Deck 1: An Introduction to Business Statistics

Question 1

Which one of the following is a quantitative variable?

A)The make of a TV.
B)A person's gender.
C)A person's height.
D)Whether a person is an university graduate or not.
E)Whether a person has a credit card.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

If we sample without replacement,we do not place the unit chosen on a particular selection back into the population.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Ratio variables have the following unique characteristic:

A)Meaningful order
B)An arbitrarily defined zero value
C)Categorical in nature
D)Predictable with 100% accuracy
E)Equal distance between points

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Undercoverage is when some units of the population are mistakenly included in the sample.

Question 5

A population is a set of units (usually people,objects,or events).

Question 6

Statistical inference is the science of using a sample of measurements to make generalizations about the important aspects of a population of measurements.

Question 7

When we are choosing a random sample and we do not place chosen units back into the population,we are

A)sampling with replacement.
B)sampling by convenience.
C)using a systematic sample.
D)using a voluntary response sample.
E)sampling without replacement.

Question 8

Temperature, (in degrees Celsius)is an example of a(n)________ variable.

A)nominative
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio
E)random

Question 9

Which one of the following is a categorical variable?

A)Air temperature.
B)Bank account balance.
C)Daily sales in a store.
D)Whether a person has a traffic violation.
E)Value of company stock.

Question 10

An example of a qualitative variable is the fuel efficiency of a car,measured in L/100km.

Question 11

Nonresponse reduces the sample size and may have a negative impact on the generalization of results if the individuals who do not respond are themselves nonrandom.

Question 12

A process is in statistical control if it does not exhibit any unusual process variations.

Question 13

If we examine half of the population measurements,we are conducting a census of the population.

Question 14

Jersey numbers of soccer players are an example of a(n)___________ variable.

A)nominative
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio
E)random

Question 15

The two levels of measurement for quantitative variables are

A)ordinal and ratio.
B)interval and ordinal.
C)nominative and ordinal.
D)interval and ratio.
E)nominative and interval.

Question 16

An example of a quantitative variable is the make of a car.

Question 17

By taking a systematic sample,in which we select every 100^th shopper arriving at a specific store,we are approximating a random sample of shoppers.

Question 18

Measurements from a population are also known as

A)statistics.
B)observations.
C)variables.
D)processes.
E)functions.

Question 19

If the runs plot for a process shows increasing variation around a constant level,then the process is

A)reliable.
B)capable.
C)profitable.
D)predictable.
E)out of control.

Question 20

A random sample is selected so that,on each selection from the population,every unit remaining in the population on that selection has the same chance of being chosen.

Question 21

When a researcher uses a(n)_____ sample,they decrease bias in the sample.

A)voluntary response
B)small
C)expensive
D)random
E)convenience

Question 22

The two levels of measurement for qualitative variables are

A)ordinal and ratio.
B)interval and ordinal.
C)nominative and ordinal.
D)interval and ratio.
E)nominative and interval.

Question 23

A(n)_____ variable is a qualitative variable such that there is no meaningful ordering or ranking of the categories.

A)ratio
B)ordinal
C)nominative
D)interval
E)random

Question 24

A _____ plot is a graph of individual process measurements versus time.

A)line
B)runs
C)scatter
D)pie-chart
E)stem

Question 25

A researcher believes a person's gender will influence their answer to a particular question.In order to take this into account,the researcher selects a random sample of 100 men and another random sample of 100 women.This is an example of a ______ sample.

A)stratified random
B)simple random
C)biased
D)multistage cluster
E)systematic

Question 26

An identification of police officers by rank would represent a(n)____________ level of measurement.

A)nominative
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio
E)professional

Question 27

Each customer in a market research study is asked to identify their favourite beverage.The level of measurement for this study would be at the _____ level.

A)nominal
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio
E)quantitative

Question 28

Degree program entrance exam scores,such as MCAT scores,are an example of a(n)________________ variable.

A)ordinal
B)ratio
C)nominative
D)interval
E)undefined

Question 29

Which one of the following sampling methods would generally lead to the least reliable statistical inferences about the population from which the sample has been selected?

A)A random sample selected without replacement.
B)A random sample selected with replacement.
C)A voluntary response sample.
D)A systematic sample.
E)A stratified random sample.

Question 30

______________ is the science of using a sample of measurements to make generalizations about the important aspects of a population.

A)Statistical process control
B)Descriptive statistics
C)Random sample
D)Statistical inference
E)Deductive reasoning

Question 31

If a process does not exhibit any unusual process variations,then the process is said to be in _________.

Question 32

The number of kilometres a truck is driven before it is overhauled is an example of a(n)_____________ variable.

A)nominative
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio
E)maintenance

Question 33

In sampling from the population,a _____ is a unique group representing a segment of the population of interest and which has been predetermined by the researcher.

A)focus group
B)system
C)parliament
D)response
E)stratum

Question 34

Weights of items obtained using a well-adjusted scale represents a(n)_____________ level of measurement.

A)nominative
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio
E)balanced

Question 35

Any characteristic of a population unit is called a _____.

Question 36

A list of all of the units in a population is called a _____.

A)census
B)frame
C)random sample
D)variable
E)systematic sample

Question 37

Any characteristic of a population unit is a(n):

A)measurement
B)sample
C)observation
D)variable
E)trait

Question 38

A person's telephone area code is an example of a(n)_____________ variable.

A)nominative
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio
E)independent

Question 39

__________ is a necessary component of a runs plot.

A)Observation over time
B)A qualitative variable
C)Random sampling of the data
D)Voluntary response data
E)A Likert scale survey

Question 40

A machine produces pencils.At the start of the day,the potential number of pencils produced is _____.At the end of the day,the actual number of pencils produced is _____.

A)finite,infinite
B)actual,probable
C)infinite,finite
D)staged,actual
E)controlled,measured

Question 41

A _____ is an examination of all the population measurements.

Question 42

A ____ is a graph of individual process measurements versus time.

Question 43

The process of assigning a value of a variable to each unit in a population or sample is called _____.

Question 44

A _____ is a subset of the units in a population.

Question 45

Statistical _____ refers to using a sample of measurements to make generalizations about the important aspects of a population.

Question 46

_____ is the science of describing the important aspects of a set of measurements.

Question 47

A _____ variable can have values that are numbers on the real number line.

Question 48

In situations when it is not possible to number all of the units in a population,we often use a _____ sample to approximate a random sample.

Question 49

A runs plot with an increasing trend would indicate that the corresponding process is _____.

Question 50

If a unit is placed back into the population after being selected for a sample,we are sampling _____ replacement.

Question 51

When a population unit selected as part of the sample cannot be contacted or refuses to participate,then we say that _________ has occurred.

Question 52

A _____ table is used to help select items for a random sample.

Question 53

A consumer's yes/no reply to a survey question is what type of variable?

Question 54

A _____ is a list of all the units in a population.

Question 55

A _________ variable records into which of several categories a population unit falls.

Question 56

A set of units we wish to study is called a _____.

Question 57

A process that is in statistical control does not necessarily imply that the process is __________ of meeting the customer requirements.

Question 58

A sequence of operations that takes inputs and turns them into outputs is a _____.

Question 59

The change in daily price of a stock is what type of variable?

Question 60

If a process is in statistical control,then the runs plot for the process will exhibit a(n)_______ amount of variation around a constant,or horizontal,level.

Question 61

List two types of random sampling methods.

Question 62

In a voluntary response sample,what types of opinions are usually expressed?

Question 63

Describe one weakness and one advantage to mailed surveys.