Deck 5: Health-Compromising Behaviors

Question 1

_____ is presently the most severe problem in the United States.

A)Alcoholism
B)Smoking
C)Anorexia
D)Obesity

Answer 1

Obesity

Question 2

Alcohol abuse and smoking share a window of vulnerability especially during _____.

A)adolescence
B)adulthood
C)middle age
D)old age

Answer 2

adolescence

Question 3

_____ is a process by which the body increasingly adapts to the use of a substance, requiring larger and larger doses of it to obtain the same effects, and eventually reaching a plateau.

A)Withdrawal
B)Tolerance
C)Metacognition
D)Relapse

Answer 3

Tolerance

Question 4

_____ is an especially potent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.

A)Abdominally localized fat
B)Localized fat in the hips
C)Fat in the thighs
D)Fat in the buttocks

Question 5

Many obese people have high _____ which promotes overeating due to increased hunger.

A)dopamine levels
B)serotonin levels
C)basal insulin levels
D)estrogen levels

Question 6

Individuals who are obese have a body mass index (BMI) of _____.

A)over 15
B)over 20
C)over 25
D)over 30

Question 7

Fat should ideally constitute about _____ percent of body tissue in women.

A)30-37
B)6-13
C)15-22
D)20-27

Question 8

Fat tissues produce _____ that exacerbate diseases related to inflammatory processes.

A)carotenaemia
B)proinflammatory cytokines
C)inflammatory smears
D)keratin

Question 9

Health compromising behaviors usually cluster and emerge during _____.

A)adolescence
B)adulthood
C)middle age
D)old age

Question 10

Which of the following characteristics is usually exhibited by anorexics?

A)Lack of control
B)Subservient behavior
C)Disregard for approval
D)Excessive self-control

Question 11

Overweight is defined as greater than or equal to the _____ percentile of age and sex-specific BMI.

A)80^th
B)85^th
C)95^th
D)90^th

Question 12

Monica is extremely concerned about her weight, she is influenced by TV shows and magazines that portray women with supposedly good figures, and she has a flawed perception of most women's actual and ideal weight.These symptoms are a likely cause of which of the following disorders?

A)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)Binge eating
C)Anorexia nervosa
D)Anxiety disorder

Question 13

In a _____ surgery an adjustable gastric band is inserted surgically around the top of the stomach to create a small pouch in the upper stomach to reduce the stomach's capacity to take in food.

A)lumbar fusion
B)lap band
C)lobectomy
D)mastectomy

Question 14

Women between the ages of _____ are most likely to be suffering from eating disorders.

A)45-54
B)35-44
C)25-34
D)15-24

Question 15

_____ is secreted by specialized cells in the stomach that stimulate hunger.

A)Ghrelin
B)Leptin
C)Collagen
D)Dopamine

Question 16

Binge eating is usually triggered by:

A)negative emotions produced by stressful experiences.
B)excessive smoking habits.
C)hunger splurges in anorexic individuals.
D)collagen that is produced in the cells of the stomach.

Question 17

Obesity is a chief cause of _____.

A)lung cancer
B)memory loss
C)disability
D)drug abuse

Question 18

John has been a chain smoker for the past ten years.He quit a week ago, and since then he has been fighting the urge to smoke again.It is especially difficult for him to abstain when he is around other smokers.This is an example of _____.

A)addiction
B)tolerance
C)craving
D)withdrawal

Question 19

Obesity depends on both the number and size of fat cells, and moderately obese people are said to have:

A)a large number of small fat cells.
B)a limited number of small fat cells.
C)a large number of large fat cells.
D)a limited number of large fat cells.

Question 20

_____ is secreted by fat cells that signal the neurons of the hypothalamus to determine if the body has sufficient stores of fat.

A)Dopamine
B)Collagen
C)Leptin
D)Ghrelin

Question 21

_____ is the single greatest cause of preventable death.

A)Obesity
B)Alcoholism
C)Anorexia
D)Smoking

Question 22

The first _____ on smoking from the U.S.Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and U.S.Public Health Service was published in 1964.

