Deck 24: Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants

Question 1

A sweet substance used by many angiosperms to lure pollinators is

A) "honey dew."
B) phloem sap.
C) honey.
D) pollen.
E) nectar.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Whorl two of a flower is made up of the

A) male parts of a flower.
B) female parts of a flower.
C) petals.
D) sepals.
E) stem region.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The portion of a flower that receives the pollen is the

A) anther.
B) ovary.
C) sepal.
D) style.
E) stigma.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Clones are

A) offspring that are genetically identical to their parent.
B) offspring that are produced sexually and are genetically identical to their parent.
C) produced by sexual reproduction.
D) offspring that are produced asexually and are genetically identical to their parent.
E) produced by asexual reproduction.

Question 5

The whorl of a flower that consists of the female reproductive parts is the

A) stigma.
B) corolla.
C) calyx.
D) carpel.
E) stamen.

Question 6

Angiosperms owe their widespread distribution to their production of pollen,seeds,and flowers.Why is the production of flowers an advantage?

A) It allows fertilization in moist areas.
B) It allows fertilization in the absence of water.
C) It protects and nourishes the embryo.
D) It promotes pollination.
E) It is necessary for sexual reproduction.

Question 7

Whorl three of a flower is made up of the

A) stem region.
B) male parts of a flower.
C) petals.
D) female parts of a flower.
E) sepals.

Question 8

Whorl four of a flower is made up of the

A) male reproductive parts of a flower.
B) petals.
C) female reproductive parts of a flower.
D) sepals.
E) stem region.

Question 9

Angiosperms owe their widespread distribution to their production of pollen,seeds,and flowers.Why is the production of seeds an advantage?

A) It allows fertilization in the absence of water.
B) It allows fertilization in moist areas.
C) It is necessary for sexual reproduction.
D) It promotes pollination.
E) It protects and nourishes the embryo.

Question 10

The whorl of a flower that consists of all the sepals is the

A) stamen.
B) calyx.
C) carpel.
D) corolla.
E) stigma.

Question 11

Whorl one,the outermost whorl of a flower,is made up of the

A) female parts of a flower.
B) petals.
C) stem region.
D) male parts of a flower.
E) sepals.

Question 12

The egg-bearing structure of a flower is the

A) stigma.
B) ovary.
C) style.
D) sepal.
E) anther.

Question 13

Angiosperms owe their widespread distribution to their production of pollen,seeds,and flowers.Why is the production of pollen an advantage?

A) It is necessary for sexual reproduction.
B) It protects and nourishes the embryo.
C) It allows fertilization in the absence of water.
D) It promotes pollination.
E) It allows fertilization in moist areas.

Question 14

In all major groups of multicellular organisms,_______________ produces the cells that begin the haploid generation,and _________________ unites the gametes to begin the diploid generation.

A) meiosis; fertilization
B) mitosis; pollination
C) pollination; fertilization
D) fertilization; mitosis
E) fertilization; meiosis

Question 15

The whorl of a flower that consists of all petals is the

A) stamen.
B) calyx.
C) stigma.
D) carpel.
E) corolla.

Question 16

The number of similar anatomical parts called whorls that make up a complete flower is

A) four.
B) one.
C) two.
D) three.
E) five.

Question 17

A scion is

A) a part of a plant that is grafted to root stock of a closely related plant.
B) the root stock to which another plant part is grafted.
C) a triploid zygote that develops into endoderm.
D) a tetraploid zygote formed from the union of two diploid nuclei.
E) a clone of a plant created by tissue culture in a lab.

Question 18

In biology lab,your teacher places petri dishes on the lab table.Upon examination,you observe that there are lumps of plant tissue,and you are told that they have been grown artificially and can produce new plants.Each lump is a(n)

A) tetraploid zygote.
B) stigma.
C) amnion.
D) scion.
E) callus.

Question 19

The sporophyte generation of a plant is _________________ and produces ___________________ spores.

A) haploid; diploid
B) triploid; haploid
C) diploid; haploid
D) multicellular; diploid
E) triploid; diploid

Question 20

The pollen-producing body of a flower is the

A) stigma.
B) ovary.
C) anther.
D) style.
E) sepal.

Question 21

Where are floral microspores located?

A) ovule
B) corolla
C) anther
D) sepal
E) stigma

Question 22

Hiking a trail,you observe large white flowers,having large anthers,and producing a strong aroma,yet no pollinators are currently visible.The pollinators likely to pollinate these flowers are

A) bats and moths.
B) bees.
C) beetles.
D) flies.
E) birds.

