Deck 24: Introduction to Viruses That Infect Humans: the Dna Viruses

Question 1

All of the following pertain to monkeypox, except:

A)symptoms include skin pocks, fever, and swollen lymph nodes.
B)outbreaks have occurred in Africa.
C)transmission is typically by contact with monkeys, squirrels, and rats.
D)a recent U.S.outbreak involved pet prairie dogs infected by an African rat.
E)the virus has shown a trend in becoming less virulent, with fewer outbreaks in humans.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) causes:

A)genital lesions.
B)intensely sensitive vesicles on or near the genitals.
C)symptoms that include urethritis, cervicitis, and itching.
D)infection in neonates that have contact with lesions in the birth canal.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Herpes whitlow is a deep set herpes simplex virus infection of the:

A)nasal mucosa.
B)finger.
C)oral mucosa and tongue.
D)eye.
E)newborn.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following antivirals is not used for treatment of HSV-1 and HSV-2?

A)Interferon
B)Valacyclovir
C)Acyclovir
D)Famciclovir
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Varicella-zoster virus:

A)uses the respiratory epithelium as its portal of entry.
B)becomes latent in dorsal root ganglia that serve specific dermatomes.
C)has humans as its reservoir.
D)causes chickenpox and shingles.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis typically has fever and lymphocytosis, but in severely immunocompromised patients symptoms include:

A)vesicular lesions in oral mucosa.
B)pocks on skin.
C)sore throat, fever, and tinnitus.
D)severe diarrhea, pneumonitis, hepatitis, and retinitis.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has the following characteristics, except:

A)it replicates in T lymphocytes, macrophages, and salivary gland tissue.
B)it causes roseola in infants.
C)it appears as a mononucleosis-like illness in adults.
D)it causes Kaposi's sarcoma.
E)it is transmitted by saliva.

Question 8

All of the following pertain to herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1), except:

A)it causes gingivostomatitis.
B)it causes cold sores and herpes keratitis.
C)it is latent in the lumbosacral spinal nerve ganglia.
D)it is transmitted by mucous membrane contact with lesions.
E)it causes herpetic whitlow in health-care workers.

Question 9

All of the following belong to the Herpesviridae, except:

A)Varicella-zoster virus.
B)Cytomegalovirus.
C)Variola virus
D)Herpes simplex viruses.
E)Epstein-Barr virus.

Question 10

An occasional serious complication of herpes simplex-1 is:

A)shingles.
B)paralysis.
C)encephalitis.
D)myocarditis.
E)kidney failure.

Question 11

If a person who has never been infected with the varicella-zoster virus comes in contact with a person who has shingles, they will come down with:

A)herpes labialis.
B)shingles.
C)chickenpox.
D)infectious mononucleosis.
E)herpes keratitis.

Question 12

Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis include

A)vesicular lesions in oral mucosa.
B)fever, and pocks on skin.
C)sore throat, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly.
D)fever, severe diarrhea, pneumonitis, hepatitis, and retinitis.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Smallpox is a disease in which:

A)fever, malaise, rash, possible toxemia and shock occurs.
B)virus becomes latent in ganglia of sensory neurons.
C)recurrent episodes are called shingles.
D)can only be transmitted by direct skin contact with skin crusts.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

Cytomegalovirus:

A)is among the most common of human infections.
B)is transmitted by saliva, respiratory mucus, milk, urine, semen, and cervical secretions.
C)can be sexually transmitted.
D)is commonly carried in the latent state.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

The patients at greatest risk for severe cytomegalovirus infection include all the following, except:

A)individuals with hypertension.
B)organ transplant patients.
C)infants infected in utero.
D)AIDS patients.
E)bone marrow transplant patients.

Question 16

Viruses with single-stranded DNA are the:

A)Herpesviruses.
B)Poxviruses.
C)Adenoviruses.
D)Papovaviruses.
E)Parvoviruses.

