Deck 24: Polymer Materials: Synthetic and Biological

Question 1

In an electrically conducting polymer,what is a "hole"?

A)It is a region of negative charge.
B)It is a delocalized π electron.
C)It is an antibonding π molecular orbital.
D)It is a π molecular orbital from which a π electron has been abstracted.
E)It is an ion,such as I₃^-,added to increase the conductivity of the polymer.

Answer 1

It is a π molecular orbital from which a π electron has been abstracted.

Question 2

The polymer is formed by addition of which of the following?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₃
B)CH₂ = CH - CH₃
C)CH₃CH = C(CH₃)₂
D)H₂C = CH - CH - CH₂
E)CH₃ - CH = CH - CH₃

Answer 2

CH₃ - CH = CH - CH₃

Question 3

The polymer formed from ethylene glycol (HOCH₂CH₂OH)and1,3-propanedicarboxylic acid (HOOCCH₂COOH)is what type of polymer?
I.addition polymer
II.condensation polymer
III.homopolymer
IV.copolymer

A)II and IV
B)II and III
C)I and IV
D)I and III
E)None of these; it's a polyamide.

Answer 3

II and IV

Question 4

What is the polymer formed by the condensation of ethylene glycol,HOCH₂CH₂OH,with 1,3-propanedicarboxylic acid,HOOCCH₂COOH?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 5

Which of the following pairs of substances could form a polyester?

A)H₂NCH₂COOH + H₂NCH₂CH₂COOH
B)HO(CH₂)₄COOH + HOCH₂CH=CHCH₃
C)HOCH₂CH₂OH + HOOCCOOH
D)H₂C=CHCH₃ + HOCH₂CH₂COOH
E)H₂C=CHCN + H₂C=CHCH₃

Question 6

What of the following polymers could be produced by the free-radical addition of 1,1-difluoroethylene,F₂C=CH₂?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 7

Which of the following is not an electrically conducting polymer?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 8

Which of the following statements does not describe natural rubber?

A)It is a copolymer.
B)Isoprene is the monomer.
C)It may be sticky unless it has been vulcanized.
D)It is a homopolymer.
E)It can be made from the sap of a certain tree.

Question 9

For a free-radical addition polymerization,which of the following statements is true?

A)Upon polymerization,σ-bonds are transformed into π-bonds.
B)The final polymer is a free radical.
C)A copolymer is formed between the monomer and the initiator.
D)Upon polymerization,π-bonds are transformed into σ-bonds.
E)The final polymer must be electrically conducting.

Question 10

What is the type of polymer formed when 1,5-pentanediol,HOCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH,reacts with 1,6-hexanedicarboxylic acid,HOOCCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH?

A)polyacetylene
B)polyester
C)polyamide
D)polypropylene
E)polyolefin

Question 11

The amino acid L-lysine has the amine side chain R = −(CH₂)₄NH₂.At low pH,all ionizable groups are protonated.What is the net charge on this fully protonated form of L-lysine?

A)2
B)1
C)−1
D)−2
E)0

Question 12

Which of the following combinations can produce a condensation polymer? (R and R' are alkyl groups)

A)R−OH + HOOC−R'−COOH
B)HO−R−OH + R'−COOH
C)H₂N−R−NH₂ + HOOC−R'−COOH
D)A and C
E)A,B,and C

Question 13

What is the type of polymer formed when 1,4-butanecarboxylic acid,HOOCCH₂CH₂COOH,reacts with 1,4-diaminobutane,H₂NCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂?

A)polyacetylene
B)polyolefin
C)polystyrene
D)polyester
E)polyamide

Question 14

What is the polymer formed by the condensation of 1,3-propanedicarboxylic acid,HOOCCH₂COOH,with 1,2-diaminoethane,NH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 15

Consider the polymer drawn below: What monomer(s)could produce the above polymer?

A)CH₂ = CH₂ and CH₃CH = CH₂
B)CH₃CH = CHCH₃
C)CH₂ = C(CH₃)₂
D)CO and CH₂ = CH₂
E)none of these

Question 16

Which of the following is not an addition polymer?