Question 23

In plants,molecules that perceive the quality and quantity of light are

A) chemoreceptors.
B) photoreceptors.
C) mechanoreceptors.
D) gradient receptors.
E) pressure receptors.

Question 24

A biochemical synthesized in small quantities in one part of an organism and transported to another,where a target cell is affected is a(n)

A) scion.
B) enzyme.
C) callus.
D) spore.
E) hormone.

Question 25

Typically in a flower the sepals _____,while the petals _____.

A) are in a whorl around the flower; comprise the male and female flower parts
B) produce pollen by meiosis; produce eggs by meiosis
C) are soft, colorful, and attract pollinators; are green, fleshy, and protect the flower
D) are green, fleshy, and protect the flower; are soft, colorful, and attract pollinators
E) produce pollen; receive pollen

Question 26

The plant hormone that stimulates cell division in seeds and fruits is

A) auxin.
B) cytokinin.
C) abscisic acid.
D) jasmonic acid.
E) ethylene.

Question 27

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a(n)_____ to a receptive _____.

A) ovary; stigma
B) stigma; ovary
C) stigma; anther
D) anther; stigma
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 28

The resumption of growth and development after a period of seed dormancy is

A) germination.
B) fertilization.
C) transpiration.
D) pollination.
E) stagnation.

Question 29

The main pollinators of flowers that have markings visible only under ultraviolet light are

A) flies.
B) bats and moths.
C) bees.
D) beetles.
E) birds.

Question 30

Where are floral megaspores located?

A) anther
B) ovule
C) sepal
D) stigma
E) corolla

Question 31

The plant hormone that triggers the withering of petals and stamens and promotes fruit ripening is

A) abscisic acid.
B) gibberellins.
C) jasmonic acid.
D) cytokinins.
E) ethylene.

Question 32

Three college students purchased a bag of fresh-picked,unripened apples from a nearby orchard.Keeping the apples in a paper bag for several days,the apples ripened.This was a response to the plant hormone

A) ethylene.
B) abscisic acid.
C) auxin.
D) gibberellin.
E) jasmonic acid.

Question 33

The ___ is an example of a(n)___ fruit that is derived from tightly clustered flowers whose ovaries have fused.

A) cherry; simple
B) tomato; berry
C) strawberry; aggregate
D) pineapple; multiple
E) burdock; fur-dispersed

Question 34

A seed's response to gravity is called

A) phototropism.
B) chemotropism.
C) gravitropism.
D) thigmotropism.
E) organotropism.

Question 35

The type of fruit that is derived from one flower with one carpel is a ______________ fruit.

A) simple
B) aggregate
C) axillary
D) multiple
E) double

Question 36

The type of fruit that is derived from one flower with many separate carpels is a _____________ fruit.

A) axillary
B) multiple
C) double
D) aggregate
E) simple

Question 37

A directional response to touch exhibited by plants is called

A) phototropism.
B) gravitropism.
C) chemotropism.
D) organotropism.
E) thigmotropism.

Question 38

On a field trip,clearing clouds and warming temperatures reveal red flowers along the trail.You will expect them to be visited and pollinated by

A) birds.
B) beetles.
C) bees.
D) bats.
E) moths.

Question 39

A tissue that is formed from a triploid nucleus and that stores food for the developing plant embryo is the

A) mesosperm.
B) microspore.
C) endosperm.
D) endoderm.
E) mesoderm.

Question 40

The flower structure that consists of the male reproductive parts is the

A) carpel.
B) calyx.
C) stamen.
D) stigma.
E) corolla.

Question 41

What is the normal function of fruits?

A) protect seeds
B) attract pollinators and protect seeds
C) protect and disperse seeds
D) attract pollinators
E) disperse seeds

Question 42

Cocklebur will not flower if exposed to 8 hours of dark and 16 hours of light.It will flower if exposed to 16 hours of dark and 8 hours of light.However,if the 16 hours of dark is interrupted with a brief period of light,the cocklebur will not flower.Which of the following will trigger cocklebur to flower?

A) long dark periods
B) short dark periods
C) short light periods
D) long light periods

Question 43

Double fertilization reduces the energetic cost of reproduction.In gymnosperms,the female gametophyte stockpiles food for the embryo in advance of fertilization.The investment is wasted if no zygote ever forms.In contrast,double fertilization ensures that an angiosperm devotes energy to the zygote only if sperm fertilizes the egg.Where is this energy stored in a fertilized angiosperm?

