Deck 9: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Question 1

For molecules of the general formula AB_n, n can be greater than four ________.

A)for any element A
B)only when A is an element from the third period or below the third period
C)only when A is boron or beryllium
D)only when A is carbon
E)only when A is Xe

Answer 1

only when A is an element from the third period or below the third period

Question 2

The bond angles marked a, b, and c in the molecule below are about ________, ________, and ________, respectively.

A)90°, 90°, 90°
B)120°, 120°, 90°
C)120°, 120°, 109.5°
D)109.5°, 120°, 109.5°
E)109.5°, 90°, 120°

Answer 2

109.5°, 120°, 109.5°

Question 3

Consider the following species when answering the following questions:
(i) PCl₃
(ii) CCl₄
(iii) TeCl₄
(iv) XeF₄
(v) SF₆
For which of the molecules is the molecular geometry (shape)the same as the VSEPR electron domain arrangement (electron domain geometry)?

A)(i)and (ii)
B)(i)and (iii)
C)(ii)and (v)
D)(iv)and (v)
E)(v)only

Answer 3

(ii)and (v)

Question 4

An electron domain consists of ________.
(a) a nonbonding pair of electrons
(B) a single bond
(C) a multiple bond

A)a only
B)b only
C)c only
D)a, b, and c
E)b and c

Question 5

The molecular geometry consists of ________.
(a) a nonbonding pair of electrons
(b) a single bond
(c) a multiple bond

A)a only
B)b only
C)c only
D)a, b, and c
E)b and c

Question 6

The electron-domain geometry and the molecular geometry of a molecule of the general formula AB_n are ________.

A)never the same
B)always the same
C)sometimes the same
D)not related
E)mirror images of one another

Question 7

Of the molecules below, only ________ is nonpolar.

A)BF₃
B)NF₃
C)IF₃
D)PBr₃
E)BrCl₃

Question 8

The electron-domain geometry and the molecular geometry of a molecule of the general formula AB_n will always be the same if ________.

A)there are no lone pairs on the central atom
B)there is more than one central atom
C)n is greater than four
D)n is less than four
E)the octet rule is obeyed

Question 9

A molecule has the formula AB₃ and the central atom is in a different plane from the surrounding three atoms. Its molecular shape is ________.

A)tetrahedral
B)trigonal pyramidal
C)linear
D)T-shaped
E)bent

Question 10

The molecular geometry of the right-most carbon in the molecule below is ________.

A)trigonal planar
B)trigonal bipyramidal
C)tetrahedral
D)octahedral
E)T-shaped

Question 11

The central Xe atom in the XeF₄ molecule has ________ unbonded electron pair(s)and ________ bonded electron pair(s)in its valence shell.

A)1, 4
B)2, 4
C)4, 0
D)4, 1
E)4, 2

Question 12

PCl₅ has ________ electron domains and a ________ molecular arrangement.

A)6, trigonal bipyramidal
B)6, tetrahedral
C)5, square pyramidal
D)5, trigonal bipyramidal
E)6, seesaw

Question 13

The basis of the VSEPR model of molecular bonding is ________.

A)regions of electron density on an atom will organize themselves so as to maximize s-character
B)regions of electron density in the valence shell of an atom will arrange themselves so as to maximize overlap
C)atomic orbitals of the bonding atoms must overlap for a bond to form
D)electron domains in the valence shell of an atom will arrange themselves so as to minimize repulsions
E)hybrid orbitals will form as necessary to, as closely as possible, achieve spherical symmetry

Question 14

The bond angles marked a, b, and c in the molecule below are about ________, ________, and ________, respectively.

A)109.5°, 109.5°, 109.5°
B)120°, 109.5°, 120°
C)109.5°, 109.5°, 120°
D)90°, 180°, 90°
E)109.5°, 109.5°, 90°

Question 15

Of the following species, ________ will have bond angles of 120°.

A)PH₃
B)ClF₃
C)NCl₃
D)BCl₃
E)All of these will have bond angles of 120°.

Question 16

Of the molecules below, only ________ is polar.

A)CCl₄
B)CH₄
C)SeF₄
D)SiCl₄

Question 17

The molecular geometry of the left-most carbon atom in the molecule below is ________.

A)trigonal planar
B)trigonal bipyramidal
C)tetrahedral
D)octahedral
E)T-shaped

Question 18

The electron-domain geometry of ________ is tetrahedral.

