Deck 5: Dynamic Activities of Cells

Question 1

A claim that a machine that can run forever,therefore producing as much energy as it consumes,violates what?

A)First Law of Theormodynamics
B)Second Law of Thermodynamics
C)Third Law of Thermodynamics
D)Law of Endergonic Reactions
E)Law of Exergonic Reactions

Answer 1

B
Explanation: Perpetual motion violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

Question 2

The hydrolysis reaction of ATP is called a ____ reaction,because the process _________.

A)kinetic,keeps molecules moving
B)endergonic,must be supplied with energy
C)coupled,involves two molecules
D)output,releases products
E)exergonic,gives off energy

Answer 2

E
Explanation: ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP,a phosphate and energy.An exergonic reaction gives up energy.

Question 3

ATP is made up of:

A)Adenine,ribose,and three phosphates
B)Adenine,ribose,and one phosphate
C)Adenine and three phosphate groups
D)Adenine and one phosphate group
E)Adenine and two phosphate groups

Answer 3

A
Explanation: ATP,adenosine triphosphate,means that it contains the sugar ribose,the nitrogen-containing base adenine,and three phosphate groups.

Question 4

Chemical reactions that only occur if there is an input of energy are referred to as

A)exergonic reactions.
B)endergonic reactions.
C)kinetic reactions.
D)coupled reactions.
E)input reactions.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about participants in a reaction would have to be about a component other than an enzyme?

A)They speed up chemical reactions.
B)They are not reusable.
C)They are proteins.
D)They are reusable.
E)They are considered organic catalysts.

Question 6

Figure:
This figure shows an enzyme in action.What does "A" represent?

A)a polypeptide
B)the enzyme-substrate complex
C)the active site
D)the products
E)the substrate

Question 7

Which of these statements summarizes the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

A)One usable form of energy cannot be completely converted into a more useable form.
B)One usable form of energy can be completely converted into another useable form.
C)Energy can be created and destroyed.
D)Energy cannot be created or destroyeD.
E)Energy cannot be transformed.

Question 8

A biologist is studying the rate of chemical reactions.Which of the following molecules would be most useful to study?

A)lipids
B)RNA
C)DNA
D)carbohydrates
E)enzymes

Question 9

The breakdown or hydrolysis of ATP creates

A)Lactate and a phosphate
B)ADP and a phosphate
C)ADP and energy
D)Pyruvate and energy
E)ADP,a phosphate,and energy

Question 10

Why is ATP used as the energy currency in cells?

A)ATP is a protein.
B)ATP contains energy stored in the phosphate bonds.
C)ATP carries a positive charge.
D)ATP is made directly from glucose.
E)ATP is made from lipids.

Question 11

If a molecule binds to the "a" site and does not release,what would happen to the chemical reaction involving enzyme?

A)No products made
B)No change in the enzyme action
C)A decrease in the reaction rate and fewer products made
D)An increase in the reaction rate and more products made
E)More substrates bound to the enzyme

Question 12

What model proposes that enzymes slightly alter their shape to bind to a substrate?

A)The active site model
B)The substrate model
C)The enzyme model
D)The induced fit model
E)The activation energy model

Question 13

This figure shows an enzyme in action.What does "c" represent?

A)polypeptide
B)active site
C)enzyme-substrate complex
D)substrate
E)products

Question 14

Which of the following states the First Law of Thermodynamics?

A)One usable form of energy can be completely converted into a more useable form.
B)One usable form of energy can be completely converted into another useable form.
C)Energy can be created and destroyed.
D)Energy cannot be created or destroyeD.
E)Energy cannot be transformed.

Question 15

How can enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

A)They lower the activation energy needed for the reaction.
B)They increase the pH of the reaction.
C)They lower the temperature of the reaction.
D)They lower the rate of ATP breakdown in the reaction.
E)They increase the amount of substrate in the reaction.

Question 16

During the process to move an organelle inside a cell,the motor protein dynein must bind the organelle and use energy to walk along a microtubule tract.How is the energy to the dynein supplied?

A)from the endergonic reaction of ATP breakdown
B)from the stable reaction of ATP breakdown
C)from the exergonic reaction of ATP breakdown
D)from the exergonic reaction of ATP formation
E)from the entropic reaction of ATP breakdown

Question 17

Which part of an enzyme binds to its substrate?

A)substrate site
B)active site
C)enzyme site
D)activation site
E)reaction site

Question 18

Which of the following would be least likely to have a direct effect on the speed at which a given enzyme works?

A)oxygen concentration
B)temperature
C)pH
D)substrate concentration
E)cofactors and vitamins

Question 19

Which of the following terms best describes stored energy?

A)kinetic energy
B)potential energy
C)transformation energy
D)mechanical energy
E)heat energy

Question 20

As a rock rolls down a hill,which of the following statements would best explain what is occurring?

A)Potential energy increases as heat energy increases.
B)Kinetic energy decreases as potential energy increases.
C)Kinetic energy decreases as heat energy increases.
D)Potential energy decreases as kinetic energy increases.
E)Potential energy and kinetic energy do not changE.

Question 21

If an enzyme's was denatured,it would no longer bind efficiently with its substrate efficiently.

Question 22

If 0.9% NaCl were isotonic compared to a cell,then

A)1.0% NaCl would be hypertonic to cell.
B)0.7% NaCl would be hypertonic to cell.
C)0.1% NaCl would be hypertonic to cell.
D)1.0% NaCl would be hypotonic to cell.
E)1.9% NaCl would be hypotonic to cell.

