Deck 2: The Systems of the Body

Question 1

The somatic nervous system connects:

A)the small intestine to the pancreas, and ensures the regulation of enzymes in the pancreas.
B)the blood vessels to the lymph nodes to help in the formation of lymphocytes.
C)nerve fibers to voluntary muscles, and provides the brain with feedback about its movement.
D)the central nervous system to all the internal organs that cannot be voluntarily controlled.

Answer 1

nerve fibers to voluntary muscles, and provides the brain with feedback about its movement.

Question 2

The right atrium and ventricle pump blood back to the lungs via the _____.

A)mitral valve
B)capillaries
C)aorta
D)pulmonary artery

Answer 2

mitral valve

Question 3

_____ fibers provide input to the brain and spinal cord by carrying signals from receptors.

A)Motor nerve
B)Sensory nerve
C)Afferent
D)Bast

Answer 3

Sensory nerve

Question 4

Which of the following bodily changes results from the release of catecholamines?

A)Decreased heart rate
B)Decrease in the amount of sweat produced
C)Increased rate of respiration
D)Increase in the frequency of urination

Question 5

_____ is the paralysis of all four extremities, and the trunk of the body which occurs when the upper portion of the spinal cord is severed.

A)Epilepsy
B)Quadriplegia
C)Polio
D)Paraplegia

Question 6

Which of the following is commonly known as the disease of lifestyle?

A)Dementia
B)Type II diabetes
C)Type I diabetes
D)Polio

Question 7

Damage to the cerebellum is associated with:

A)loss of muscle tone, and disturbances in posture.
B)alterations in the rate of breathing.
C)reduced blood flow to the left and right atriums.
D)hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid.

Question 8

_____ occurs when a clot has developed in a coronary vessel, and blocks the flow of blood to the heart.

A)Myocardial infarction
B)Angina pectoris
C)Ischemia
D)Glioblastoma

Question 9

_____ is a chronic, nonprogressive disorder of the nervous system that is marked by the lack of muscle control.

A)Epilepsy
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Multiple sclerosis
D)Cerebral palsy

Question 10

_____ occurs when the heart has insufficient supply of oxygen, or adequate removal of carbon dioxide and other waste products.

A)Angina pectoris
B)Myocardial infarction
C)Arrythmia
D)Ischemia

Question 11

Which of the following functions is performed by the adrenal cortex in response to stress?

A)There is a deregulation of sodium retention.
B)The formation and inflammation of antibodies is encouraged.
C)There is a decrease in the amount of energy stored in the body.
D)There is an increase in protein and fat mobilization.

Question 12

The _____ coordinates voluntary muscle movement, the maintenance of balance and equilibrium, and the maintenance of muscle tone and posture.

A)cerebral cortex
B)cerebellum
C)pons
D)medulla

Question 13

The posterior pituitary lobe produces _____ which controls contractions during labor and lactation.

A)oxytocin
B)leptin
C)ghrelin
D)serotonin

Question 14

The _____ nervous system helps to restore the body to a normal state after an emergency has passed.

A)central
B)sympathetic
C)parasympathetic
D)somatic

Question 15

The gene for _____ disease has been identified by a test, which also roughly predicts the age when one will succumb to the disease.

A)paraplegia
B)Parkinson's
C)epilepsy
D)Huntington's

Question 16

The _____ is responsible for the coordination of visual and auditory reflexes.

A)thalamus
B)hindbrain
C)midbrain
D)hypothalamus

Question 17

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are together termed as _____.

A)acids
B)catecholamines
C)platelets
D)enzymes

Question 18

The _____ glands are located on top of each of the kidneys.

A)pineal
B)pituitary
C)thyroid
D)adrenal

Question 19

The _____ lobe contains the cortical areas which are responsible for auditory and olfactory impulses.

A)temporal
B)occipital
C)parietal
D)frontal

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

A)It serves as a link between the hindbrain and the midbrain, and helps control respiration.
B)It is responsible for the regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.
C)It assists in the recognition of sensory stimuli, and the relay of sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.
D)It helps transit thoughts generated in the cerebral cortex, and assess their impact on internal organs.

Question 21

The _____ is a muscular tube that divides at its lower end into two branches called the primary bronchi.

A)alveoli
B)larynx
C)pharynx
D)trachea

Question 22

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during respiration occurs between the:

A)primary bronchi and the secondary bronchi.
B)alveoli and the capillaries.
C)alveoli and the arteries.
D)bronchioles and the arteries.

Question 23

Which of the following blood-forming cells produces platelets?

A)Myeloblasts
B)Megakaryocytes
C)Erythroblasts
D)Lymphoblasts

Question 24

The smooth muscle tissue which acts as a reservoir for urine is called a _____.

A)urethra
B)kidney
C)ureter
D)urinary bladder

Question 25

_____ accounts for 80 percent of all cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A)Hypertension
B)Obesity
C)Smoking
D)Alcoholism

Question 26

One of the chief functions of the kidneys is to:

A)control the growth and secretion of the cortex region of the adrenal gland.
B)control the chemical composition of blood.
C)produce various gastric secretions.
D)control the water balance in the body.

Question 27

Respiratory movements are controlled by a respiratory center in the _____.

A)cerebellum
B)cerebral cortex
C)medulla
D)pons

Question 28

Which of the following types of hepatitis is also known as serum hepatitis?

A)Hepatitis A
B)Hepatitis B
C)Hepatitis C
D)Hepatitis E

Question 29

_____ is a secondary infection that may occur as a complication of other disorders, such as a severe cold or flu.

A)Bronchial pneumonia
B)Asthma
C)Meningitis
D)Pleurisy

Question 30

An adult's body approximately contains _____ liters of blood.