A)CBr₄
B)PH₃
C)CCl₂Br₂
D)XeF₄
E)all of the above except XeF₄

Question 19

The molecular geometry of the BrO₃^- ion is ________.

A)trigonal pyramidal
B)trigonal planar
C)bent
D)tetrahedral
E)T-shaped

Question 20

In counting the electron domains around the central atom in VSEPR theory, a ________ is not included.

A)nonbonding pair of electrons
B)single covalent bond
C)core level electron pair
D)double covalent bond
E)triple covalent bond

Question 21

The hybridizations of bromine in BrF₅ and of arsenic in AsF₅ are ________ and ________, respectively.

A)sp³, sp³d
B)sp³d, sp³d²
C)sp³d, sp³
D)sp³d², sp³d
E)sp³d², sp³d²

Question 22

The hybridization of the oxygen atom labeled y in the structure below is ________. The C-O-H bond angle is ________.

A)sp, 180°
B)sp², 109.5°
C)sp³, 109.5°
D)sp³d², 90°
E)sp, 90°

Question 23

Of the following molecules, only ________ is polar.

A)BeCl₂
B)BF₃
C)CBr₄
D)SiH₂Cl₂
E)Cl₂

Question 24

The hybrid orbitals used for bonding by Xe in the unstable XeF₂ molecule are ________ orbitals.

A)sp²
B)sp³
C)sp³d
D)sp³d²
E)sp

Question 25

The sp³d² atomic hybrid orbital set accommodates ________ electron domains.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 26

For molecules with only one central atom, how many lone pairs on the central atom guarantees molecular polarity?

A)1
B)2
C)1 or 2
D)3
E)1 or 3

Question 27

Of the following molecules, only ________ is polar.

A)CCl₄
B)BCl₃
C)NCl₃
D)BeCl₂
E)Cl₂

Question 28

The hybrid orbitals used for bonding by the sulfur atom in the SF₄ molecule are ________ orbitals.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²

Question 29

The sp² atomic hybrid orbital set accommodates ________ electron domains.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 30

The hybridization scheme for BeF₂ is ________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²

Question 31

Consider the following species when answering the following questions:
(i) PCl₃ (ii) CCl₄ (iii) TeCl₄ (iv) XeF₄ (v) SF₆
Which of the molecules has a see-saw shape?

A)(i)
B)(ii)
C)(iii)
D)(iv)
E)(v)

Question 32

The combination of two atomic orbitals results in the formation of ________ molecular orbitals.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)0

Question 33

Of the following, the central atom is sp³d² hybridized only in ________.

A)PCl₅
B)XeF₄
C)PH₃
D)Br₃^-
E)BeF₂

Question 34

The molecular geometry of the PF₃ molecule is ________, and this molecule is ________.

A)trigonal planar, polar
B)trigonal planar, nonpolar
C)trigonal pyramidal, polar
D)trigonal pyramidal, nonpolar
E)tetrahedral, unipolar

Question 35

The hybridizations of iodine in IF₃ and IF₅ are ________ and ________, respectively.

A)sp³, sp³d
B)sp³d, sp³d²
C)sp³d, sp³
D)sp³d², sp³d
E)sp³d², sp³d²

Question 36

Consider the following species when answering the following questions:
(i) PCl₃ (ii) CCl₄ (iii) TeCl₄ (iv) XeF₄ (v) SF₆
In which of the molecules does the central atom utilize d orbitals to form hybrid orbitals?

A)(i)and (ii)
B)(iii)only
C)(i)and (v)
D)(iii), (iv), and (v)
E)(v)only

Question 37

The molecular geometry of the CHF₃ molecule is ________, and the molecule is ________.

A)trigonal pyramidal, polar
B)tetrahedral, nonpolar
C)seesaw, nonpolar
D)tetrahedral, polar
E)seesaw, polar

Question 38

The molecular geometry of the BCl₃ molecule is ________, and this molecule is ________.

A)trigonal pyramidal, polar
B)trigonal pyramidal, nonpolar
C)trigonal planar, polar
D)trigonal planar, nonpolar
E)trigonal bipyramidal, polar

Question 39

The hybridizations of nitrogen in NF₃ and NH₃ are ________ and ________, respectively.

A)sp², sp²
B)sp, sp³
C)sp³, sp
D)sp³, sp³
E)sp², sp³

Question 40

Three monosulfur fluorides are observed: SF₂, SF₄, and SF₆. Of these, ________ is/are polar.