A) zygote
B) endosperm
C) stigma
D) egg
E) pollen

Question 44

You plant a seed into a pot containing some soil,and then add water and place the pot under a light.After the seedling emerged,complete with two green leaves,the carbon dioxide levels decreased in the closed chamber.The developing seedling was using which of the following as a source of energy during this time?

A) water from the soil
B) starch from the seed
C) sugars from the soil
D) nutrients from the soil
E) light

Question 45

Senescence means that

A) a plant is aging towards death or dormancy.
B) All of these answer options are correct.
C) a plant is potentially going through leaf abscission.
D) plant tissues are breaking down more molecules.
E) a plant is doing less synthesis of molecules.

Question 46

A region of separation that forms near the base of the leaf's petiole when the leaf is shed is the

A) Casparian strip.
B) endosperm.
C) statolith.
D) abscission zone.
E) pericycle.

Question 47

You plant a seed into a pot containing some soil,and then add water and place the pot under a light.In the first week,before the seedling even emerged from the soil,carbon dioxide levels increased in the closed chamber.The developing plant was using which of the following as a source of energy during this first week?

A) sugars from the soil
B) water from the soil
C) starch from the seed
D) nutrients from the soil
E) light

Question 48

You plant a seed into a pot containing some soil,and then add water and place the pot under a light.In the first week,before the seedling even emerged from the soil,carbon dioxide levels increased in the closed chamber.This indicated that __________ was occurring.

A) cellular respiration
B) fertilization
C) photosynthesis
D) alcohol fermentation
E) sucrose production

Question 49

Clover will flower if exposed to 8 hours of dark and 16 hours of light.It will not flower if exposed to 16 hours of dark and 8 hours of light.However,if the 16 hours of dark is interrupted with a brief period of light,the clover will flower.Which of the following will trigger clover to flower?

A) long light periods
B) short dark periods
C) short light periods
D) long dark periods

Question 50

In the late 1870s,Charles Darwin and his son Francis discovered that if the tip of the grass was covered,phototropism did not occur,even though the rest of the grass was exposed to light.However,if the rest of the plant was covered and only the tip exposed to light,the grass bent a few centimeters below the tip.How could light striking the tip of the grass cause bending a few centimeters from the tip? Choose the most likely explanation from the below choices.

A) The bending must start at the tip and move down the entire blade of grass.
B) The light is being transmitted from the tip, to cells at the site of bending.
C) Bending is independent of the source of light.
D) The light must be striking the cells that bend as well.
E) A hormone must be carrying the response from the tip to the site of bending.

Question 51

You plant a seed into a pot containing some soil,and then add water and place the pot under a light.After the seedling emerged,complete with two green leaves,the carbon dioxide levels decreased in the closed chamber.This indicated that _________ was occurring.

A) sucrose production
B) photosynthesis
C) fertilization
D) cellular respiration
E) alcohol fermentation

Question 52

Which structures do fruits arise from?

A) flowers
B) leaves
C) apical meristems
D) stems
E) roots

Question 53

As a seed germinates,its shoot points upward toward light,and its roots grows downward into the soil.Turn the plant sideways,and the stem and roots bend according to the new direction of gravity.How do roots respond to gravity?

A) through thigmotropism
B) through circadian rhythms
C) by the absorption of light by phytochromes
D) by the movement of statoliths within the cell
E) by sensing the photoperiod

Question 54

Cytokinins are water-soluble hormones produced in the root apical meristem and stimulate the growth of lateral buds.How do cytokinins reach the lateral buds?

A) through the phloem or xylem
B) through the xylem
C) through the phloem
D) by diffusion as a gas
E) through the phloem or by diffusion as a gas

Question 55

The size of a plant's seeds reflects an evolutionary trade-off.Large,heavy seeds contain ample nutrient reserves to fuel seedling growth but may not travel far.Small seeds,on the other hand,store limited nutrients but tend to disperse far and wide.The crops that humans cultivate typically have larger seeds than do their wild ancestors.How has human farming altered the evolution of these crops?

A) We have removed the selection pressure favoring small seed size.
B) Because we spread the seeds, we can spread more smaller seeds per acre, thus favoring these plants.
C) We have created crop plants that are more competitive in the wild than their ancestors.
D) We grow the plants under conditions that favor the growth of larger seeds.
E) By using fertilizers, the seeds do not need to store as many nutrients.

