Deck 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Question 1

College freshmen are most similar to high school freshmen in that both:

A)experience high rates of depression as a result of burnout.
B)are considered the least powerful in their respective settings.
C)are considered experts in their respective settings.
D)have little autonomy in selecting courses of study.

Answer 1

are considered the least powerful in their respective settings.

Question 2

In 2003,the results of a longitudinal study of young adults in the United States documented that at age 25:

A)very few of the sample were financially independent of their family of origin.
B)only slightly more than half of the sample were fully financially independent of their family of origin.
C)all subjects in the sample were financially independent of their family of origin.
D)all subjects in the sample reported feeling ashamed of needing financial help.

Answer 2

only slightly more than half of the sample were fully financially independent of their family of origin.

Question 3

What is the optimum level of exercise for American adults?

A)30 minutes of low-intensity exercise every day
B)30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every day
C)45 minutes of low-intensity exercise every day
D)45 minutes of high-intensity exercise 2 days a week

Answer 3

30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every day

Question 4

Each of the following is a feature of emerging adulthood,EXCEPT:

A)being other-focused.
B)identity exploration.
C)instability.
D)feeling "in-between."

Question 5

College students' failure to develop health-promoting habits is a result of their:

A)belief that inheriting good genes will override any of their unhealthy behaviors.
B)lack of knowledge about which behaviors are more healthy or more unhealthy.
C)lack of knowledge that habits developed in young adulthood impact later health.
D)failure to apply to themselves the knowledge they have about promoting health.

Question 6

The average age of peak performance for most physical skills:

A)occurs much earlier for outstanding athletes than for non-athletes.
B)occurs much later for outstanding athletes than for non-athletes.
C)occurs at the same time for both outstanding athletes and non-athletes.
D)occurs earlier for male athlete than female athletes,but later for male non-athletes than female non-athletes.

Question 7

Deb is both depressed and obese.One way she can combat both of these problems is to:

A)get at least 8 hours of sleep per night.
B)reduce her intake of sugar.
C)engage in regular exercise.
D)take an antidepressant medication.

Question 8

In developing countries,the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is:

A)holding a permanent,full-time job.
B)moving into one's own home.
C)getting married.
D)having a child.

Question 9

In the United States,the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is:

A)holding a permanent,full-time job.
B)moving into one's own home.
C)getting married.
D)having a child.

Question 10

Which of the following is a controversy concerning the value of dieting?

A)whether people actually lose weight when they are dieting
B)whether people can keep off the weight they lose by dieting
C)whether diets work equally well for men and for women
D)whether there is really a true "healthy" weight for individuals

Question 11

Which of the following is the biggest health risk that most young adults face?

A)use of cocaine
B)cardiovascular disease
C)high levels of cholesterol
D)establishing poor health habits

Question 12

Barbara wants to engage in aerobic exercise that will burn fat and change her metabolism.Which of the following is the best activity for her to engage in?

A)weight lifting
B)stretching
C)jogging
D)walking

Question 13

James,who lives in the United States,will most likely consider himself an adult when he _______,whereas Nelson,who lives in South Africa,will most likely consider himself an adult when he ______.

A)moves out of the house;graduates from college.
B)obtains financial independence;gets married.
C)turns 21;gets married.
D)gets married;buys his first home.

Question 14

Which of the following athletes would be most likely to show peak performance at an early point in his or her career?

A)golfer
B)swimmer
C)sprinter
D)baseball player

Question 15

Almost ______ of adults between the ages of 19 and 26 years reported that they get no weekly exercise.

A)one-quarter
B)one-third
C)half
D)two-thirds

Question 16

"Emerging adulthood," a term coined by Jeffrey Arnett,refers to the age range from:

A)12 to 18.
B)18 to 25.
C)21 to 26.
D)20 to 30.

Question 17

Lettie is 18 years old and curious about how satisfied she will be with her life when she is around 30 years of age.The best predicator of this is her current:

A)emotional health.
B)physical health.
C)socioeconomic status.
D)level of romantic satisfaction.

Question 18

Recent research emphasizes the significant role of _________ in weight loss and health.

A)nutrition
B)exercise
C)heredity
D)motivation

Question 19

Troy wants to reduce his risk of heart attack.His doctor recommends that he:

A)exercise several times a week.
B)increase his dose of vitamin
C)D.sleep at least 8 hours per night.
D)eat more leafy green vegetables.

Question 20

What percentage of Americans aged 20 years and over were classified as obese in 2006?

A)10
B)25
C)33
D)50

Question 21

David notices he has sores and blisters around his genital area just days after having intercourse.David most likely has:

A)gonorrhea.
B)genital herpes.
C)syphilis.
D)HIV.

Question 22

Shlomo goes to his doctor complaining of symptoms that may be related to a sexually transmitted infection (STI).His doctor does all of the necessary tests,and reports that he does,in fact,have an STI that is a result of a bacterial infection.Which of the following could NOT be Shlomo's diagnosis?