Question 23

A substance that is being dissolved is known as a solvent.

Question 24

What is the composition of a cell membrane?

A)lipids,proteins,glycolipids,and cholesterol
B)an oil film of lipids only
C)cellulose,proteins and cholesterol
D)lipids and proteins
E)a network of cellulose and glycolipids

Question 25

Many enzymes require the presence of _________________ which are nonprotein organic molecules in order to be active and work correctly.

A)inducer molecules
B)active site binders
C)activation molecules
D)denaturing molecules
E)cofactors

Question 26

When chloride ions cannot cross through the plasma membrane,what disease does the patient have?

A)Color blindness
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Type 1 diabetes
D)Huntington's disease
E)Type 2 diabetes

Question 27

When solute molecules pass through the membrane using a carrier protein,without any energy input,it is referred to as

A)active transport.
B)simple diffusion.
C)osmosis.
D)facilitated diffusion.
E)solute diffusion.

Question 28

Which is the correct association of a cell membrane protein type and its function?

A)channel proteins : assist in cell-to-cell communication
B)carrier proteins : carry out metabolic reactions
C)cell recognition proteins : help substance move across the cell membrane
D)enzymatic proteins : allow molecules to move across membrane
E)receptor proteins : have a binding site for a specific molecule

Question 29

Which of these would be a novel function for a cell membrane protein?

A)assemble polymers from amino acid monomers
B)transfer molecules from cytoplasm to outside of cell
C)help recognize foreign invaders
D)bind specific signaling molecules
E)assist cell-to-cell communication

Question 30

According to the fluid-mosaic model,a cell membrane is assembled from

A)a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
B)charged and uncharged fatty acids
C)a bilayer of glycolipids on top of cholesterol
D)microtubules that keep it intact
E)only proteins functioning as enzymes

Question 31

How do cyanide and sarin nerve gas act on enzyme targets?

A)cofactors
B)coenzymes
C)enzyme mimics
D)coactivators
E)enzyme inhibitors

Question 32

What happens if more substrates are added to a reaction which already has reached maximum rate?

A)It will strongly increase reaction rate.
B)It will weakly decrease reaction rate.
C)It will strongly decrease reaction rate.
D)It will have no effect.
E)It will weakly increase reaction ratE.

Question 33

Figure:
What does "B" represent in the diagram of the plasma membrane?

A)peripheral protein
B)phospholipids bilayer
C)glycolipid
D)hydrophilic heads
E)cytoskeleton

Question 34

If a membrane only allows certain types of substances to go through,then the membrane is said to be what kind?

A)facilitated diffusing
B)active transporter
C)differentially permeable
D)permanently permeable
E)gradiently soluble

Question 35

Figure:
What does "E" represent in the diagram of the plasma membrane?

A)peripheral protein
B)phospholipids bilayer
C)cytoskeleton
D)hydrophilic heads
E)glycolipid

Question 36

When an inhibitor blocks the active site of an enzyme,this is referred to as

A)activation inhibition
B)substrate inhibition
C)noncompetitive inhibition
D)competitive inhibition
E)cofactor inhibition

Question 37

Osmosis requires

A)active transport of water molecules.
B)an equal concentration of solvent on both sides of the membrane.
C)no turgor pressure.
D)a differentially permeable membrane.
E)no osmotic pressurE.

Question 38

Which of the following is absolutely necessary for diffusion to occur?

A)Energy input
B)A differentially permeable membrane between two areas
C)A living cell
D)A non-permeable membrane between two areas
E)A concentration difference between two areas

Question 39

Figure:
What does "C" represent in the diagram of the plasma membrane?

A)hydrophilic heads
B)cytoskeleton
C)glycolipid
D)phospholipids bilayer
E)peripheral protein

Question 40

An isotonic solution means that the solute concentration outside the cell

A)is much greater than inside the cell.
B)is much less than inside the cell.
C)is slightly less than inside the cell.
D)is same as inside the cell.
E)is same as inside the cell.

Question 41

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will

A)lose water.
B)gain water.
C)neither gain nor lose water.
D)both gain and lose water equally.
E)ggin water initially and then lose water.

Question 42

What are the membrane-lined channels that allow direct exchange of materials between two adjacent plant cells?

A)extracellular matrix
B)plasmodesmata
C)intermediate filament
D)tight junctions
E)anchoring desmosome

Question 43

What is the reverse process of endocytosis called?

A)phagocytosis
B)active transport
C)osmosis
D)exocytosis
E)pinocytosis

Question 44

Which process imports liquid and very small particles into cells?

A)pinocytosis
B)facilitated transport
C)phagocytosis
D)exocytosis
E)osmosis

Question 45

Both plant and animal cells,at least some of each,have structures which join them together for communication.

Question 46

Why is the cell wall important when a plant cell is placed into a hypotonic solution?

A)Cell wall prevents the cell from shrinking.
B)Cell wall allows creanation to occur.
C)Active transport occurs through the cell wall.
D)Diffusion occurs through the cell wall.
E)Cell wall prevents the cell from bursting.

Question 47

A cell lacking ATP would be able to run all endergonic reactions.

Question 48

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will

A)lose water.
B)neither gain nor lose water.
C)both gain and lose water equally.
D)Gain water initially and then lose water
E)gain water.

Question 49

What structure joins the cells in heart tissue together,so that the cells work in a coordinated fashion?

A)tight junctions
B)gap junctions
C)extracellular matrix
D)anchoring junctions
E)microvilli

Question 50

What process uses energy to move a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration?

A)diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)pinocytosis
D)osmosis
E)active transport