Question 17

Epstein-Barr virus has the following characteristics, except:

A)it infects the respiratory epithelium.
B)it is transmitted by direct oral contact and saliva.
C)it multiplies and is latent in the parotid gland.
D)it has a 30-50 day incubation.
E)it can be transmitted by contaminated blood transfusions and organ transplants.

Question 18

Chickenpox:

A)is transmitted by inhalation of respiratory secretions.
B)is transmitted by skin lesion contact or airborne spread of lesion material.
C)has an incubation of 10 to 20 days.
D)has fever, and vesicular rash that occurs in successive crops.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Inflammation of the liver with necrosis of the hepatocytes and swelling due to a mononuclear response is a disease called:

A)hepatitis.
B)jaundice.
C)liver cancer.
D)mononucleosis.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 20

The hepadnaviruses:

A)include the adenoviruses.
B)show tropism for the liver.
C)are transmitted by respiratory secretions.
D)are nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 21

Which is incorrect about warts?

A)Caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV).
B)Are transmitted by direct contact or fomites.
C)Include deep plantar warts of soles of the feet.
D)Are usually cancerous.
E)Freezing and laser surgery can be used for removal.

Question 22

Molluscum contagiosum is transmitted by direct contact with skin lesions, fomites, and sexual activity.

Question 23

As of 2000, according to the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses, how are viruses classified?

A)Genetic information only
B)Structure only
C)Chemical composition and structure
D)Genetic information, structure, and chemical composition
E)Genetic information, structure, host, and diseases caused

Question 24

Which virus may play a role in multiple sclerosis?

A)Epstein Barr Virus
B)Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)
C)Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
D)Herpes simplex virus-2
E)Smallpox

Question 25

Fifth disease:

A)is caused by Parvovirus B19.
B)is a childhood febrile disease with a bright red rash on the cheeks.
C)involves pathogen capable of crossing the placenta.
D)in immunodeficient children, destroys red blood cell stem cells.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 26

Which of the following viruses is an RNA virus that causes many cases of transfusion hepatitis?

A)Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
B)Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
C)Adenovirus
D)Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)
E)Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 27

All of the following are similarities between HAV, HBV, and HCV, except:

A)They all cause hepatitis.
B)They are all endemic in the U.S.
C)They all can have an incubation period of one month.
D)There are diagnostic tests available to distinguish between them.
E)They are all RNA viruses.

Question 28

Which is incorrect about viral diseases?

A)Some DNA viruses can become permanent residents of host cells.
B)Viral diseases can be zoonoses.
C)Most DNA viruses multiply in and are released from the cytoplasm.
D)Some viruses are teratogenic.
E)Diagnosis of some diseases involves antigen detection with monoclonal antibodies.

Question 29

Which is incorrect about smallpox?

A)There is an effective vaccine.
B)Transmission is by ingesting contaminated water or food.
C)The vaccine is effective even if given in the first few days after exposure.
D)The poxvirus called variola is the etiological agent.
E)The last case was seen in 1977.

Question 30

Polyomaviruses:

A)cause common asymptomatic to mild infections.
B)cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
C)cause problems in renal transplant patients.
D)include the JC virus and BK virus.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 31

When bilirubin accumulates in the blood and tissues, it causes:

A)shock.
B)hypotension.
C)swelling of the legs.
D)jaundice.
E)gangrene.

Question 32

Hepatitis B infection:

A)has an incubation of 1 to 3 weeks.
B)can be transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
C)increases risk for hepatocellular cancer.
D)is due to a flavivirus.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 33

Which is incorrect about Parvoviruses?

A)They cause several diseases in dogs, cats, and other mammals.
B)They are-single stranded DNA viruses.
C)They cannot be transmissible to the fetus.
D)They cause a disease known as fifth disease.
E)Parvovirus B19 causes erythema infectiosum

Question 34

Which of the following may cause reactivation of varicella-zoster virus as shingles?