A)syphilis
B)gonorrhea
C)AIDS
D)chlamydia

Question 23

Results from the Sex in America study suggest that around ___ of men and ___ of women had had a same-sex sexual encounter in the preceding year.

A)1.3;3.0
B)0.9;5.2
C)9.7;12.4
D)2.7;1.3

Question 24

Regarding the frequency with which Americans have sex,the 1994 Sex in America survey found that there are ____ distinct groups.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 25

Professor Lone Dove argues that homosexuality is biologically determined during the prenatal period.She believes in the:

A)critical-period hypothesis.
B)genetic predisposition hypothesis.
C)in vivo hypothesis.
D)hormonal hypothesis.

Question 26

Kelli is thinking about marrying Ron.Kelli asked Ron about his attitude on extramarital sex,and Ron said he thought that it was wrong.Kelli looked up the 1994 sexual survey conducted by Robert Michael and his colleagues and found that ___ of married men have been unfaithful.

A)75%
B)40%
C)25%
D)10%

Question 27

Lauren was recently a victim of rape and is receiving counseling.Knowing the effects of rape,her counselor can predict that there is a 1 in _________ chance that Lauren will suffer some type of sexual dysfunction or reduced sexual desire if she does not receive effective counseling.

A)2
B)5
C)10
D)20

Question 28

Manny has contracted a virus that is destroying his body's immune system.Manny most likely has:

A)AIDS.
B)herpes.
C)syphilis.
D)gonorrhea.

Question 29

In survey of drinking patterns on college campuses,which was NOT a problem reported by binge drinkers?

A)having unprotected sex
B)using illicit drugs
C)missing classes
D)physical injuries

Question 30

Results from the Sex in America study suggest that adult sexual behavior is dominated by _________ and ________.

A)abstinence;marriage
B)kinkiness;infidelity
C)marriage;monogamy
D)cohabitation;adultery

Question 31

What percentage of college men admit to forcing a woman into a sexual act?

A)25
B)33
C)50
D)75

Question 32

What is the most accurate term for forced sexual intercourse that occurs without the consent of one of the involved parties?

A)involuntary petting
B)forced sexual schematization
C)sexual assault
D)rape

Question 33

Bethany's doctor informs her she has an STI.As an American,which is she most likely to have?

A)gonorrhea
B)syphilis
C)chlamydia
D)HIV

Question 34

In 1994,Robert Michael and his colleagues conducted a comprehensive survey of American sexual patterns.Results from this Sex in America study suggested that Americans' sexual lives are _________ than previously believed.

A)more conservative
B)less conservative
C)more active
D)less active

Question 35

What do researchers believe today about the causes of sexual orientation?

A)Sexual orientation is primarily caused by biology.
B)Sexual orientation is primarily caused by learning and experience.
C)Sexual orientation is primarily caused by social and emotional factors.
D)Sexual orientation is primarily caused by a combination of factors.

Question 36

Before Gisela has sex with her boyfriend,she asks if he has tested positive for HIV and also requires that he use a condom.Given what we know about HIV and the sexual behavior and attitudes of most adults,we can say that Gisela's practice is:

A)safe.
B)not safe,because condoms do not provide protection from HIV.
C)not completely safe,because condoms can fail and people sometimes lie to have sex.
D)not safe,because she could still contract HIV from casual contact with her boyfriend before sex.

Question 37

Which of the following individuals is most likely to "binge drink" in college?

A)Kevin,who has lived in a fraternity house for 2 years
B)Marvin,who is a freshman who lives at home but is pledging a fraternity
C)Kayla,who is a senior and is the president of her sorority
D)Liesl,who has been in college for five years but never joined a sorority

Question 38

According to research presented in your textbook,about ____ of all new cases of HIV infection occur in people between the ages of 15 and 24 years.

A)one-third
B)half
C)two-thirds
D)three-quarters

Question 39

What advice about bicultural identity would the psychologist Laura Brown give to a gay or lesbian couple?

A)You will cope best if you isolate yourselves as a couple and avoid contact with other people.
B)You will cope best if you maintain strong contact with both the gay community and the heterosexual mainstream.
C)You will cope best if you stay within your circle of gay and lesbian friends and avoid frequent contact with heterosexual people.
D)You will cope best if you stay within your circle of heterosexual friends and avoid strong associations with the gay community.

Question 40

The results of a longitudinal study revealed that binge-drinking is most likely to peak at around ____ years of age.

A)1-19
B)21-22
C)23-24
D)25-30

Question 41

According to William Perry (1999),the development of cognitive processing during the early adult years involves an evolution from _________ to ________.

A)idealism;pragmatics
B)pragmatics;idealism
C)absolutism;relativism
D)relativism;absolutism

Question 42

William Perry offers a perspective on the ways young adults' thinking differs from adolescents' thinking.In his view,adult thinking is more:

A)dualistic.
B)polar.
C)reflective.
D)absolute.

Question 43

Which of the following statements about creativity is most accurate?

A)Creativity declines with age.
B)Older people are more creative than younger people.
C)The peak of creativity is reached by the 20s.
D)Relative to age,creativity is based on the field in which it is demonstrated.