A)consumer report
B)emergency medical journal
C)surgeon general's report
D)National Healthcare Quality Report

Question 23

Maxwell is a smoker.He works long hours for a low pay, and has a considerable amount of stress at work.He also suffers from high cholesterol and blood pressure.The doctor suspects that Maxwell's problems may be related to his smoking habit.This is called the ____ effects of smoking.

A)instantaneous
B)extraneous
C)converse
D)synergistic

Question 24

Evaluations of alcohol prevention programs for adolescents suggest that such programs:

A)are expensive and ineffective.
B)enhance participants' sense of self-efficacy.
C)have little influence on individuals ability to resist peer pressure.
D)rarely impact the social norms associated with the onset of drinking.

Question 25

Identifying oneself as a smoker:

A)reduces the chances of getting addicted to any other substance.
B)increases an individual's self-esteem.
C)increases the chances of being a quitter.
D)impedes the ability to quit smoking.

Question 26

The occurrence of a major stressful event within the first _____ days after treatment can trigger relapse among apparently recovered alcoholics.

A)30
B)60
C)90
D)120

Question 27

In the United States, the most common cause of smoking-related mortality is _____.

A)liver cirrhosis
B)heart disease
C)lung cancer
D)stroke

Question 28

Individuals who possess genes that regulate the functioning of _____ are likely candidates for inheriting smoking influences.

A)pentose
B)dopamine
C)nucleophile
D)allele

Question 29

Which of the following best describes placebo drinking?

A)Consuming five or more drinks on the same day for at least three days in a week
B)Drinking with the primary aim of getting others in a group heavily intoxicated
C)Consuming non-alcoholic beverages
D)Drinking once every six months with an intention to get intoxicated

Question 30

_____ is required to complement formal alcohol intervention efforts so more people can receive formal treatment.

A)Collaborative therapy
B)Social engineering
C)Transactional analysis
D)Theraplay

Question 31

The first phase of treatment for alcoholics begins with _____.

A)follow-up
B)maintenance of sobriety
C)detoxification
D)rehabilitation

Question 32

Individuals usually begin drinking to:

A)decrease their self-esteem.
B)improve their cognitive functioning.
C)avoid social occasions.
D)enhance positive emotions.

Question 33

Alcohol treatment programs are more successful with:

A)people from low socio-economic statuses.
B)people from high socio-economic statuses.
C)female clients.
D)juvenile delinquents.

Question 34

Which of the following components, if included, can produce up to a 40% treatment success rate for alcoholism?

A)Excluding relatives and employers from the treatment process
B)Increasing the length of participation
C)Avoiding environmental factors that may elicit drinking behavior
D)Instilling coping skills to manage environmental pressures

Question 35

Late-onset problem drinkers are:

A)less likely to control their drinking on their own.
B)less likely to be successfully treated.
C)more likely to control their drinking on their own.
D)more likely to use alcohol as a coping method for managing stress.

Question 36

A meta-analysis of alcohol treatment outcome studies estimates that more than _____ percent of treated patients relapse within the first three months after treatment.

A)10
B)25
C)50
D)75

Question 37

Alcoholics Anonymous was one of the earliest _____ for people suffering from health problems.

A)out-groups
B)self-help groups
C)for-profit organizations
D)government-funded organizations

Question 38

Alcohol consumption is associated with:

A)lowered self-esteem.
B)increased cognitive functioning.
C)reduced anxiety.
D)increased depression.

Question 39

Smoking accounts for more than _____ deaths every year in the United States.

A)400,000
B)553,000
C)500,000
D)443,000

Question 40

It is estimated that by 2050, three million men in _____ will die from the effects of tobacco.

A)America
B)India
C)China
D)Argentina

Question 41

_____ is a common cause of prenatal exposure to secondhand smoke.

A)Yellow-nail syndrome
B)Asperger syndrome
C)Fetal alcohol syndrome
D)Sudden infant death syndrome

Question 42

Social influence programs are known to reduce smoking rates for as long as _____ years.