A)poly(vinyl chloride)
B)polyethylene
C)polystyrene
D)polypropylene
E)polyester

Question 17

The side chain on the amino acid phenylalanine is classified as

A)polar.
B)asymmetric.
C)hydrophilic.
D)nonpolar.
E)chiral.

Question 18

For the addition polymer polyacrylonitrile shown below,what is the chemical structure of the monomer?

A)​
B)
C)
D)​
E)​

Question 19

Elimination of a small molecule such as water is involved in formation of which type of polymer?

A)condensation polymer
B)addition polymer
C)free-radical polymer
D)homopolymer
E)copolymer

Question 20

The structure of the polymer used in a freezer wrap can mainly be described as follows:
[CCl₂ -CH₂ -CCl₂ -CH₂ -CCl₂ -CH₂ -CCl₂ -CH₂]_n
Which monomer could produce this polymer?

A)Cl₂C - CH₂
B)CCl₂
C)CCl₂ = CH₂
D)Cl₂C = CH₂ = CCl₂
E)none of these

Question 21

The side chain on the amino acid tyrosine is classified as

A)hydrophobic.
B)nonpolar.
C)a zwitterion.
D)polar.
E)asymmetric.

Question 22

A fragment of a DNA molecule has the base sequence TGAC.What is the complementary sequence?

A)GTCA
B)CAGT
C)AGTC
D)ACTG
E)TGAC

Question 23

Which of the following is the zwitterionic form of glycine (R = H)?

A)(^-NHCH₂CO₂H)
B)NH₂CHCO₂H⁺
C)(⁺NH₂CH₂CO₂^-)
D)(⁺NH₃CH₂CO₂^-)
E)(NH₂CH₂CO₂^-)

Question 24

Which of the following represents the linkage connecting amino acids in proteins?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 25

Which of the following is an amino acid?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 26

How many different tripeptides can be made from two molecules of the amino acid valine (val)and one molecule of the amino acid alanine (ala)?

A)4
B)3
C)1
D)5 or more
E)2

Question 27

The nucleic acid sequence that is complementary to the DNA sequence GAC TAC GTT AGC is

A)CTG ATG CAA TCG.
B)GAC TAC GTT AGC.
C)CGA TTG CAT CAG.
D)TCA GCA TGG CTA.
E)none of these

Question 28

Which of the following amino acids has a hydrophilic side chain?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 29

Polymers of amino-acid units are called

A)metabolites.
B)nucleic acids.
C)lipids.
D)carbohydrates.
E)proteins.

Question 30

What is the functional group corresponding to a peptide bond?

A)amine
B)ether
C)amide
D)hemiacetal
E)carboxylic acid

Question 31

When L-lysine (R = −(CH₂)₄NH₂)is reacted with a large excess of strong base,which of the following ions is the predominant species in solution?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 32

Near a pH of 5.5,L-lysine (R = −(CH₂)₄NH₂)the major species in aqueous solution is the diprotonated zwitterion.Given the following acid dissociation constants,what is the correct structure of the zwitterion?
Functional Group
K_a
Carboxylic acid
1)7 x10^-2
Amine
8)5 x10^-10
Side chain amine
1)51 x10^-11

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 33

The sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds in a protein is the

A)tertiary structure.
B)hydrogen bonding.
C)primary structure.
D)quaternary structure.
E)secondary structure.

Question 34

Which of the following amino acids has a hydrophobic side chain?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 35

Which of the following structures is the best representation for the amino acid alanine under physiological conditions?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 36

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

A)proteins
B)monosaccharides
C)lipids
D)nucleotides
E)amino acids

Question 37

The overall shape of a protein is maintained by

A)hydrogen bonding.
B)ionic bonds.
C)dipole-dipole bonding.
D)covalent bonds.
E)all of these

Question 38

The alpha helix and beta sheet are examples of

A)protein denaturation.
B)protein primary structure.
C)complementary bases.
D)protein tertiary structure.
E)protein secondary structure.

