Deck 5: Health-Compromising Behaviors

Question 1

Obesity is a chief cause of

A)lung cancer.
B)memory loss.
C)disability.
D)drug abuse.

Answer 1

disability.

Question 2

Obesity depends on both the number and size of fat cells,and moderately obese people are said to have

A)a large number of small fat cells.
B)an average number of small fat cells.
C)a large number of large fat cells.
D)an average number of large fat cells.

Answer 2

an average number of large fat cells.

Question 3

Fat tissue produces _____ that exacerbate diseases related to inflammatory processes.

A)immunomodulatory proteins
B)proinflammatory cytokines
C)inflammatory smears
D)epidermal keratins

Answer 3

proinflammatory cytokines

Question 4

Fat should ideally constitute about _____ percent of body tissue in women.

A)30-35
B)6-13
C)15-19
D)20-27

Question 5

_____,a hunger-stimulating hormone,is secreted by specialized cells in the stomach.

A)Ghrelin
B)Leptin
C)Albumin
D)Dopamine

Question 6

Cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce weight losses of two pounds every week for up to _____ weeks,maintained over a two-year period.

A)ten
B)twenty
C)five
D)thirty

Question 7

Women in which of the following age groups are most likely to practice behaviors related to eating disorders?

A)45-54 years of age
B)35-44 years of age
C)25-34 years of age
D)15-24 years of age

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of obesity?

A)Often overlooked risks of obesity are psychological distress and depression.
B)Heightened levels of cytokines in obese people reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.
C)Women in high socioeconomic statuses are prone to obesity due to their consumption of high-fat foods.
D)Surgical procedures,such as liposuction,are the best way to control obesity.

Question 9

According to Fradklin et al. ,2015,problem behaviors such as obesity,smoking,and alcoholism are:

A)more prevalent in adolescents from low social classes than adolescents from high social classes.
B)more prevalent in young men than young women.
C)easier to treat medically than through social interventions.
D)easier to quit for people low in socioeconomic status than people high in socioeconomic status.

Question 10

_____ is a method of enhancing the efficiency of food use and lowering the metabolic rate of the body through successive cycles of dieting and weight gain.

A)Yo-yo dieting
B)Nutrition cycling
C)Paleolithic dieting
D)Controlled bingeing

Question 11

Many obese people have high levels of _____,which promotes overeating due to increased hunger.

A)dopamine
B)serotonin
C)basal insulin
D)prenatal estrogen

Question 12

In any kind of intervention,the _____ is the best predictor of success.

A)physician
B)spouse
C)patient
D)family

Question 13

An excessive accumulation of fat in the body is known as

A)obesity.
B)bulimia.
C)anorexia.
D)diabetes.

Question 14

Binge eating is usually triggered by

A)negative emotions produced by stressful experiences.
B)excessive exercise.
C)hunger splurges in anorexic individuals.
D)collagen that is produced in the cells of the stomach.

Question 15

In a _____ surgery,an adjustable gastric band is inserted surgically around the top of the stomach to create a small pouch in the upper stomach to reduce the stomach's capacity to take in food.

A)lumbar fusion
B)lap band
C)lobectomy
D)mastectomy

Question 16

_____ is an especially potent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.

A)Abdominally localized fat
B)Localized fat in the hips
C)Fat in the thighs
D)Fat in the buttocks

Question 17

The protein secreted by fat cells to signal neurons in the hypothalamus about the energy stores of fat in the body is called

A)dopamine.
B)albumin.
C)leptin.
D)ghrelin.

Question 18

_____ is a process by which the body increasingly adapts to the use of a substance,requiring larger and larger doses of it to obtain the same effects,and eventually reaching a plateau.

A)Withdrawal
B)Tolerance
C)Metacognition
D)Relapse

Question 19

_____ is a condition that arises from an individual's obsessive dieting and exercising in the pursuit of a body weight well below optimum level.

A)Anorexia nervosa
B)Bulimia
C)Muscle dysmorphia
D)Ischemia

Question 20

Monica is obsessed with developing a figure like the idealized women's bodies she sees in advertising,magazines,and other media.As a result,she eats very little.She wants to reduce her body weight to a level well below the ideal weight of a woman of her age,height,and body proportions.Monica's behavior is characteristic of

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)binge eating.
C)anorexia nervosa.
D)muscle dysmorphia.