A)SF₂ only
B)SF₂ and SF₄ only
C)SF₄ only
D)SF₆ only
E)SF₂, SF₄, and SF₆

Question 41

Which of the following molecules or ions will exhibit delocalized bonding? SO₂ SO₃ SO₃^2-

A)SO₂, SO₃, and SO₃^2-
B)SO₃^2- only
C)SO₂ and SO₃
D)SO₃ and SO₃^2-
E)None of the above will exhibit delocalized bonding.

Question 42

In a typical multiple bond, the σ bond results from overlap of ________ orbitals and the π bond(s)result from overlap of ________ orbitals.

A)hybrid, atomic
B)hybrid, hybrid
C)atomic, hybrid
D)hybrid, hybrid or atomic
E)hybrid or atomic, hybrid or atomic

Question 43

When four atomic orbitals are mixed to form hybrid orbitals, how many hybrid orbitals are formed?

A)one
B)six
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 44

Which of the following molecules or ions will exhibit delocalized bonding? NO₂^- NH₄⁺ N₃^-

A) NH₄⁺ and N₃^-
B)NO₂^- only
C)NO₂^-, NH₄⁺, and N₃^-
D)N₃^- only
E)NO₂^- and N₃^-

Question 45

A triatomic molecule cannot be linear if the hybridization of the central atoms is ________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp² or sp³
E)sp²d or sp³d²

Question 46

In a polyatomic molecule, "localized" bonding electrons are associated with ________.

A)one particular atom
B)two particular atoms
C)all of the atoms in the molecule
D)all of the π bonds in the molecule
E)two or more σ bonds in the molecule

Question 47

In order to exhibit delocalized π bonding, a molecule must have ________.

A)at least two π bonds
B)at least two resonance structures
C)at least three σ bonds
D)at least four atoms
E)trigonal planar electron domain geometry

Question 48

The electron-domain geometry of the AsF₅ molecule is trigonal bipyramidal. The hybrid orbitals used by the As atom for bonding are ________ orbitals.

A)sp²d²
B)sp³
C)sp³d²
D)sp³d
E)sp²

Question 49

The hybridization of nitrogen in the H-C N: molecule is ________.

A)sp
B)s²p
C)s³p
D)sp²
E)sp³

Question 50

Valence bond theory does not address the issue of ________.

A)excited states of molecules
B)molecular shape
C)covalent bonding
D)hybridization
E)multiple bonds

Question 51

There are ________ σ bonds and ________ π bonds in H₃C-CH₂-CH CH-CH₂-C CH.

A)14, 2
B)10, 3
C)12, 2
D)13, 2
E)16, 3

Question 52

The carbon-carbon σ bond in ethylene, H₂C CH₂, results from the overlap of ________.

A)sp hybrid orbitals
B)sp³ hybrid orbitals
C)sp² hybrid orbitals
D)s atomic orbitals
E)p atomic orbitals

Question 53

Consider the following species when answering the following questions:
(i) PCl₃
(ii) CCl₄
(iii) TeCl₄
(iv) XeF₄
(v) SF₆
In which of the molecules is the central atom sp³d² hybridized?

A)(i)and (ii)
B)(iii)only
C)(iii)and (iv)
D)(iv)and (v)
E)(v)only

Question 54

The hybridization of the terminal carbons in the H₂C C CH₂ molecule is ________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²

Question 55

A typical double bond ________.

A)is stronger and shorter than a single bond
B)consists of one σ bond and one π bond
C)imparts rigidity to a molecule
D)consists of two shared electron pairs
E)All of the above answers are correct.

Question 56

The π bond in ethylene, H₂C CH₂, results from the overlap of ________.

A)sp³ hybrid orbitals
B)s atomic orbitals
C)sp hybrid orbitals
D)sp² hybrid orbitals
E)p atomic orbitals

Question 57

A typical double bond consists of ________.

A)three sigma bonds
B)three pi bonds
C)one sigma and two pi bonds
D)one sigma and one pi bond
E)three ionic bonds

Question 58

________ hybrid orbitals are used for bonding by Xe in the XeF₄ molecule.

A)sp²
B)sp³
C)sp³d
D)sp³d²
E)sp

Question 59

The N-N bond in HNNH consists of ________.

