Deck 24: The Rococo and the Enlightenment on the Continent: Privilege and Reason

Question 1

How did Voltaire make himself so unpopular with both the French and Prussian courts that he had to retire to the country to avoid imprisonment?

A)Writing plays that involved questionable morals
B)Openly living with the marquise du Châtelet,a married woman
C)Stating that the Prussian monarchy was better than the French
D)Criticizing the government and satirizing the rulers

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Why did the eighteenth-century Parisian courtiers lose interest in portraits?

A)They desired paintings that entertained
B)Portraiture limited artists' creativity
C)They were bored with the realism
D)Louis XV disliked portraits

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What view of God did the Deists take?

A)God was a creation of mythology
B)God predestined human behavior
C)God did not create the universe
D)God had little to do with humans

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau,why did people lose the natural goodness with which they were born?

A)Man's inherent nature is to sin
B)Society and civilization corrupted them
C)Formal education crushed imagination
D)Organized religion taught false values

Question 5

Why did English landscape architect Lancelot "Capability" Brown issue yellow-tinted glasses to Stowe gardens' visitors?

A)So the garden's features would be the same color
B)So they could better appreciate the classical ruins
C)So the landscape would seem to glow
D)So they could envision the garden at evening

Question 6

In Jean-Antoine Watteau's The Signboard of Gersaint,why is a portrait of Louis XIV being placed in a storage box?

A)Louis was not popular with the common people
B)Louis had criticized Watteau's work
C)Louis did not support the Enlightenment
D)Louis had recently had died

Question 7

Why did Louis XV twice ban printing of the Encyclopédie?

A)For giving the common people too much information
B)For causing irreparable damage to morality and religion
C)For leading readers to distrust their rulers
D)For supporting the John Locke's views on government

Question 8

Under Frederick I,what did Prussia value above all else?

A)Music
B)Freedom
C)History
D)Discipline

Question 9

Why does Fragonard paint the young lady in The Swing as losing a shoe?

A)To provide a focal point
B)To emphasize her flirtatiousness
C)To symbolize virginity loss
D)To show more bare leg

Question 10

Which of the following is not characteristic of the English garden?

A)Winding paths
B)Manicured flowerbeds
C)lightly forested areas
D)Lakes and marshes

Question 11

Why did the philosophes alienate themselves from the Church?

A)Disbelief in God
B)Intolerant of hierarchy and ritual
C)Disagreement with Church doctrine
D)Dislike for church ornamentation

Question 12

Which of the following does not define Rococo interior architecture?

A)S- and C-curves
B)Elaborate cartouches
C)Shell forms
D)Symmetrical surfaces

Question 13

Why did Jean-Antoine Watteau's fêtes galantes become so popular?

A)Their mythological allusions
B)Their symmetry and perspective
C)Their erotic overtones
D)Their realistic portrayal of society

Question 14

With what were the eighteenth-century French philosophes concerned?

A)Manners and tradition
B)Metaphysical matters
C)Secular and social concerns
D)Theater and painting

Question 15

On whose art did Watteau model the dog in The Signboard of Gersaint?

A)Nicholas Poussin
B)Titian
C)Peter Paul Rubens
D)William Hogarth

Question 16

From what sources did the English draw inspiration for the English garden?

A)Virgil,Horace,and Pliny
B)Leonardo,Raphael,and Michelangelo
C)Homer,Herodotus,and Thucydides
D)Bruegel,Vermeer,and Rembrandt

Question 17

What work of art does the young man's position in Jean-Honoré Fragonard's The Swing reflect?

A)Polyclitus's Doryphorus
B)Michelangelo's The Creation of Adam
C)Leonardo's The Last Supper
D)Raphael's The School of Athens

Question 18

Why did Voltaire declare that "Sparta became Athens" when Frederick the Great assumed power in Prussia?

A)Frederick collected artifacts from Greece
B)Frederick decreased his father's military forces
C)Frederick turned from military to cultural pursuits
D)Frederick opened a university devoted to liberal arts

Question 19

What was the overarching purpose of the Encyclopédie?

A)To accumulate and preserve human knowledge
B)To record the findings of the French Academy
C)To give a voice to the French philosophes
D)To standardize the French language and spelling

Question 20

Why do many of François Boucher's paintings of Madame de Pompadour show her reading or writing?

A)To validate her role as Louis XV's most trusted advisor
B)To advocate the education of French women
C)To establish her as intellectually worthy of Louis XV
D)To negate the rumors that she was Louis XV's mistress

Question 21

List and explain three reasons the French philosophes admired Qing China.

Question 22

Why did Diderot admire Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin's still -life paintings?

A)Focus on virtue
B)Attention to detail
C)Minimal brushstrokes
D)Use of chiaroscuro

Question 23

As explained in the chapter's "Continuity and Change" section,why was Marie-Louise-Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun's Marie-Antionette en chemise rejected by the Salon of 1783?

A)They thought Marie's gown was lingerie
B)They objected to the painting's informality
C)They considered its lines too classical
D)They believed Marie's smile was too inviting

Question 24

List and describe the four sections of Johann Stamitz's orchestra.

Question 25

Why did the Hapsburg Emperor Joseph II react negatively to Mozart's Don Giovanni?

A)He did not understand Italian
B)It had too many notes
C)It was too tragic
D)It lacked a moral ending

Question 26

Why were the philosophes attracted to China?

A)Its republican government
B)Its Buddhist beliefs
C)Its high level of advancement
D)Its simplified lifestyle

Question 27

Compare the courts of Prussia's Frederick I and his son,Frederick the Great.

Question 28

What does Yu the Great Taming the Waters,carved onto a massive piece of jade,represent?

A)China being saved by a miracle
B)China's version of the Noah story
C)The might of the Chinese army
D)Hard work and service to the ruler

Question 29

Who introduced Western art techniques to the Chinese?

A)The Portuguese
B)The Jesuits
C)The French
D)The Manchurians

Question 30

Why is the music that arose in reaction to the Rococo called "classical"?

A)Its symmetry,proportion,unity,and clarity
B)Its reliance upon a small number of instruments
C)Its predictability of form and movements
D)Its use of Greek and Roman mythological themes

Question 31

What Joseph Haydn development was the first of the new Classical genres?

A)The symphony
B)The German opera
C)The sonata form
D)The string quartet

Question 32

Define Mozart's dramma giocoso,his uniting of opera seria and opera buffa,illustrating your points with specifics from Don Giovanni.

Question 33

Identify and describe two ways Rococo painting differs from Baroque.

Question 34

Matching

Question 35

Show how François Boucher's paintings of Madame de Pompadour-Madame de Pompadour and The Toilet of Venus-were propagandistic in terms of her roles with Louis XV.

Question 36

Describe Jean-Jacques Rousseau's theory of education.Then compare his theory to your educational experences.

Question 37

Describe the features of the English garden,and explain the intended effects on the viewer of its design.

Question 38

Identify and explain at least two reasons Louis XV and his court objected to printing and distribution of the Encyclopédie.

Question 39

Why in the mid-eighteenth century did art criticism begin?

A)To satisfy the French appetite for knowledge
B)To give exposure to new artists and architects
C)To enable tourists to appreciate and understand art
D)To show the French superiority in matters of art

Question 40

Why did Rousseau praise the Chinese tax system?

A)For not taxing food
B)For imposing a flat tax
C)For not taxing property
D)For using a progressive tax

Question 41

Cite and explain two examples of Europe and China influencing one another.