Question 21

Alcoholics Anonymous was one of the earliest _____ for people suffering from alcohol-related health problems.

A)out-groups
B)self-help groups
C)for-profit organizations
D)government-funded organizations

Question 22

In the United States,the most common cause of smoking-related mortality is

A)liver cirrhosis.
B)heart disease.
C)lung cancer.
D)stroke.

Question 23

Which of the following describes placebo drinking?

A)An individual limits the number of alcoholic drinks he or she consumes to three drinks a day.
B)An individual takes anti-alcohol medication to reduce his or her drinking habits.
C)An individual substitutes or alternates alcoholic drinks with nonalcoholic beverages.
D)An individual alternates periods of binge drinking with periods of total abstinence.

Question 24

Which of the following components,if included,can produce up to a 40 percent treatment success rate for alcoholism?

A)excluding relatives and employers from the treatment process
B)increasing the length of treatment by several months
C)gradually reducing alcohol consumption over a period of time
D)instilling coping skills to manage environmental pressures

Question 25

Which dangerous health behavior was highlighted by the first surgeon general's report that was published in 1964?

A)binge eating
B)drinking
C)smoking
D)drug abuse

Question 26

The occurrence of a major stressful event within the first _____ days after treatment can trigger relapse among apparently recovered alcoholics.

A)30
B)60
C)90
D)120

Question 27

Compared to people with long-term drinking problems,late-onset problem drinkers are

A)less likely to experience alcohol-related depression.
B)less likely to be successfully treated.
C)more likely to control their drinking on their own.
D)more likely to relapse within the first three months after treatment for alcoholism.

Question 28

It is estimated that by 2050,three million men in _____ will die every year from the effects of tobacco.

A)America
B)India
C)China
D)Argentina

Question 29

_____ is the single greatest cause of preventable death in developed countries by itself and in interaction with other risk factors.

A)Obesity
B)Alcoholism
C)Anorexia
D)Smoking

Question 30

John was a chain smoker for ten years.He quit recently,and he has constantly fought against the urge to smoke again.This urge is especially strong when he is around other smokers.John's recurring urge to smoke is an example of

A)bulimia.
B)tolerance.
C)craving.
D)anorexia.

Question 31

Maxwell is a smoker.He works long hours for a low pay and has a considerable amount of stress at work.He suffers from high cholesterol and blood pressure.The doctor suspects that Maxwell's problems may be related to his smoking habit.This is called the _____ effects of smoking.

A)instantaneous
B)extraneous
C)converse
D)synergistic

Question 32

Individuals usually begin drinking to

A)decrease their self-esteem.
B)improve their cognitive functioning.
C)avoid social occasions.
D)enhance positive emotions.

Question 33

The first phase of treatment programs for hard-core alcoholics is

A)self-monitoring.
B)relapse prevention.
C)detoxification.
D)rehabilitation.

Question 34

_____ is required to complement formal alcohol intervention efforts so more people can receive formal treatment.

A)Collaborative therapy
B)Social engineering
C)Transactional analysis
D)Therapy

Question 35

_____ are used in the second stage of most treatment programs for alcoholism to address biological and environmental factors that cause alcoholism.

A)Anti-alcoholic medications
B)Independent therapy sessions
C)Cognitive-behavioral techniques
D)Mindfulness meditation techniques

Question 36

Smoking accounts for more than _____ deaths every year in the United States.

A)400,000
B)553,000
C)500,000
D)443,000

Question 37

Alcohol treatment programs are more successful with

A)people who have previously fought addictions to other substances.
B)people who are high in socioeconomic status.
C)female clients with histories of anorexia nervosa.
D)male clients who are in their early twenties.

Question 38

A meta-analysis of alcohol treatment outcome studies estimates that more than _____ percent of treated patients relapse within the first three months after treatment.

A)10
B)25
C)50
D)75

Question 39

Evaluations of alcohol prevention programs for adolescents suggest that such programs

A)are expensive and ineffective.
B)enhance participants' sense of self-efficacy.
C)have little influence on participants' ability to resist peer pressure.
D)encourage participants to enroll in self-help programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous.

Question 40

Which of the following is a temporary effect of consuming alcohol?

A)lowered self-esteem
B)increased cognitive functioning
C)reduced anxiety
D)increased metabolism

Question 41

Which of the following is a component of social influence interventions?