A)one σ bond and one π bond
B)one σ bond and two π bonds
C)two σ bonds and one π bond
D)two σ bonds and two π bonds
E)one σ bond and no π bonds

Question 60

A typical triple bond ________.

A)consists of one σ bond and two π bonds
B)consists of three shared electrons
C)consists of two σ bonds and one π bond
D)consists of six shared electron pairs
E)is longer than a single bond

Question 61

Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond order of the N-N bond in the N₂²⁺ ion is ________.

A)0
B)3
C)1
D)2
E)1/2

Question 62

Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond order of the Be-Be bond in the Be₂ molecule is ________.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 63

An antibonding π orbital contains a maximum of ________ electrons.

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)6
E)8

Question 64

The Lewis structure of carbon dioxide is given below. The hybridization of the carbon atom in carbon dioxide is ________.

A)sp³
B)sp²
C)sp
D)sp²d
E)sp²d²

Question 65

A molecular orbital can accommodate a maximum of ________ electron(s).

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)6
E)12

Question 66

Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond order of the H-H bond in the H₂⁺ ion is ________.

A)0
B)1/2
C)1
D)3/2
E)2

Question 67

The hybridization of carbon in the H-C N: molecule is ________.

A)sp²
B)s²p
C)s³p
D)sp
E)sp³

Question 68

According to MO theory, overlap of two s atomic orbitals produces ________.

A)one bonding molecular orbital and one hybrid orbital
B)two bonding molecular orbitals
C)two bonding molecular orbitals and two antibonding molecular orbitals
D)two bonding molecular orbitals and one antibonding molecular orbital
E)one bonding molecular orbital and one antibonding molecular orbital

Question 69

In comparing the same two atoms bonded together, the ________ the bond order, the ________ the bond length, and the ________ the bond energy.

A)greater, shorter, greater
B)greater, greater, greater
C)greater, longer, greater
D)greater, greater, smaller
E)smaller, greater, greater

Question 70

Molecular Orbital theory correctly predicts paramagnetism of oxygen gas, O₂. This is because ________.

A)the bond order in O₂ can be shown to be equal to 2.
B)there are more electrons in the bonding orbitals than in the antibonding orbitals.
C)the energy of the π_2p MOs is higher than that of the σ_2p MO
D)there are two unpaired electrons in the MO electron configuration of O₂
E)the O-O bond distance is relatively short

Question 71

Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond orders of the H-H bonds in H₂, H₂⁺, and H₂^- are ________, respectively

A)1, 0, and 0
B)1, 1/2, and 0
C)1, 0, and 1/2
D)1, 1/2, and 1/2
E)1, 2, and 0

Question 72

The hybridization of the oxygen atom labeled x in the structure below is ________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²

Question 73

Based on molecular orbital theory, the only molecule in the list below that has unpaired electrons is ________.

A)C₂
B)N₂
C)F₂
D)O₂
E)Li₂

Question 74

Molecular Orbital theory correctly predicts diamagnetism of fluorine gas, F₂. This is because ________.

A)the bond order in F₂ can be shown to be equal to 1.
B)there are more electrons in the bonding orbitals than in the antibonding orbitals.
C)all electrons in the MO electron configuration of F₂ are paired.
D)the energy of the π_2pMOs is higher than that of the σ_2p MO
E)the F-F bond enthalpy is very low

Question 75

Electrons in ________ bonds remain localized between two atoms. Electrons in ________ bonds can become delocalized between more than two atoms.

A)pi, sigma
B)sigma, pi
C)pi, pi
D)sigma, sigma
E)ionic, sigma

Question 76

In comparing the same two atoms bonded together, the ________ the bond order, the ________ the bond length, and the ________ the bond energy.

A)greater, shorter, greater
B)greater, greater, greater
C)greater, longer, greater
D)smaller, longer, smaller
E)smaller, greater, greater

Question 77

The bond order of any molecule containing equal numbers of bonding and antibonding electrons is ________.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)1/2

Question 78

Based on molecular orbital theory, there is/are ________ unpaired electron(s)in the OF⁺ ion.

A)0
B)3
C)1
D)2
E)1/2

Question 79

Structural changes around a double bond in the ________ portion of the rhodopsin molecule trigger the chemical reactions that result in vision.

A)protein
B)opsin
C)retinal
D)cones
E)rods

Question 80

The hybridization of the carbon atom labeled x in the molecule below is ________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²