Question 39

A hemiacetal is formed from

A)an alcohol and a ketone.
B)a carboxylic acid and a mercaptan.
C)an alcohol and an ether.
D)an aldehyde and an alcohol.
E)an ester and an amine.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is correct?

A)Fibrous proteins tend to form long,water-soluble fibers,while globular proteins tend to form compact,water-soluble shapes.
B)Fibrous proteins tend to form long,water-insoluble fibers,while globular proteins tend to form compact,water-soluble shapes.
C)Fibrous proteins tend to form long,water-insoluble fibers,while globular proteins tend to form compact,water-insoluble shapes.
D)Both fibrous proteins and globular proteins tend to form water-soluble structures of about the same shape.
E)Fibrous proteins tend to form long,water-soluble fibers,while globular proteins tend to form compact,water-insoluble shapes.

Question 41

What is the cell structure that contains the cell's DNA?

A)chromosome
B)codon
C)ribosome
D)gene
E)nucleus

Question 42

Which of the following units is not found in a DNA molecule?

A)a phosphate group
B)a peptide bond
C)an organic base
D)a five-membered ring
E)a ribose sugar

Question 43

A compound used to make a polymer and from which the polymer's unit arises is called a _____.

A)​amine
B)​monomer
C)​amide
D)​hydroxide
E)​alkane

Question 44

Double stranded DNA may be represented as a double helix with the two strands held together by

A)hydrogen bonds.
B)covalent bonds.
C)disulfide bonds.
D)hydrophobic bonds.
E)ionic bonds.

Question 45

Which of the following is(are)not necessary for protein synthesis at the time and place where synthesis occurs?

A)ribosomes
B)DNA
C)mRNA
D)amino acids
E)tRNA

Question 46

Which type of molecule attaches itself to a ribosome,where it serves as a pattern for protein biosynthesis?

A)transfer RNA
B)protein
C)DNA
D)ribosomal RNA
E)messenger RNA

Question 47

Which type of molecule is responsible for carrying an amino acid to a ribosome?

A)protein
B)DNA
C)ribosomal RNA
D)messenger RNA
E)transfer RNA

Question 48

Which of the following 2'-deoxynucleotides contains the base thymine?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 49

A hemiketal is formed from a(n)_____.

A)​alcohol and an aldehyde
B)​ketone and an ether
C)​ketone and an alcohol
D)​alcohol and an ester
E)​ether and an ester

Question 50

How many RNA nucleotides are in a codon?

A)1
B)5
C)2
D)4
E)3

Question 51

What is the charge on each phosphate group in DNA in an aqueous solution near physiological pH?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)−1
E)−2

Question 52

A(n)_____ is a linear polymer of nucleotide units linked from the hydroxyl group at the 3' carbon of the pentose of one nucleotide to the phosphate group of the other nucleotide.

A)​ribonucleotide
B)​polysaccharide
C)​polynucleotide
D)​ketopentose
E)​aldopentose

Question 53

What is the nitrogenous base that is found in RNA but not in DNA?

A)thymine
B)guanine
C)uracil
D)cytosine
E)adenine

Question 54

Where in the cell does protein synthesis cell take place?

A)ribosome
B)nucleus
C)gene
D)chromosome
E)codon

Question 55

What is the significance of a "stop codon"?

A)When it appears in messenger RNA,it is a signal to stop protein biosynthesis.
B)When it appears in transfer RNA,it is a signal to stop transferring amino acids to the growing protein chain.
C)When it appears in DNA,it is a signal to stop chromosome biosynthesis.
D)When it appears in a protein,it is a signal for the protein to unfold.
E)When it appears in ribosomal RNA,it is a signal to stop catalyzing protein biosynthesis.

Question 56

A(n)_____ is a chemical species of very high molecular weight made up from many units of low molecular weight covalently linked together.

A)​polymer
B)​amine
C)​monomer
D)​hydroxide
E)​alkane