Question 56

If you wanted a grass plant to bend to the right,where would you want to apply auxin?

A) on the right side of the tip of the grass
B) on the left side of the grass, a few centimeters down from the tip
C) on the left side of the tip of the grass
D) on the right side of the grass, a few centimeters down from the tip

Question 57

If a gardener cuts the apical meristem of a plant,lateral buds begin to grow which causes a bushier shape to develop.This is because the apical meristem normally secretes auxins that do which of the following?

A) stimulate the growth of lateral buds
B) suppress the growth of the apical meristem
C) stimulate the growth of roots
D) stimulate the growth of the apical meristem
E) suppress the growth of lateral buds

Question 58

Packages of vegetable seeds typically include an ideal planting depth.If planted too deep,the seeds will not germinate.How do the plants sense if they are too deep?

A) Thigmotropism is disrupted.
B) The apical meristem cannot reach the surface of the soil
C) Statoliths can no longer move.
D) Phytochromes can no longer absorb light.
E) Circadian rhythms are disrupted.

Question 59

As a seed germinates,its shoot points upward toward light,and its roots grow downward into the soil.Turn the plant sideways,and the stem and roots bend according to the new direction of gravity.How do roots and shoots grow in opposite directions as the plant is rotated?

A) The circadian rhythms of roots and shoots are opposite.
B) The absorption of light by phytochromes only occurs in shoots.
C) through differences in thigmotropism
D) The roots and shoots respond oppositely to auxin.
E) Statoliths move in the opposite direction of roots and shoots.

Question 60

In the late 1870s,Charles Darwin and his son Francis discovered that if the tip of the grass was covered,phototropism did not occur,even though the rest of the grass was exposed to light.However,if the rest of the plant was covered and only the tip exposed to light,the grass bent a few centimeters below the tip.Which of the following was sensing the light?

A) auxin-detecting cells in the tip of the grass
B) auxin-detecting cells a few centimeters below the tip of the grass
C) auxin-producing cells a few centimeters below the tip of the grass
D) auxin-producing cells in the tip of the grass

Question 61

Which animals were most likely to eat the hot peppers?

A) cactus mice and pack rats
B) thrashers
C) pack rats
D) cactus mice
E) Cactus mice, pack rats, and thrashers all ate the peppers equally.

Question 62

What conclusion did the researchers draw from the results of the feeding preference studies?

A) The capsaicin deterred the thrashers from eating and dispersing the seeds.
B) The capsaicin deterred the mice and rats from eating and destroying the seeds.
C) The capsaicin deterred the mice and rats from eating and dispersing the seeds.
D) The capsaicin deterred the thrashers from eating and destroying the seeds.

Question 63

Peppers that produce more capsaicin would lose fewer seeds to herbivores.This would lead to which of the following?

A) directional selection
B) stabilizing selection
C) sexual selection
D) artificial selection
E) disruptive selection

Question 64

A seed is an embryo and its food supply is inside a seed coat.

Question 65

Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that activates a plant's defenses against predators.

Question 66

Coconuts are fruits containing seeds that are usually wind dispersed.

Question 67

Gymnosperms are the flowering plants.

Question 68

When Tewsbury and Nabhan carried out feeding preferences studies,they were testing their hypothesis that peppers are hot

A) to promote pollination of the peppers.
B) for a reason unrelated to seed dispersal or destruction.
C) to promote dispersion when animals drop the hot fruit.
D) to deter seed destroyers without affecting dispersers.
E) to deter all animals from destroying the seeds.

Question 69

The first step in the germination of a plant seed is the absorption of water.

Question 70

A farmer might use gibberellins to stimulate stem elongation in plants,thereby increasing the crop yield in some plants.

Question 71

Seedless watermelons come from seeds that are triploid and therefore do not develop properly.They are simply soft hulls that are easy to chew.

Question 72

The root and shoot apical meristems form at the same point in the plant embryo.

Question 73

Jasmonic acid is a plant hormone that activates a plant's defenses against predators.

Question 74

What is a seed?

A) a diploid embryo
B) a haploid gametophyte
C) a mature pollen
D) a diploid spore
E) a mature sporophyte

Question 75

Cytokinins are plant hormones that stimulate the ripening of fruit.

Question 76

How are animals involved in the life cycle of plants?

A) pollinators and seed dispersers
B) seed germinators
C) pollinators
D) seed dispersers
E) seed dispersers and germinators

Question 77

All tropisms result from differential growth in which one side of the responding organ grows faster than the other.