Deck 4: Structure and Function of Cells

Question 1

The basic unit of structure and function for all life is the

A)molecule.
B)cell.
C)organism.
D)atom.
E)organ.

Answer 1

B
Explanation: All living things are made up of one or more cells.

Question 2

Generally,as a cell increases in size,how does the ratio of surface area to volume change?

A)the volume stays the same but the surface area increases
B)the volume and surface area increase in equal amounts
C)the surface area stays the same but the volume increases
D)the volume increases more than the surface area
E)the surface area increases more than the volume

Answer 2

D
Explanation: As a cell gets larger,the volume of the cell increases more rapidly than the the surface area.Compare the geometry formulas for surface area and for volume.The surface area increases in proportion to the square of the width,while the volume increases in proportion to the cube of the width.

Question 3

Compared to prokaryotic cells,which of the following is true about eukaryotic cells?

A)eukaryotic cells are smaller
B)eukaryotic cells have a capsule
C)eukaryotic cells have no cell membrane
D)eukaryotic cells have no nucleus
E)eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

Answer 3

E
Explanation: Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bounded nucleus and organelles,which allows an eukaryotic cell to be larger than a prokaryotic cell.

Question 4

Figure:
What is the function of the cell structure marked "a." on the animal cell diagram?

A)to provide structural support and shape
B)to make energy molecules
C)to break down old organelles
D)to carry genetic information
E)to produce and modify new proteins

Question 5

Cells are usually rather small.What does this ensure that they have?

A)a sufficient surface area-to-volume ratio
B)an exchange of genetic information
C)a need for lipid-based membranes
D)a reduction in size due to division
E)a group of new cells by division

Question 6

A scientist observes a cell that has a cell wall and ribosomes but no ER or nucleus.Based on these observations he can conclude that the cell is most likely a(n)

A)animal cell
B)bacterial cell
C)plant cell
D)archaean cell
E)prokaryotic cell

Question 7

Based on observations that a cell has a nucleus,a cell wall,and a large central vacuole,you can conclude that this cell is most likely a(n)

A)archaean cell
B)animal cell
C)bacterial cell
D)plant cell
E)prokaryotic cell

Question 8

What is the cell structure marked "b." on the animal cell diagram?

A)nucleus
B)Golgi apparatus
C)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D)mitochondria
E)rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

Which labelled cell structure would most likely contain digestive enzymes that are needed to break down engulfed debris?

A)labelled a
B)labelled b
C)labelled c
D)labelled d
E)labelled e

Question 10

What is the cell structure marked "e." on the animal cell diagram?

A)lysosome
B)mitochondrion
C)nucleus
D)centrioles
E)nucleolus

Question 11

You observe a cell that has lysosomes and a nucleus,but no chloroplasts.Based on these observations,you conclude that the cell is most likely of what kind?

A)bacterial cell
B)archaean cell
C)animal cell
D)plant cell
E)prokaryotic cell

Question 12

What is the cell structure marked "a." on the plant cell diagram?

A)cytoplasm
B)nucleus
C)mitochondria
D)central vacuole
E)chloroplast

Question 13

It would be a great surprise to find which of the following structures in a prokaryotic cell:

A)capsule
B)nucleus
C)ribosome
D)plasma membrane
E)cell wall

Question 14

What is the cell structure marked "a." on the animal cell diagram?

A)nucleus
B)rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)mitochondria
D)Golgi apparatus
E)smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

What is the function of the cell structure marked "b." on the plant cell diagram?

A)to convert light energy into chemical molecules
B)to carry genetic information
C)to provide structural support and cell shape
D)to store water and wastes
E)to produce new proteins

Question 16

Figure:
What is the function of the cell structure marked "b." on the animal cell diagram?

A)to provide structural support and shape
B)to carry genetic information
C)to make energy molecules
D)to break down old organelles
E)to produce and modify new proteins

Question 17

What is the cell structure marked "c." on the animal cell diagram?

