict to permit blood to flow to more vital organs
C)dilate to permit blood to flow to more vital organs
D)constrict to prevent sweating

Question 72

The glands in the dermis that are most important for temperature regulation are the:

A)apocrine glands
B)sebaceous glands
C)serous glands
D)eccrine glands

Question 73

In a cold environment,the arterioles in the dermis will:

A)dilate to lose heat
B)constrict to lose heat
C)constrict to conserve heat
D)dilate to conserve heat

Question 74

Blood flow through the dermis of the skin is increased by:

A)vasoconstriction in cold weather
B)vasoconstriction in hot weather
C)vasodilation in hot weather
D)vasodilation in cold weather

Question 75

Vasodilation in the dermis is important to:

A)increase heat loss in a warm environment
B)conserve heat in a warm environment
C)increase heat loss in a cold environment
D)conserve heat in a cold environment

Question 76

Blood flow through the dermis of the skin is decreased by:

A)vasoconstriction in cold weather
B)vasoconstriction in hot weather
C)vasodilation in hot weather
D)vasodilation in cold weather

Question 77

Blood flow through the dermis of the skin is:

A)increased by vasodilation in hot weather
B)decreased by vasodilation in cold weather
C)increased by vasoconstriction in cold weather
D)decreased by vasoconstriction in hot weather

Question 78

Which statement is NOT true of the glands of the skin?

A)Their secretory portions are found in the dermis.
B)Apocrine glands are found in the axillae.
C)Only the sebaceous glands have ducts.
D)Ceruminous glands are found in the skin of the ear canal.

Question 79

Which statement is NOT true of eccrine sweat glands?

A)They are activated only by external warmth.
B)They are numerous in the palms and soles.
C)Their secretory portions are coiled tubes.
D)Excessive sweating may lead to dehydration.

Question 80

A potentially serious consequence of profuse sweating is:

A)a fever
B)dehydration
C)an abnormally low body temperature
D)an infection