Deck 2: Interpersonal Communication and Self

Question 1

Our material self is defined as

A)that which we learn about ourselves based on our interactions with others.
B)our views of ourselves based on our values and moral standards.
C)our concept of self based on social interactions.
D)our concept of self reflected through tangible items that we own.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Our ability to think about ourselves and use language to represent ourselves to others is our

A)subjective self-awareness
B)symbolic self-awareness
C)objective self-awareness
D)reactive self-awareness

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Your enduring concepts of right and wrong, good and bad are your

A)beliefs
B)attitudes
C)self concept
D)values

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In what order, starting with most central to your behaviour and concept of self, and moving to least central, are attitudes, values, and beliefs?

A)attitudes, values, beliefs
B)beliefs, values, attitudes
C)values, attitudes, beliefs
D)values, beliefs, attitudes

Question 5

The "central inner force common to all human beings and yet unique in each," is the definition of

A)the self.
B)interpersonal collaboration.
C)self esteem.
D)self concept.

Question 6

Your ________ help/s you to decide whether it is right or wrong to commit academic dishonesty.

A)values
B)beliefs
C)self concept
D)attitude

Question 7

The way in which you structure your understanding of reality--what is true and what is false--is called a/an

A)value.
B)attitude.
C)belief.
D)personal choice.

Question 8

Philosophers suggest that there are three basic questions to which we all seek answers:

A)Who am I? How did I get here? Is there a God?
B)Who am I? Who are all these others? What effect do I have on others?
C)Is there a God? Who am I? Why am I here?
D)Who am I? Why am I here? Who are all those others?

Question 9

Which are the most resistant to change?

A)beliefs
B)attitudes
C)values
D)concepts

Question 10

Our social self is defined as

A)the ability to think about what we are doing while we are doing it.
B)our reflection of ourselves based on tangible items we own.
C)the part of us that interacts with others.
D)our moral and values.

Question 11

The part of you that consists of your internal thoughts and introspections about your values and moral standards is your

A)androgynous self.
B)material self.
C)spiritual self.
D)social self.

Question 12

Your attitudes are

A)ways you structure your understanding of reality to be true or false.
B)favourable or unfavourable predispositions to things.
C)concepts of what is good and bad, right and wrong.
D)your subjective description of who you are.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the three ways of being self aware?

A)reactive self-awareness
B)objective self-awareness
C)subjective self-awareness
D)symbolic self-awareness

Question 14

You like spinach, movies, and old cars.These are your ________ towards these items.

A)attitudes
B)values
C)beliefs
D)life attitudes

Question 15

Self concept is defined as

A)the sum total of who a person is.
B)a person's subjective description of who the person thinks he or she is.
C)a person's central inner force.
D)the labels another person would use to define us.

Question 16

Our hairstyles, clothing choices, and general way we look are all a part of our

A)material self
B)looking glass self
C)social self
D)spiritual self

Question 17

A learned predisposition to respond to a person, object, or idea in a favourable or unfavourable way is a(n)

A)attitude.
B)belief.
C)value.
D)motive.

Question 18

Attitudes, beliefs, and values are

A)learned constructs that shape your behaviour and self-image.
B)learned predispositions to respond favourably or unfavourably.
C)ways we structure reality.
D)enduring concepts of right and wrong.

Question 19

When we try to lose weight, we are

A)focusing on our social self.
B)responding to the discrepancy between our desired material self and our self-concept.
C)enhancing our looking glass self.
D)focusing on our spiritual self.

Question 20

You let down your hair with a good friend, but you would never dream of doing so with your boss or communication professor.This exemplifies

A)your looking glass self.
B)your spiritual self.
C)your material self.
D)your social self.

Question 21

Your spiritual self is defined as

A)tangible items you own.
B)the essence of who you think you are.
C)the way you act with others.
D)the most important part of your self-concept.

Question 22

Under what conditions are we unlikely to incorporate the comments of others into our self-concepts?

A)when an individual repeats something we have already heard several times.
B)when the other individual has earned our confidence
C)when comments are consistent with our own experiences and other comments.
D)when someone we have never met casually tells us we are good at something.

Question 23

We are more likely to incorporate the comments of others into our self-concept if

A)the statement is made casually.
B)the comment is very different from others we have heard.
C)we do not trust the person making the statement.
D)we are told the same thing on many different occasions.

Question 24

Which of the following reflects the approach that the self is learned through our own labels?

A)Aunt Ruth always said I was a comedian.
B)I am a homemaker, a wife, and a mother.
C)I'm a member of the New Democratic Party!
D)Hey! I'm an outgoing, fun sort of guy.