A)Materials are developed to convey a positive image of a smoker.
B)A peer group is asked to debar a smoker until the frequency of smoking is reduced.
C)Information on the effects of smoking is carefully constructed to appeal to adolescents.
D)New experimental methods such as cognitive recalibration is used to reduce smoking.

Question 42

Research shows that most alcoholics eventually receive some formal treatment for their addiction to alcohol.

Question 43

Adult smokers benefit from cognitive-behavioral interventions that

A)include maintenance of the stimuli that elicit and maintain smoking.
B)include self-monitoring techniques.
C)undermine successful smoking cessation.
D)expel alternative coping techniques.

Question 44

Individuals who possess genes that regulate the functioning of _____ are likely candidates for inheriting smoking influences.

A)pentose
B)dopamine
C)nucleophile
D)allele

Question 45

_____ is used to engage neuroregulators that produce temporary improvements in performance.

A)Heroin
B)Bromide
C)Alcohol
D)Nicotine

Question 46

AlcoholEdu® is an on-campus alcohol prevention program used by more than 500 college and university campuses.

Question 47

Often,merely monitoring drinking leads to a reduction in drinking.

Question 48

Which among the following is reported to be the hardest addiction to stop?

A)smoking
B)alcoholism
C)heroine addiction
D)cocaine addiction

Question 49

Restricting smoking to a particular place is an example of social engineering.

Question 50

Which of the following statements best describes nicotine replacement therapy?

A)A nicotine patch steadily releases doses of nicotine into the bloodstream to increase the chances of smoking cessation.
B)A technique that teaches positive methods of communicating emotion,and handling conflict is used to avoid relapse.
C)A combination of medication and cognitive-behavioral techniques are applied to inculcate self-monitoring habits.
D)A treatment designed to restore and rehabilitate an individual's level of functioning is employed to promote health and wellness.

Question 51

Alcohol interventions are increasingly being incorporated into freshman orientation programs in colleges.

Question 52

_____ is a common outcome of prenatal exposure to secondhand smoke.

A)Yellow nail syndrome
B)Asperger syndrome
C)Fetal alcohol syndrome
D)Sudden infant death syndrome

Question 53

Cognitive-behavioral therapy programs include training in eliciting effective support from families,friends,and coworkers.

Question 54

Ex-smokers are more likely to be successful over the short term if they

A)reduce contact with their family.
B)discourage their friends from smoking.
C)have supportive friends who smoke.
D)have a supportive partner.

Question 55

Mass media has dramatically changed attitudes toward smoking because it

A)provides information to smokers about health effects,although it has little effect on their habit.
B)promotes smoking as a habit adopted by people from high-class societies.
C)promotes stress management programs that seem to have a great impact on reducing smoking habits.
D)provides information about health habits that discourage nonsmokers from beginning to smoke.

Question 56

Social influence programs are known to reduce smoking rates for as long as _____ years.

A)thirteen
B)seven
C)ten
D)four

Question 57

Identifying oneself as a smoker

A)reduces the chances of getting addicted to any other substance.
B)increases an individual's self-esteem.
C)increases the chances of being a quitter.
D)impedes the ability to quit smoking.

Question 58

Group interventions may not address the motives underlying smoking habits because

A)smokers are already aware of the benefits of remaining abstinent.
B)previous interventions have proven to be unsuccessful.
C)smoking patterns are highly individualized.
D)smokers prefer solitude.

Question 59

Which of the following is a long-term effect of abstaining from smoking?

A)reduced energy levels
B)increased muscle mass and stamina
C)reduced self-esteem
D)increased sense of mastery

Question 60

Brief interventions by _____ can bring about smoking cessation and control relapse.

A)motivational speakers
B)physicians
C)employers
D)government authorities

Question 61

MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving)was founded and is staffed by the families and friends of those killed by drunk drivers.

Question 62

Identify and discuss the synergistic effects of smoking on other health risk factors.

Question 63

Passive smoking or secondhand smoke is a documented health risk.

Question 64

Describe the major characteristics of health-compromising behaviors.

Question 65

Trying cigarettes make a person significantly more likely to use other drugs in the future.

Question 66

Describe the biological,psychological,and sociocultural factors implicated in alcohol abuse.

Question 67

Explain the problem of relapse in the treatment of alcohol abuse.Which intervention strategies address this problem most effectively?

Question 68

It is well established that commercial smoking cessation programs have higher cure rates.

Question 69

What are the factors associated with smoking in adolescents?