A)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B)rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)Golgi apparatus
D)nucleus
E)mitochondria

Question 18

If you were studying the semifluid interior of the cell you would be studying the:

A)cytoplasm
B)cytoskeleton
C)centrosome
D)chromatin
E)centrioles

Question 19

Which of the following would be an addition to cell theory?

A)the cell is the basic unit of life
B)all living things are made of cells
C)new cells arise only from preexisting cells
D)anything smaller than a cell is not alive
E)only eukaryotes are made of cells

Question 20

In human intestinal cells,what specialized feature increases the surface-area-to-volume ratio and allows increased absorption of materials?

A)very few organelles inside cells
B)larger cell size
C)many cilia
D)many flagella
E)surface folds called microvilli

Question 21

Where are lysosomes produced?

A)nucleus
B)rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D)mitochondria
E)Golgi apparatus

Question 22

What is the cell structure marked "e." on the plant cell diagram?

A)chloroplast
B)smooth ER
C)Golgi
D)mitochondria
E)central vacuole

Question 23

Where inside an animal cell would engulfed bacteria,debris and macromolecules be broken down?

A)peroxisomes
B)rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)lysosomes
D)mitochondria
E)smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

What is the most important function of the Golgi apparatus?

A)secreting proteins
B)transporting proteins
C)packaging proteins
D)synthesizing proteins
E)lipid synthesis

Question 25

Which structure can occupy up to 90% of the volume in a plant cell?

A)central vacuole
B)endoplasmic reticulum
C)nucleus
D)chloroplasts
E)cytoplasm

Question 26

Which organelle is physically connected to the nuclear envelope?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)mitochondria
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)nucleolus
E)lysosome

Question 27

Which cellular activity can be well studied using pulse-label experiments?

A)breakdown of worn-out cell parts
B)cell division
C)cell movement
D)rebuilding of the cytoskeleton
E)secretion

Question 28

What is the function of secretory vesicles inside a cell?

A)move proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell membrane
B)move proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus
C)move proteins between the nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum
D)move proteins between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane
E)move proteins between the nucleus and the Golgi apparatus

Question 29

What is the function of the cell structure marked "a." on the plant cell diagram?

A)to convert light energy into chemical molecules
B)to provide structural support and cell shape
C)to produce new proteins
D)to store water and wastes
E)to carry genetic information

Question 30

Which cell organelle which is responsible for processing,packaging,and the secretion of proteins?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)nucleus
C)lysosomes
D)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E)rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 31

What is the function of transport vesicles inside a cell?

A)move proteins between the SER and the RER
B)move proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus
C)move proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell membrane
D)move proteins between the nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum
E)move proteins between the nucleus and the Golgi apparatus

Question 32

What is the cell structure marked "d." on the plant cell diagram?

A)central vacuole
B)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C)nucleus
D)cytoplasm
E)Golgi apparatus

Question 33

What is the primary function of the central vacuole?

A)to store DNA
B)to break down engulfed macromolecules and bacteria
C)to store nutrients and waste products
D)to produce proteins
E)to produce ATP

Question 34

If a poison specifically destroyed the ribosomes of a cell,what is the main reason that the cell would die?

A)the cell would not be able to digest any unwanted bacteria
B)the cell would not be able to generate any cell energy
C)the cell would not be able to make any new proteins
D)the cell would no longer be able to move
E)there would be no more nutrients transported into the cell

Question 35

If you followed the breakdown of long chain fatty aciuds,in what organelle would they be acted on first,before final breakdown in the mitochondria?

A)rough endoplasmic reticulum
B)mitochondria
C)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D)lysosomes
E)peroxisomes

Question 36

Which structure would be found in large numbers inside cells that are producing lots of proteins?

A)centrioles
B)lysosomes
C)ribosomes
D)mitochondria
E)cytoskeletal fibers

Question 37

A scientist studies a dark region inside the nucleus where rRNA joins with ribosomes.Which structure is this?

A)chromosomes
B)nuclear pores
C)nuclear envelope
D)nucleolus
E)chromatin

Question 38

Which is the most important structure to be understood for an overall understanding of protein synthesis?