Question 25

You view yourself as an effective public speaker because you have always received good grades on speeches in school, you have consistently won top honours at speech contests, and you enjoy speaking.On you most recent speech you found yourself feeling extremely nervous, the audience didn't seem to be paying attention to you, and the jokes you told fell flat.Which is the best reason to explain why you are unlikely to incorporate this experience into your self-concept?

A)This experience was inconsistent with your past experiences when speaking.
B)You have no knowledge of the audience's expertise in the area of judging speeches.
C)Generally individuals have told you that you are an effective speaker.
D)You have a bloated sense of your own abilities.

Question 26

Our interactions with others, associations with groups, roles we assume, and our own labels are all contributions to

A)our communication skills.
B)how our self-concept develops.
C)our social self.
D)our spiritual self.

Question 27

Which statement about shyness is NOT true?

A)Shyness is the behavioural tendency to talk with others.
B)Shyness is a discomfort or inhibition in interpersonal situations.
C)Shyness affects about 40 percent of North Americans.
D)Some people just do not like talking in front of other people.

Question 28

Your new friend pronounces your spaghetti sauce to be "out of this world." Of the following, which is the best reason why you are likely to believe your friend?

A)S/He is repeating a sentiment you have heard many times.
B)S/He is an individual who doesn't usually eat spaghetti sauce.
C)Most other people who taste your spaghetti sauce say it needs more salt
D)Your friend is on a diet.

Question 29

Which of the following reflects the approach that the self is learned through our associations with groups?

A)Aunt Ruth always said I was a comedian.
B)I am a homemaker, a wife, and a mother.
C)I'm a Conservative!
D)Hey! I'm an outgoing, fun sort of guy.

Question 30

Which of the following reflects the approach that the self is learned through our interactions with others?

A)Aunt Ruth always said I was a comedian.
B)I am a homemaker, a wife, and a mother.
C)I'm a member of the Bloc Quebecois!
D)I own a BMW!

Question 31

Another name for the "looking glass" concept is

A)labelling.
B)reflected appraisal.
C)communibiological approach.
D)self-reflexiveness.

Question 32

Carlos has a low regard for his own intelligence and abilities but also thinks most other people are not very smart or capable.Which life position does Carlos most closely represent?

A)I'm OK, you're OK
B)I'm OK, you're not OK
C)I'm not OK, you're OK
D)I'm not OK, you're not OK

Question 33

You are on a swim team and your swim coach encourages you to begin training for the Olympics.Which response best explains why this opinion means a great deal to you?

A)No one else has ever felt you were a particularly skilled swimmer.
B)You believe your coach is competent to judge you in this area.
C)You parents and all of your relatives have told you what a strong swimmer you are too.
D)You know you must be good at something.

Question 34

The concept of "looking glass self" is defined as

A)our view of ourselves reflected through our moral standards.
B)our view of ourselves reflected through our material possessions.
C)our view of ourselves based on our interactions with others.
D)our view of ourselves based on our gender roles.

Question 35

A woman never thought of herself as heroic until she went through seventy-two hours of labour before giving birth and then nursed her baby right after delivery.This illustrates that

A)others must tell us what we are like.
B)others must treat us in a manner that we like.
C)once a shy person, always a shy person.
D)through self observation we can discover qualities that allow us to assume different self-labels.

Question 36

Which of the following reflects the approach that the self is learned through the roles we assume?

A)Aunt Ruth always said I was a comedian.
B)I am a homemaker, a wife, and a mother.
C)I'm a Liberal!
D)Hey! I'm an outgoing, fun sort of guy.

Question 37

A set of enduring internal predispositions and behavioural characteristics that describe how people react to their environment is called

A)psychology.
B)personality.
C)social self.
D)looking-glass self.

Question 38

The human ability to think about what we are doing while we are doing it is referred to as

A)generalized-other perspective.
B)self-reflexiveness.
C)self-labelling.
D)specific-other perspective.

Question 39

Which statement is NOT true about the looking glass self?

A)Our behaviour and our sense of who we are are not a consequence of our relationships.
B)Our self changes primarily because of how people respond to us.
C)Our parents are the key individuals who shape who we are.
D)Our friends become highly influential.

Question 40

When you hear yourself being sharp with another person and you consider the impact of your response to this person, you are practicing

A)specific-other perspective.
B)self-labelling.
C)self-reflexiveness.
D)generalized-other perspective.

Question 41

The individual who has positive regard for him/herself and for others is identified as inhabiting which of Eric Berne's life positions?

A)I'm not OK, you're not OK.
B)I'm OK, you're not OK.
C)I'm not OK, you're OK.
D)I'm OK, you're OK.