A)developing malignancy
B)X-ray treatments
C)immunosuppressive conditions
D)surgery
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 35

Which infection are you likely looking at if you view a direct smear of a cervical scraping and see enlarged (multinucleate giant) cells and intranuclear inclusions?

A)HCV
B)EBV
C)HSV-2
D)VZV
E)HPV

Question 36

Which is not correct about genital warts?

A)The etiological agent is the human polyoma virus JC.
B)They are strongly associated with cancer of the penis.
C)Treatment can involve laser surgery.
D)It is the most common STD in the United States.
E)They are strongly associated with cancer of the cervix.

Question 37

Which of the following are ways to control or treat hepatitis B?

A)Recombinant interferon
B)Heptavax vaccine
C)Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)
D)Recombivax vaccine
E)All of the choices may be recommended.

Question 38

Adenoviruses are:

A)nonenveloped, double-stranded, DNA viruses.
B)transmitted by respiratory and ocular secretions.
C)causes of conjunctivitis, common cold, and an acute hemorrhagic cystitis in children.
D)causes of outbreaks among military recruits.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 39

Hepatitis B virus:

A)is principally transmitted by blood.
B)transmission risks include shared needles, anal intercourse, and heterosexual intercourse.
C)is transmitted to the newborn from chronic carrier mothers.
D)has many chronic carriers.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 40

All of the following pertain to genital warts, except:

A)are not common in the United States
B)are sexually transmitted
C)often occur on the penis, vagina, and cervix
D)includes large cauliflower-like masses called condylomata acuminata
E)certain strains strongly predispose a person to cancer of the cervix or penis

Question 41

The smallpox vaccine uses the _____ virus.

Question 42

All warts caused by human papillomaviruses are linked to cancers.

Question 43

The oral cavity infection called _____ occurs when herpetic vesicles cover the oral mucosa, tongue, cheeks, and lips.

Question 44

Zoster immune globulin (ZIG) and varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) are attenuated vaccines for childhood vaccination.

Question 45

Varicella and herpes zoster are caused by the same virus.

Question 46

Carriers of hepatitis B virus are not common.

Question 47

Parvovirus B19 causes a fatal anemia in the fetus.

Question 48

Poxviruses are the largest and most complex of all animal viruses.

Question 49

Burkett lymphoma is a B-cell malignancy, usually of the jaw, associated with Epstein-Barr infection or coinfection with other diseases.

Question 50

Viruses called _____ viruses become permanent residents in host cells and alternate between inactive periods and recurrent infections.

Question 51

There are vaccines that cause the development of immunity to the hepatitis B virus.

Question 52

The antivirals used for herpes simplex infections have the ability to completely destroy the virus and permanently cure the latent infection.

Question 53

Virtually, everyone becomes infected with the herpesviruses at some time in their lives.

Question 54

The only body fluid that can transmit hepatitis B virus is blood.

Question 55

Liver disease, such as hepatitis, can lead to bilirubin accumulation that causes a yellow tinge to skin and eyes called _____.

Question 56

Variola major and variola minor are the two principal forms of smallpox disease.

Question 57

Chickenpox is caused by a poxvirus.

Question 58

Herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1) enters the _____ cranial nerve where it becomes latent.

Question 59

A virus that causes congenital defects and developmental problems is known as _________.

Question 60

Herpes keratitis is an infection of the eye.

Question 61

Adenoviruses cause an inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea called _____.

Question 62

Compare and contrast chickenpox and shingles, and explain the underlying reasons for their differences in pathogenesis.

Question 63

Passive artificial immunity to the hepatitis B virus is provided by immunization with _____.

Question 64

Compare and contrast Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis A virus, and Hepatitis C virus with regard to: a) virus characteristics, b) reservoir, c) transmission, d) incubation, e) symptoms, f) complications, and g) immunization.

Question 65

Describe viral latency and oncogenicity, and discuss two examples of latent DNA viruses and two examples of oncogenic DNA viruses.

Question 66

Using at least three examples, summarize how HPV can be prevented.