Question 44

In developing a theory of adult cognition,which theorist focused more on how thinking evolves from being concrete to being abstract,hypothetical,and systematic?

A)Jean Piaget
B)William Perry
C)K.Warner Schaie
D)Gisela Labouvie-Vief

Question 45

In his writings,theorist William Damon suggested that there is a key element missing in many people's career paths.That element is:

A)purpose
B)passion
C)dedication
D)knowledge

Question 46

Which of the following factors have NOT been found to affect unemployment in the USA?

A)physical problems,such as heart attacks and strokes
B)mental problems,such as depression and anxiety
C)homicide
D)All of the above have been found to affect unemployment.

Question 47

Piaget's claim that adults are fully formal operational thinkers seems to be:

A)an inaccurate description of many adults.
B)true only for a very small sample of professional adults.
C)true,except for adults with mental defects or diseases.
D)completely inaccurate of most adults.

Question 48

"I used to have more time to think about the theoretical ideals of truth,justice,beauty,and peace,but now I have three kids,two jobs,and a huge mortgage to pay.My 'ideal' now is to make it to the end of the week so I can sit in the hot tub for an hour and think about how I'll cope with next week." As this statement shows,what we think about (and how we think about it)changes a good deal when we take on the responsibilities of adult life.This idea plays a central role in the theory of adult cognition proposed by:

A)Piaget.
B)Perry.
C)Schaie.
D)Labouvie-Vief.

Question 49

Which statement summarizes what William Perry (1999)believes about the cognitive level displayed by the typical adolescent?

A)"What's right is right,and what's wrong is wrong."
B)"There are usually three sides to every issue: black,white,and gray."
C)"We have to look for the underlying principle of truth in every situation."
D)"To find truth,we need to look at the full context and what people know and understand from their own perspectives."

Question 50

A recent trend in dual-career families is:

A)that men are working two or more jobs.
B)that men are staying home more to raise the children.
C)that men are working more second shifts.
D)that men are taking more responsibility for household maintenance.

Question 51

The ingrained cultural belief that engaging in hard work for long hours through adulthood will lead to status,security,and happiness is called the career ________.

A)ideal
B)schema
C)myth
D)mystique

Question 52

Trey is right out of college and seeking full-time employment.He can expect to spend the remaining _________ of his life working.

A)one-fifth
B)one-fourth
C)one-third
D)one-half

Question 53

When Franklin composes musical concertos,he becomes totally absorbed and experiences extreme happiness.This is called:

A)bliss.
B)flow.
C)euphoria.
D)nirvana.

Question 54

Which of the following is the most frequent form of sexual harassment experienced by college women?

A)inappropriate physical contact
B)inappropriate sexual remarks
C)blatant propositions or assaults
D)a victim's sense of exploitation

Question 55

Student X is interested in becoming a lawyer,so (s)he studies hard,graduates with excellent grades,and in a few years graduates from law school with a very promising career still to come.According to research examining the diversity that exists in the U.S.workplace,there is a 25% chance that student X is:

A)a woman.
B)homosexual.
C)handicapped.
D)a person who was born outsides of the USA.

Question 56

Sustained exercise (e.g. ,jogging,swimming)that stimulates heart and lung activity.

Question 57

The main cognitive change between formal operational and postformal thought is _________ thinking.

A)abstract
B)concrete
C)reflective
D)quantitative

Question 58

When you look at the creative achievements of famous inventors,writers,and scientists,it is clear that creativity:

A)peaks when adults are in their 60s and declines thereafter.
B)peaks when adults are in their 30s and steadily declines thereafter.
C)steadily increases throughout the life span and does not peak until retirement.
D)varies depending on the person's type of work and individual situation.

Question 59

A person who is sexually attracted to people of both sexes.

Question 60

The term that is now given to describe the transition from adolescence to adulthood (approximately 18 to 25 years of age)that involves experimentation and exploration.

Question 61

Forcible sexual intercourse with a person who does not give consent.

Question 62

List four ways to protect yourself from AIDS.

Question 63

This theorist suggested that adults are more likely to engage in reflective,relativistic thinking,whereas adolescents are more likely to use absolute,dualistic thinking.

Question 64

What is the best way to lose weight and keep it off?

Question 65

Diseases that are primarily contracted through sex including oral-genital and anal-genital sex.

Question 66

List at least four features of emerging adulthood.

Question 67

According to William Perry,how does adolescents' thinking differ from young adults' thinking?

Question 68

Coercive sexual activity directed at someone with whom the perpetrator is at least casually acquainted.

Question 69

List at least four hazards of binge drinking among college students.

Question 70

List at least four common sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Question 71

List at least two mental health benefits associated with exercise.

Question 72

Explain the postformal stage of thought.

Question 73

This theorist coined the term "emerging adulthood" to describe the transition from adolescence to adulthood in the United States.

Question 74

Sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus,which destroys the body's immune system.

Question 75

List three recent changes in dual-career families.