Deck 16: Endocrine System

Question 1

The hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary communicate via a portal system.

Answer 1

True
Explanation: A portal system,consisting of two capillary systems connected by a vein,lies between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary.

Question 2

Both endocrine and exocrine glands have ducts.

Answer 2

False
Explanation: Exocrine glands have ducts but endocrine glands secrete their products into the bloodstream.

Question 3

Which of the following organs also produce hormones as a secondary function of the organ?

A)heart
B)testes
C)ovaries
D)adrenal cortex
E)thyroid

Answer 3

A
Explanation: The kidneys,GI tract,and heart produce hormones,although that is not the primary function of these organs.The testes,ovaries,adrenal cortex,and thyroid produce hormones as their primary function.

Question 4

Although other animals produce pheromones,humans have not been shown to make them.

Question 5

Which of the following is an exocrine gland?

A)parathyroids
B)salivary glands
C)thymus
D)testes
E)adrenal gland

Question 6

The effects initiated by the endocrine system are longer lasting than those of the nervous system.

Question 7

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

A)dudodenum
B)pituitary
C)adrenal
D)pineal
E)thymus

Question 8

Which of the following hormones is mis-paired with its target organ?

A)TSH--thyroid
B)FSH--gonads
C)ACTH--adrenal cortex
D)LH--kidney
E)Gonadotropic hormones--testes and ovaries

Question 9

Some of the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary have an effect on other glands.Which of the following does not?

A)LH
B)ACTH
C)growth hormone
D)TSH
E)gonadotropic hormone

Question 10

Which of the following statements is not true concerning the hypothalamus?

A)The hypothalamus acts as the link between the nervous and endocrine systems.
B)The hypothalamus regulates the internal environment of the body.
C)The hypothalamus communicates with the somatic nervous system.
D)The hypothalamus controls the glandular secretions of the pituitary glanD.
E)The hypothalamus produces antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin.

Question 11

Peptide hormones

A)are able to pass through the membrane and bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm.
B)bind to a receptor in the plasma membrane.
C)act much more slowly than steroid hormones.
D)initiate gene expression.
E)are composed of a complex of 4 carbon rings.

Question 12

Which organ does not produce steroid hormones?

A)pineal gland
B)adrenal cortex
C)ovaries
D)testes

Question 13

Why is the pancreas both an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

A)because it produces both a neurotransmitter and a hormone
B)because it produces more than one hormone
C)because it produces at least one hormone that is delivered through a duct and one that is delivered to the bloodstream
D)because it has an outer cortex and an inner medulla
E)because it is located within the abdominal cavity with ties to the gastrointestinal system

Question 14

Which of the following is the basis for steroid hormones?

A)cholesterol
B)peptides
C)proteins
D)glycoproteins
E)modified amino acids

Question 15

Damage or a tumor to which organ would lead to a disruption of the nervous and endocrine system?

A)hypothalamus
B)pituitary
C)lymph nodes
D)frontal lobe of the brain
E)pineal gland

Question 16

How are the nervous system and the endocrine system alike?

A)They both utilize axons and synapses.
B)They both regulate the activities of other systems.
C)They both utilize glands.
D)They both respond very rapidly to stimuli.
E)They both have an very prolonged response to stimuli.

Question 17

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the anterior pituitary?

A)prolactin
B)growth hormone
C)thyroid stimulating hormone
D)adrenocorticotropic hormone
E)oxytocin

Question 18

Which of the following statements about hormones is not true?

A)Hormones are secreted by axons.
B)Hormones are carried by the bloodstream.
C)It takes time to deliver hormones to the cells.
D)The effects of hormones are long lasting.
E)Hormones are targeted to specific organs within the body.

Question 19

Which of the following is a feature of an endocrine gland?

A)secretes a hormone directly into the bloodstream
B)secretes a hormone into a gland or duct
C)the product of these glands is carried into the lumen of an organ
D)characterized by the salivary glands
E)they do not respond to a negative feedback system

Question 20

List the hormones produced by the following endocrine glands and indicate the target tissue / organ it acts upon.

