Deck 4: A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Question 1

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of

A)gram-negative bacteria.
B)gram-positive bacteria.
C)acid-fast bacteria.
D)mycoplasmas.
E)protoplasts.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is

A)more peptidoglycan.
B)predominance of unique, waxy lipids.
C)easily decolorized.
D)presence of lipopolysaccharide.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages, except

A)flagella.
B)cilia.
C)fimbriae.
D)periplasmic flagella (axial filaments).
E)sex pili.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be

A)material would not be able to cross the cell membrane.
B)protein synthesis would stop.
C)destruction of the cell's DNA.
D)formation of glycogen inclusions.
E)loss of capsule.

Question 5

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called

A)flagella.
B)cilia.
C)fimbriae.
D)periplasmic flagella (axial filaments).
E)sex pili.

Question 6

Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called

A)flagella.
B)cilia.
C)fimbriae.
D)periplasmic flagella (axial filaments).
E)sex pili.

Question 7

All of the following pertain to endotoxins, except they

A)are specific bacterial cell wall lipids.
B)can stimulate fever in the human body.
C)can cause shock in the human body.
D)are involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases.
E)are found in acid fast bacterial cell walls.

Question 8

The periplasmic space is

A)larger in gram-positive bacteria.
B)made up of lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids.
C)an important reaction site for substances entering and leaving the cell.
D)where peptidoglycan is located.
E)absent in gram-negative bacteria.

Question 9

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called

A)flagella.
B)cilia.
C)fimbriae.
D)periplasmic flagella (axial filaments).
E)sex pili.

Question 10

A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is

A)gram-negative.
B)gram-positive.
C)archaea.
D)spheroplast.
E)acid fast.

Question 11

Which of the following, pertaining to prokaryotic cell membranes, is mismatched?

A)internal folds - mesosomes
B)sterols present - mycoplasmas
C)form a bilayer - phospholipids
D)unique hydrocarbon present - cyanobacteria
E)function - regulates transport of nutrients and wastes

Question 12

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease, except

A)inclusions.
B)fimbriae.
C)capsule.
D)slime layer.
E)outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls.

Question 13

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has

A)fimbriae.
B)capsule.
C)mesosomes.
D)flagella.
E)metachromatic granules.

Question 14

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is

A)Mycobacterium.
B)Mycoplasma.
C)Streptococcus.
D)Corynebacterium.
E)Salmonella.

Question 15

The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is

A)amphitrichous.
B)atrichous.
C)lophotrichous.
D)monotrichous.
E)peritrichous.

Question 16

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial

A)cell walls.
B)cell membranes.
C)capsules.
D)slime layers.
E)inclusions.

Question 17

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's

A)ribosomes.
B)inclusions.
C)cell wall.
D)cell membrane.
E)flagella.

Question 18

All bacterial cells have

A)a chromosome.
B)fimbriae.
C)endospores.
D)capsules.
E)flagella.

Question 19

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is

A)endospore.
B)cell wall.
C)cell membrane.
D)capsule.
E)slime layer.

Question 20

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized?

A)slime layer
B)fimbriae
C)cell membrane
D)capsule
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 21

Endospores are

A)metabolically inactive.
B)resistant to heat and chemical destruction.
C)resistant to destruction by radiation.
D)living structures.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 22

An important indicator of evolutionary relatedness is to determine

A)size of the periplasmic space.
B)similarities of cell membrane proteins.
C)size of the bacterial chromosome.
D)nitrogen base sequence of rRNA.
E)size of the ribosomes.

Question 23

What is the correct sequence for a Gram stain?

A)Gram's iodine, Crystal Violet, Alcohol, Safranin
B)Crystal Violet, Safranin, Alcohol, Gram's iodine
C)Crystal Violet, Gram's iodine, Alcohol, Safranin
D)Safranin, Crystal Violet, Gram's iodine, Alcohol
E)Alcohol, Crystal Violet, Safranin, Gram's iodine

Question 24

All of the following are correct about biofilms, except

A)they are cooperative associations among several microbial groups.
B)they play an important role in recycling elements in the earth.
C)they can colonize medical devices.
D)an example could be the scum that builds up in toilet bowls.
E)they are harmless aggregations of microbes.

Question 25

The site/s for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is/are the

A)ribosomes.
B)mitochondria.
C)cell wall.
D)inclusions.
E)cell membrane.

Question 26

All of the following are correct about a slime layer, except

A)it is a type of glycocalyx.
B)it can be easily washed off the cell.
C)it protects the cell from loss of water and nutrients.
D)it plays a role in cell motility.
E)it allows cells to participate in biofilms.

Question 27

Sarcinae refers to

A)cocci in pairs.
B)a cuboidal packet of cells.
C)groups of endopsores.
D)coffee-bean shaped rods in pairs.
E)vibrios in threes.

Question 28

Which is mismatched?

A)ribosomes - protein synthesis
B)inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materials
C)plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism
D)nucleoid - hereditary material
E)cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous solution

Question 29

Which is mismatched?

A)Chlamydias - lack ability to independently complete growth and metabolism
B)Green sulfur bacteria - photosynthetic anaerobes that use sulfur in metabolism
C)Cyanobacteria - filamentous, gliding, thermophilic bacteria
D)Myxobacteria - gliding, fruiting, slime bacteria
E)None of the choices are correct

Question 30

The presence of thylakoids, phycocyanin, gas inclusions, and cysts would be associated with

A)green sulfur bacteria.
B)cyanobacteria.
C)purple sulfur bacteria.
D)archaea.
E)spirochetes.