Question 42

Which of the following is not a contributer to low self-worth?

A)choosing the wrong partners
B)being told that you are an excellent singer
C)becoming dependent on drugs, alcohol, and other substances
D)experiencing problems with eating

Question 43

You ask a friend whose opinion you trust whether you talked too much and laughed too loudly when you had dinner with his parents.You are using which strategy for improving self-esteem

A)developing honest relationships.
B)seeking support.
C)reframing.
D)avoiding comparison.

Question 44

The self-talk method of improving self-esteem is exemplified by

A)telling yourself you can give a performance in the school play that will bring applause.
B)seeing yourself giving a performance in the school play and hearing the audience applause.
C)overlooking the fact that you forgot your lines once in the school play and concentrating on all that you did remember.
D)asking your drama coach for extra help.

Question 45

The individual who has high self regard, but low regard for others is described by which of Eric Berne's life positions?

A)I'm OK, you're OK.
B)I'm OK, you're not OK.
C)I'm not OK, you're OK.
D)I'm not OK, you're not OK.

Question 46

When we redefine events and experiences from different points of view, we are using which of the strategies for improving self-esteem?

A)avoiding comparisons
B)reframing
C)developing honest relationships
D)seeking support

Question 47

By focussing on your own talents and uniqueness, you are following which of the strategies for improving your self-esteem?

A)reframing
B)developing honest relationships
C)avoiding comparisons
D)visualizing

Question 48

The individual who has low self regard but positive regard for others is described by which of Eric Berne's life positions?

A)I'm not OK, you're OK.
B)I'm OK, you're OK.
C)I'm not OK, you're not OK.
D)I'm OK, you're not OK.

Question 49

Which statement is NOT an accurate description of the concept of personality? Your personality

A)influences how you behave.
B)is influenced by genetics-traits you inherit from your ancestors.
C)is developed entirely by the time you are five.
D)is a term that describes the way you react in situations.

Question 50

The individual who has low self regard and low regard for others fits which of Eric Berne's life positions?

A)I'm not OK, you're OK.
B)I'm not OK, you're not OK.
C)I'm OK, you're OK.
D)I'm OK, you're not OK.

Question 51

If you have self-image problems that are so ingrained that you are unable to deal with them through other methods, the text suggests

A)developing honest relationships.
B)letting go of the past.
C)seeking support.
D)avoiding comparisons.

Question 52

Having someone who can help you objectively and honestly to reflect on your virtues is a benefit of

A)reframing.
B)self-talk.
C)avoiding comparisons.
D)developing honest relationships.

Question 53

When you tell your friends how well you did on your test in order to bolster your own self-perception as well as your friends' perception of you, you are involved in

A)face.
B)face work.
C)positive self talk
D)intrapersonal communication.

Question 54

All of the statements are accurate descriptions of "communication apprehension" EXCEPT:

A)it may occur in public speaking situations.
B)it may be the fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person.
C)it is influenced by whether you were encouraged to talk with others when you were a child.
D)is not influenced by heredity.

Question 55

The term self-worth is used interchangeably with

A)self-concept.
B)self-esteem.
C)life position.
D)your material possessions.

Question 56

The concept of ________ helps people measure how well they are doing based on how well others are doing.

A)self esteem
B)self worth
C)social comparison
D)life position

Question 57

Which of the following best describes the concept of face?

A)a person's negative perception of him/herself
B)using communication to maintain your own positive self-perception
C)using communication to improve your own positive self-perception
D)a person's positive perception of him/herself in interactions with others.

Question 58

You see yourself entering an office and shaking hands with the person with whom you will have an important job interview.You are using which technique for improving your self-esteem?

A)visualization
B)reframing
C)self-talk
D)seeking support

Question 59

Self-esteem is often defined as

A)your self-worth.
B)a description of yourself.
C)your material possessions.
D)your spirituality.

Question 60

You failed a test last week. You have since reviewed the material and sought extra help; however, you cannot stop feeling annoyed with yourself for having forgotten the exact date.You are not following which of the suggestions for improving your self-esteem?

A)reframing
B)letting go of the past
C)visualizing
D)developing honest relationships

Question 61

Which is an accurate statement regarding your self-concept and self-esteem?

A)They affect your ability to be sensitive to others, and affect your overall expectations through the self-fulfilling prophecy, but do not affect your interpretation of messages or your communication style.
B)They do not affect your ability to be sensitive to others but affect your overall expectations through the self-fulfilling prophecy as well as your interpretation of messages and your communication style.
C)They affect your ability to be sensitive to others as well as affecting your interpretation of messages and your communication style, but do not affect the self-fulfilling prophecy.
D)They affect your ability to be sensitive to others, your overall expectations through the self-fulfilling prophecy, your interpretation of messages, and your communication style.