A)9
B)7
C)3
D)5

Question 31

_____ is produced by the interstitial cells of the testes under the control of the anterior pituitary lobe.

A)Aldosterone
B)Testosterone
C)Progesterone
D)Estrogen

Question 32

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis?

A)Lymphoma
B)Lupus
C)Ischemia
D)Appendicitis

Question 33

_____ results from below-normal numbers of red blood cells which interferes with its transportation.

A)Peptic ulcer
B)Anemia
C)Lupus
D)Urticaria

Question 34

_____ is a seasonal allergic reaction to foreign bodies that enter the lungs.

A)Pleurisy
B)Pneumonia
C)Asthma
D)Hay fever

Question 35

_____ fever is a bacterial infection that originates in the connective tissue, and can potentially affect the functioning of the heart valves.

A)Pel-Ebstein
B)Hay
C)Yellow
D)Rheumatic

Question 36

The unidirectional muscular movement of a bolus through the esophagus, toward the stomach is known as _____.

A)mononucleosis
B)metastasis
C)peristalsis
D)phagocytosis

Question 37

A critical function of the pancreas is the production of _____.

A)leptin
B)insulin
C)pepsin
D)oxytocin

Question 38

Estrogen is responsible for:

A)the endometrial lining to move into the fallopian tube.
B)the occurrence of menopause.
C)preparing the body for pregnancy.
D)the development of secondary sex characteristics in females.

Question 39

Bile is stored in the _____, and is secreted into the duodenum when necessary.

A)gallbladder
B)pancreas
C)appendix
D)rectum

Question 40

_____ is an open sore in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum.

A)Hepatitis
B)Gastroenteritis
C)Peptic ulcer
D)Appendicitis

Question 41

Genetic material for inheritance lies in the nucleus of the cell in the form of _____ chromosomes.

A)53
B)36
C)23
D)46

Question 42

The largest group of cells involved in natural immunity is known as _____.

A)lymphocytes
B)oocytes
C)osteocytes
D)granulocytes

Question 43

The structures of the limbic system play an important role in emotion.

Question 44

Regulation of the autonomic nervous system occurs via the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 45

_____ is a malignant lymphoma which involves the progressive, chronic enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphatic tissue.

A)Parkinson's disease
B)Meningitis
C)Epilepsy
D)Hodgkin's disease

Question 46

Toxigenicity is the ability to:

A)produce poisons which invade other parts of the body.
B)resist the body's defenses.
C)produce white blood cells in the body.
D)reduce the risk of potential genetic disorders.

Question 47

Which of the following bodily systems functions as the drainage system of the body?

A)The immune system
B)The lymphatic system
C)The endocrine system
D)The respiratory system

Question 48

The parasympathetic nervous system is activated in individual responses to stress.

Question 49

_____ cancer is known to be the most lethal cancer that affects women.

A)Vaginal
B)Ovarian
C)Endometrial
D)Cervical

Question 50

_____ release cytokines that lead to inflammation and fever, and promote wound healing.

A)Macrophages
B)Lymphoblasts
C)Neutrophils
D)Megakaryocytes

Question 51

The endocrine system is responsible for fast-acting, short-duration responses to changes in the body.

Question 52

In an autoimmune disease:

A)the treatment procedure is long-term, but it is easily curable.
B)the body fails to recognize the existence of a foreign substance until its severity increases.
C)certain white blood cells ingest microbes causing an infection.
D)the body recognizes its own tissue as a foreign invader, and produces antibodies to fight it.

Question 53

_____ prevent the passage of microbes from one section of the body to another.

A)Phagocytosis
B)Anatomical barriers
C)Antimicrobial substances
D)Inflammatory responses

Question 54

_____ are chemicals produced by the body that kill invading microorganisms.

A)Antimicrobial substances
B)Phagocytes
C)Inflammatory responses
D)Anatomical barriers

Question 55

Some women usually choose to undergo _____ therapy to deal with the noxious symptoms that occur during menopause.

A)aversion
B)hormone
C)meso
D)gene

Question 56

The two primary clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis are angina pectoris and congestive heart disease.

Question 57

A localized infection:

A)is confined to a particular site in the human body and does not spread.
B)is confined to a particular area, and sends toxins to other parts of the body.
C)rarely affects the human body.
D)affects several different areas or body systems.

Question 58

Which of the following diseases has a genetic basis?

A)Hay fever
B)Paraplegia
C)Multiple sclerosis
D)Cerebral palsy

Question 59

_____ cells secrete chemicals that kill invading organisms and infected cells.

A)Eosinophil
B)Mast
C)T
D)B

Question 60

_____ is an example of an environmentally transmitted disease.

A)Shigellosis
B)Yellow fever
C)Herpes
D)Influenza

Question 61

Describe the two most common disorders of the nervous system.

Question 62

There appears to be a genetic contribution to coronary heart diseases and some forms of cancer.

Question 63

Compare and contrast nonspecific and specific immune mechanisms.Provide an example for each.

Question 64

Hepatitis A is typically transmitted through food and water.

Question 65

Discuss the role of genetic counseling.How can it be used effectively by health psychologists?

Question 66

Antigens are proteins produced in response to stimulation by antibodies.

Question 67

Describe the structure of the cardiovascular system.Include the internal and external factors influencing heart rate, and its impact on the hearts functioning.

Question 68

Menopause can be cured definitively by hormone therapy.

Question 69

Compared to women, men are at a greater risk of contracting autoimmune diseases.

Question 70

Describe the nature and symptoms of hepatitis.Compare and contrast Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B, and explain its mode of transmission.