Question 21

How many iodine atoms are in thyroxine?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 22

Which of the following does not act to increase the amount of calcium in the blood?

A)bones
B)calcitonin
C)kidneys
D)intestines
E)parathyroid hormone

Question 23

What are the symptoms of myxedema?

A)an eye that protrudes from the eye socket
B)a mass in the throat
C)lethargy,weight gain,puffiness
D)tremors in the hands,shaking,balance difficulties
E)difficulty with speech,blurred vision

Question 24

Which of the following is not produced by the adrenal glands?

A)epinephrine
B)norepinephrine
C)glucagon
D)glucocorticoids
E)mineralocorticoids

Question 25

The thyroid gland is located

A)in the neck.
B)in the brain.
C)on top of the kidneys.
D)near the ovaries or testes.
E)near the small intestines.

Question 26

Parathyroid hormone also activates ___________ in the kidneys.

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin B
D)cholesterol
E)calcium

Question 27

Which of the following is not involved in blood calcium homeostasis?

A)bones
B)thyroid gland
C)parathyroid glands
D)kidneys
E)posterior pituitary

Question 28

Which disorder is associated with a low level of parathyroid hormone?

A)tetany
B)osteoporosis
C)myxedema
D)exophthalmic goiter
E)simple goiter

Question 29

How are the posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary similar?

A)Both are controlled by the hypothalamus.
B)Both produce three or more hormones.
C)Both are connected to the hypothalamus via a portal system.
D)Both produce releasing and inhibiting hormones.
E)Both produce hormones that control other glands.

Question 30

The adrenal cortex provides a slower but long-term stress response in comparison to the adrenal medulla.

Question 31

Explain how the adrenal cortex responds to long term stress.

Question 32

Both the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex are under control of hormones produced by the anterior pituitary hormone and hypothalamus.

Question 33

The hormone produced by the parathryoid gland influences the blood level rise of what product?

A)sodium
B)phosphate
C)calcium
D)glucose
E)cholesterol

Question 34

A person with congenital hypothroidism will exhibit what symptoms?

A)myxedema
B)exopthalmic goiter
C)simple goiter
D)short and stocky,possible mental retardation
E)tetany

Question 35

Which disorder is characterized by the overproduction of growth hormone in an adult?

A)acromegaly
B)diabetes mellitus
C)pituitary dwarfism
D)simple goiter
E)none of these

Question 36

Giants usually have poor health because they often have diabetes mellitus.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is not true about growth hormone?

A)Growth hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary.
B)The quantity of growth hormone is greatest during childhood and adolescence.
C)Too little growth hormone results in dwarfism.
D)Too much growth hormone results in giantism.
E)Growth hormone can be administered as a medical treatment for stature problems.

Question 38

Which of the following hormones is controlled by positive feedback?

A)prolactin
B)oxytocin
C)growth hormone
D)antidiuretic hormone
E)gonadotropic hormone

Question 39

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A)in the brain
B)in the neck
C)on top of the kidneys
D)near the ovaries/testes
E)near the small intestine

Question 40

The adrenal medulla controls the short term response to stress by

A)raising blood glucose levels.
B)breaking down protein and fat.
C)reducing inflammation.
D)suppressing immune cells.
E)increasing blood volumE.

Question 41

Which pancreatic hormone stimulates the uptake of glucose by cells?

A)insulin
B)glucagon
C)estradiol
D)epinephrine
E)cortisol

Question 42

Describe the characteristics of individuals with Type 2 diabetes.

Question 43

Which pancreatic hormone will be secreted when blood glucose levels are high?

A)insulin
B)glucagon
C)cortisol
D)thyroxine
E)antidiuretic hormone

Question 44

Which of the following is a glucocorticoid?

A)norepinephrine
B)epinephrine
C)aldosterone
D)cortisol
E)renin

Question 45

It is possible to distinguish exocrine from endocrine tissue in the pancreas under the light microscope.

Question 46

Which of the following is a result of mineralocorticoid release?

A)Glucose is not broken down.
B)The immune cells are suppressed.
C)Inflammation is reduced.
D)Proteins and fat are broken down.
E)Blood volume and pressure increasE.