Question 62

Becoming centred means

A)to consider another person's thoughts and feelings.
B)to know yourself and to understand how others see you.
C)to predict future actions by believing they will come true.
D)to think about what we are doing while we are doing it.

Question 63

The self-fulfilling prophecy is defined as

A)what we believe about ourselves often comes true because we expect it to come true.
B)placing ourselves in situations that are consistent with our own self-concept and esteem.
C)relying upon information that a person observes to be used in making predictions about behaviour.
D)relying upon information about many people to make a prediction about behaviour.

Question 64

When you conclude that your speech instructor would not appreciate your talking in class without first raising your hand because all of your other instructors prefer that you raise your hand first, you are using which perspective?

A)specific-other
B)reflective
C)generalized-other
D)life positions

Question 65

Before you can become decentred and other-oriented, first you have to feel

A)decentred.
B)androgynous.
C)centred.
D)objective.

Question 66

Social decentring is the the process of

A)focussing on your own abilities and talents instead of those of others.
B)cultivating friends in whom you can confide.
C)the process of taking into account another person's thoughts, feelings, values, background, and perspective.
D)acknowledging your own thoughts, etc., to understand how others see you.

Question 67

The "I" is

A)an image of ourselves based upon the collective responses we receive from others.
B)the ability to think of what we are doing as we are doing it.
C)the ability to make a prediction of another's behaviour.
D)our own perspective of ourselves.

Question 68

When your perception is that you are convinced that you are lousy in math, so you don't really study, and your recent test results confirm that perception, you may be engaging in

A)selective exposure.
B)self-reflexive communication.
C)self-fulfilling prophecy
D)social comparison.

Question 69

Individuals who are both sensitive to criticism and who tend to be more critical of others are likely to have

A)high self-esteem.
B)high self-concept.
C)low self-esteem.
D)low self-concept.

Question 70

To become other-oriented, we must

A)ask others how they view you.
B)compare ourselves to others.
C)recognize that our self is different from others.
D)try to be the same as others.

Question 71

When we use the specific-other perspective, we are

A)relying on information that you have gained by observing a particular person.
B)placing ourselves in situations that would be consistent with our own self-concepts.
C)applying knowledge and personal theories about people in general.
D)consistently relating to others based on our own personalities.

Question 72

When you apply knowledge and personal theories about people in general to a specific person with whom you are interacting, you are using which perspective?

A)specific-other
B)self-fulfilling prophecy
C)generalized-other
D)selective exposure

Question 73

Which statement about health and self-fulfilling prophecy is not true?

A)Attitudes and expectations have no power over healing.
B)A healthy outlook helps heal the heart.
C)Pessimism can be a killer.
D)Patients with positive, cooperative spirits recover more quickly.

Question 74

According to research, individuals with low self-esteem are more likely to have all of the following traits EXCEPT:

A)to be more critical of others.
B)to expect to be rejected by others.
C)to be overly responsive to praise and compliments.
D)to evaluate overall behaviour more positively than that of others.

Question 75

When you derive information firsthand about a specific person and you use that information to make predictions about the person's future behaviour, you are using which perspective?

A)the generalized-other perspective
B)the selective-exposure perspective
C)the specific-other perspective
D)the decentred perspective

Question 76

When you expect to do well on a test and, in fact, you do very well, you may be experiencing the

A)specific-other perspective.
B)self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)generalized-other perspective.
D)looking glass self.

Question 77

Bill knows that Stephanie has a final exam tomorrow.He makes a point not to call her the night before because he knows that if he were studying he would not want to be interrupted.What perspective best represents Bill's actions?

A)a generalized-other perspective
B)a specific-other perspective
C)social decentering
D)a significant-other perspective

Question 78

An important first step in developing an "other" orientation is to

A)find out as much as you can about others.
B)become androgynous.
C)consider how much you know about yourself.
D)become aware of the difference between your own self-concept and the perception others have of you.

Question 79

The "me" is

A)the image of ourselves based on the collective responses we receive from others.
B)the ability to think of what we are doing as we are doing it.
C)the ability to achieve our goals depending on our ability to predict others' behaviours.
D)our own perspective of ourselves.

Question 80

If you know that your roommate does not enjoy large crowds, you conclude that s/he does not want to go to a huge rock concert with you, you are using which perspective?

A)the selective-exposure perspective
B)the generalized-other perspective
C)the decentred perspective
D)the specific-other perspective