Question 31

Which phylum is mismatched?

A)Gracilicutes - gram-negative cell walls
B)Firmicutes - gram-positive cell walls
C)Actinobacteria - waxy acid fast cell walls
D)Proteobacteria - archaea cell walls
E)None of the choices are correct

Question 32

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A)coccus
B)tetrad
C)vibrio
D)rod
E)spirochete

Question 33

Bacteria with small bunches of flagella emerging from the same site are said to be

A)lophotrichous.
B)peritrichous.
C)monotrichous.
D)amphitrichous.
E)spirilla.

Question 34

Magnetosomes are

A)infoldings of the cell membrane.
B)termed metachromatic granules.
C)responsible for the heat resistance of endospores.
D)composed of magnetic iron oxide particles.
E)found in all bacteria.

Question 35

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium dipicolinic acid.What is the identity of this structure?

A)cell wall
B)capsule
C)slime layer
D)nucleoid
E)endospore

Question 36

The bacterial chromosome

A)is located in the cell membrane.
B)contains all the cell's plasmids.
C)is part of the nucleoid.
D)forms a single linear strand of DNA.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 37

The function of bacterial endospores is

A)to convert gaseous nitrogen to a usable form for plants.
B)for reproduction and growth.
C)for protection of genetic material during harsh conditions.
D)the storage of excess cell materials.
E)to have sites for photosynthesis.

Question 38

When a rod shaped bacteria is short and plump, it is called a:

A)spirochete.
B)pleomorphism.
C)vibrio.
D)coccobacillus.
E)spirillum.

Question 39

Which statement is not a characteristic of biofilms?

A)They can be involved with human disease.
B)They involve bacteria only.
C)They evolve and adapt to their surroundings.
D)They are very difficult to eliminate with antimicrobials.
E)They can accumulate on living and non-living surfaces.

Question 40

Bacterial endospores are not produced by

A)Staphylococcus.
B)Sporosarcina.
C)Bacillus.
D)Clostridium.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 41

Hot Carbol Fuchsin is the primary dye in the acid fast stain.

Question 42

The prokaryotic cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

Question 43

If you observe rod shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been gram stained, you can assume that their cell walls contain endotoxin.

Question 44

Thiomargarita namibia is the smallest bacteria known to man.

Question 45

Lysozyme, an enzyme found in tears, provides a natural defense against bacteria by

A)hydrolyzing peptidoglycan in cell walls.
B)inhibiting protein synthesis.
C)removing flagella.
D)dissolving the cell membrane.
E)removing the capsule from outside the cell.

Question 46

The prokaryotic flagellum has three parts: the _____, the hook, and the basal body.

Question 47

Which cell structure is an important agent in modern genetic engineering techniques?

A)ribosomes
B)capsules
C)plasmids
D)inclusions
E)mesosomes

Question 48

If during the Gram stain procedure, the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied, gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.

Question 49

The region between the bacterial cell membrane and the cell wall is called the outer membrane.

Question 50

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)Rickettsia rickettsii: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
B)Rickettsia typhi: endemic typhus
C)Chlamydia trachomatis: blindness
D)Coxiella burnetti: Cow pox
E)All of these are correct associations

Question 51

Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-forms lack cell walls.

Question 52

Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 53

Which of the following characteristics is not a property of cells or living things?

A)Cell boundary
B)Ability to replicate
C)Nucleus
D)Responds to stimulus
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 54

A microoganism has been described to you as living in hot acidic habitats in the waste piles of coal mines that regularly sustain a pH of 1 and a temperature of nearly 60 ^$\circ$ C.Which type of organism do you immediately assume it is?

A)Gracillucates
B)Firmicutes
C)Actinobacteria
D)Archaea
E)Spirochaetes

Question 55

The term diplococci refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

Question 56

In the Gram stain, the mordant is

A)Crystal Violet.
B)Safranin.
C)Alcohol.
D)Water.
E)Iodine.

Question 57

Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body, germinate, and cause an infectious disease.

Question 58

The _____ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria.

Question 59

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Question 60

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

Question 61

Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed _____.

Question 62

A prokaryotic ribosome has a 70 S size composed of two smaller subunits of which the smaller subunit is S size.1-16-2013

Question 63

_____ is a macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid cross-linked by short peptide fragments.

Question 64

During the Gram stain, gram _____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

Question 65

_____ Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a manual of bacterial descriptions and classifications.

Question 66

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _____.

Question 67

The cell _____ is composed of three layers: the glycocalyx, the cell wall, and the cell membrane.

Question 68

Discuss biofilms with regard to their formation, unique properties, and significance to the environment and the human body.Explain how a biofilm differs from a typical bacterial colony growing on a nutrient agar medium.

Question 69

Discuss the difference between Bacillus and bacilli, and the difference between Streptococcus and streptococci.

Question 70

The enzyme _____, that is found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

Question 71

Cells form a _____ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side.

Question 72

Compare and contrast the cyanobacteria to the green and purple sulfur bacteria with regard to: a) habitat, b) photosynthesis properties, c) cell properties, and d) impact and importance to the environment.

Question 73

Compare the following: bacterial species, bacterial strain, and bacterial type.
Explain the relationship and development of strains and types to a species.