Question 47

Which of the following statement about the pancreas is not true?

A)The pancreatic islets are the exocrine tissue.
B)The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon.
C)The pancreas is located near the small intestine.
D)The pancreas is not under pituitary control.
E)The pancreas is a fish-shaped organ.

Question 48

Most of the diabetics in the United States have type 1 diabetes.

Question 49

Which gland produces melatonin?

A)testes
B)thymus gland
C)pineal gland
D)ovaries
E)adrenal glands

Question 50

Which of the following is not a symptom of Addison disease?

A)low blood pressure
B)bronzing of the skin
C)mild infections can lead to death
D)loss of sodium and water
E)increased blood sugar levels

Question 51

Glycogen can be broken down to increase blood glucose levels,but fat cannot be.

Question 52

How are type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus similar?

A)The number of glucose carriers is too low in both.
B)The blood glucose levels are very high in both.
C)The body does not produce insulin in both.
D)The body does not produce glucagon in both.
E)Both are a result of obesity.

Question 53

When insulin is secreted,what happens?

A)Tissue stores of glucose are depleted.
B)Adipose tissue breaks down fat.
C)The liver breaks down glycogen.
D)The blood glucose level rises.
E)Glucose is taken up by the cells.

Question 54

Right after eating a candy bar,insulin secretion would occur.

Question 55

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is involved in the regulation of both the testes and the ovaries.

Question 56

Is it possible that a type 1 diabetic could be hypoglycemic?

Question 57

Which of the following is not involved in blood glucose homeostasis?

A)liver
B)muscle
C)adipose tissue
D)stomach
E)glucagon

Question 58

Which of the following hormones is mismatched with its producing gland?

A)ovaries--follicle-stimulating hormone
B)ovaries--estrogen
C)thymus gland--thymosins
D)pineal gland--melatonin
E)testes--androgens

Question 59

Where is the thymus gland located?

A)in the neck
B)in the brain
C)in the chest
D)near the ovaries/testes
E)on top of the kidneys

Question 60

The secretion of which hormones qualifies the pancreas as an endocrine gland?

A)insulin and glucagon
B)insulin and digestive juices
C)digestive juices and glucagon
D)mineralocorticoids and insulin
E)estradiol and digestive juices

Question 61

In comparing the functions of the nervous and endocrine system in controlling the body,the nervous system is better able to respond to changes in the external environment.

Question 62

Which hormone triggers satiety?

A)epinephrine
B)follicle-stimulating hormone
C)prostaglandins
D)erythropoietin
E)leptin

Question 63

Which of the following is not involved in the regulation of the reproductive system?

A)adrenal gland
B)hypothalamus
C)anterior pituitary
D)testes/ovaries
E)nervous system

Question 64

Usually you are consciously aware of the governance of your internal organs by the nervous and endocrine system.

Question 65

Which of the following secretes erythropoietin?

A)kidney
B)heart
C)small intestine
D)thymus
E)thalamus

Question 66

If an individual is exposed to external stress the nervous system is capable of responding faster than the endocrine system.

Question 67

Which system does the hypothalamus belong to?

A)the nervous system
B)the endocrine system
C)both the nervous and the endocrine systems
D)reproductive system
E)cardiovascular system

Question 68

Jamie suffers from heartburn.Sometimes this can be treated with

A)mineralocorticoids.
B)prostaglandins.
C)aldosterone.
D)thymosin.
E)luteinizing hormonE.

Question 69

What is the function of melatonin?

A)regulate blood glucose levels
B)regulate blood calcium levels
C)aid in the differentiation of T lymphocytes
D)control the daily sleep-wake cycle
E)control the color of the skin

Question 70

How would the endocrine and nervous systems respond to an individual touching a hot stove?

A)sending signals that pull their hand away
B)sending signals that cause the release of epinephrine
C)sending signals that cause the release of norepinephrine
D)sending signals that cause them to move their body away
E)the endocrine and nervous systems would cause an individual to do all of these things

Question 71

The cramping associated with premenstrual syndrome is often due to norepinephrine.