A)thirteen
B)seven
C)ten
D)four

Question 43

Mass media has dramatically changed attitudes toward smoking because it:

A)provides information to smokers about health effects, although it has little effect on their habit.
B)promotes smoking as a habit adopted by people from high-class societies.
C)promotes antismoking attitudes which seem to have a great impact on the society.
D)provides information about health habits that discourage nonsmokers from beginning smoking.

Question 44

Cognitive behavioral techniques can produce weight losses of two pounds every week for up to _____ weeks, maintained over a two-year period.

A)ten
B)twenty
C)five
D)thirty

Question 45

Brief interventions by ____ can bring about smoking cessation and control relapse.

A)physiotherapists
B)physicians
C)employers
D)government authorities

Question 46

Which of the following best explains the Nicotine Replacement Therapy?

A)A nicotine patch steadily releases doses of nicotine into the bloodstream to increase the chances of smoking cessation
B)A technique that teaches positive methods of communicating emotion, and handling conflict to avoid relapse
C)A combination of medication and cognitive behavioral techniques are applied to inculcate self-monitoring habit
D)A treatment designed to restore, and rehabilitate an individual's level of functioning to promote health and wellness

Question 47

Research shows that most alcoholics eventually receive some form of inpatient or outpatient treatment.

Question 48

Group interventions may not address the motives underlying smoking habits because:

A)smokers are already aware of the benefits of remaining abstinent.
B)previous interventions have proven to be unsuccessful.
C)smoking patterns are highly individualized.
D)smokers prefer solitude.

Question 49

Which among the following is the strongest addictive?

A)Nicotine
B)Alcohol
C)Heroine
D)Morphine

Question 50

Which of the following is a component of a social influence intervention?

A)Materials are developed to convey a negative image of a smoker.
B)The peer group is asked to debar the smoker until the frequency of smoking is reduced.
C)Information on the effects of smoking is carefully constructed to appeal to adolescents.
D)New experimental methods such as cognitive recalibration is used to cease smoking.

Question 51

_____ is used to engage neuroregulators which produce temporary improvements in performance.

A)Heroin
B)Bromide
C)Alcohol
D)Nicotine

Question 52

Multimodal programs include training in eliciting effective support from families, friends, and coworkers.

Question 53

Which of the following is a long-term effect of abstaining from smoking?

A)Reduced energy levels
B)Increased symptoms of withdrawal
C)Reduced self-esteem
D)Increased sense of mastery

Question 54

Ex-smokers are more likely to be successful over the short term if they:

A)reduce contact with their family.
B)discourage their friends from smoking.
C)have supportive friends who smoke.
D)have a supportive partner.

Question 55

Often, merely monitoring drinking leads to a reduction in drinking.

Question 56

Most treatment programs for alcoholism begin with a _____, and is followed by some cognitive behavioral techniques.

A)medication program
B)follow-up session
C)drying out period
D)relapse session

Question 57

Alcohol interventions are increasingly being incorporated into freshman orientation programs in colleges.

Question 58

In any kind of intervention, the _____ is the best predictor of success.

A)physician
B)spouse
C)patient
D)family

Question 59

Adult smokers benefit from cognitive behavioral interventions that:

A)include maintenance of the stimuli that elicit and maintain smoking.
B)induce self-monitoring.
C)undermine successful smoking cessation.
D)expel alternative coping techniques.

Question 60

Restricting smoking to a particular place is an example of social engineering.

Question 61

AlcoholEdu® is an on-campus alcohol prevention program used by more than 500 college and university campuses.

Question 62

Identify and discuss the synergistic effects of smoking on other health-related risk factors.

Question 63

Passive smoking or secondhand smoke is a documented health risk.

Question 64

Explain the problem of relapse in the treatment of alcohol abuse.Which intervention strategies address this problem most effectively?

Question 65

Describe the important characteristics of health-compromising behaviors.

Question 66

Trying cigarettes make a person significantly more likely to use other drugs in the future.

Question 67

Describe the biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors implicated in alcohol abuse.

Question 68

It is well-established that commercial smoking cessation programs have higher cure rates.

Question 69

MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) was founded and staffed by the families and friends of those killed by drunk drivers.

Question 70

What are the factors associated with smoking in adolescents?