A)ribosomes
B)nucleus
C)mitochondria
D)lysosomes
E)cytoskeleton

Question 39

If an eukaryotic cell lacked the Golgi apparatus,which of the following would be true?

A)it could not digest macromolecules
B)it could not package proteins
C)it could not maintain its shape
D)it would not have genetic information
E)it could not make energy

Question 40

Where would the highest concentration of ribosomes be found inside the cell?

A)cytoskeleton
B)nuclear envelope
C)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum
E)mitochondria

Question 41

Where might lipids be synthesized outside the parts of the endomembrane system?

A)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B)rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)Golgi apparatus
D)nucleus
E)mitochondria

Question 42

Which is the process by which newly-made proteins are secreted out of an animal cell?

A)pinocytosis
B)protein synthesis
C)endocytosis
D)phagocytosis
E)exocytosis

Question 43

Which of these would be performed by a part of the cell other than the cytoskeleton?

A)help white blood cells break down bacteria that have been engulfed
B)strengthen a layer of skin cells
C)help connective cells crawl along a surface
D)help organelles move inside a cell
E)maintain the shape of intestinal cells

Question 44

How would cancer drugs,which disrupt microtubules in dividing cells,disturb a normal animal cell?

A)stop enzyme production
B)affect the shape of the cell
C)affect water storage
D)affect destruction of unwanted bacteria
E)stop ATP synthesis

Question 45

Which organelle acts as the powerhouse of the cell?

A)mitochondria
B)nucleus
C)rough endoplasmic reticulum
D)chloroplast
E)lysosome

Question 46

Which cytoskeletal structures on the lining of the respiratory tract are needed to sweep dust and debris away?

A)flagella
B)actin filaments
C)pseudopods
D)cilia
E)intermediate filaments

Question 47

Which theory states that the chloroplast and mitochondria are formed due to a eukaryotic cell engulfing prokaryotic cells?

A)Eukaryotic theory
B)Prokaryotic theory
C)Cell theory
D)Matrix theory
E)Endosymbiosis theory

Question 48

From smallest to largest,what is the correct size order of the cytoskeletal fibers?

A)actin filaments,microtubules,intermediate filaments
B)actin filaments,intermediate filaments,microtubules
C)microtubules,actin filaments,intermediate filaments
D)intermediate filaments,actin filaments,microtubules
E)microtubules,intermediate filaments,actin filaments

Question 49

Which of the following parts is found in both plant and animal cells?

A)carbohydrates
B)enzymes for photosynthesis
C)cristae
D)thylakoids
E)chlorophyll

Question 50

Which cytoskeletal structure is associated with its correct composition?

A)centriole: short barrels of intermediate filaments
B)actin filaments: twisted strands of keratin proteins
C)microtubules: cylinders made of keratin proteins
D)flagellum: microtubule doublets and actin side arms
E)intermediate filaments: ropes made of proteins

Question 51

In mammalian species,what structure allows sperm to move?

A)pseudopod
B)cilium
C)actin filament
D)intermediate filament
E)flagellum

Question 52

Which cytoskeletal fibers are found in the internal structure of the cilia and flagella?

A)keratin filaments
B)microtubules
C)intermediate filaments
D)actin filaments
E)myosin

Question 53

Since cyanide directly poisons mitochondria,what cell process does cyanide specifically harm?

A)production of ATP molecules
B)secretion of proteins to outside
C)creation of new cells
D)production of new cell proteins
E)transport of carbohydrates

Question 54

Actin can help propel the sperm.

Question 55

Why are the cristae important in the inner membrane of mitochondria?

A)allow sunlight to penetrate easily and quicken photosynthesis
B)promote the concentration of chlorophyll molecules in one area
C)allow direct diffusion of glucose into the inside of the mitochondria
D)collect water molecules needed for metabolism
E)provide larger surface area for ATP synthesis

Question 56

Which of the following can be used to contrast chloroplasts and mitochondria?

A)whether the organelle contains its own DNA
B)whether the organelle converts solar energy into cellular energy
C)whether the organelle is found in plant cells
D)whether the organelle has multiple membranes
E)whether the organelle has a large internal surface area