Deck 9: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Question 1

Of the following species, __________ will have bond angles of 120°.

A)PH₃
B)ClF₃
C)NCl₃
D)BCl₃
E)All of these will have bond angles of 120°.

Answer 1

BCl₃

Question 2

The electron-domain geometry of __________ is tetrahedral.

A)CBr₄
B)PH₃
C)CCl₂Br₂
D)XeF₄
E)all of the above except XeF₄

Answer 2

all of the above except XeF₄

Question 3

The molecular geometry of the BrO₃^- ion is __________.

A)trigonal pyramidal
B)trigonal planar
C)bent
D)tetrahedral
E)T-shaped

Answer 3

trigonal pyramidal

Question 4

The bond angles marked a, b, and c in the molecule below are about __________, __________, and __________, respectively.

A)90°, 90°, 90°
B)120°, 120°, 90°
C)120°, 120°, 109.5°
D)109.5°, 120°, 109.5°
E)109.5°, 90°, 120°

Question 5

The central Xe atom in the XeF₄ molecule has __________ unbonded electron pairs and __________ bonded electron pairs in its valence shell.

A)1, 4
B)2, 4
C)4, 0
D)4, 1
E)4, 2

Question 6

The electron-domain geometry and the molecular geometry of a molecule of the general formula AB_n are __________.

A)never the same
B)always the same
C)sometimes the same
D)not related
E)mirror images of one another

Question 7

The bond angle marked a in the following molecule is about __________.

A)90°
B)109.5°
C)120°
D)180°
E)60°

Question 8

The electron-domain geometry and the molecular geometry of a molecule of the general formula AB_n will always be the same if __________.

A)there are no lone pairs on the central atom
B)there is more than one central atom
C)n is greater than four
D)n is less than four
E)the octet rule is obeyed

Question 9

An electron domain consists of __________.
(a)a nonbonding pair of electrons
(b)a single bond
(c)a multiple bond

A)a only
B)b only
C)c only
D)a, b, and c
E)b and c

Question 10

The basis of the VSEPR model of molecular bonding is __________.

A)regions of electron density on an atom will organize themselves so as to maximize s-character
B)regions of electron density in the valence shell of an atom will arrange themselves so as to maximize overlap
C)atomic orbitals of the bonding atoms must overlap for a bond to form
D)electron domains in the valence shell of an atom will arrange themselves so as to minimize repulsions
E)hybrid orbitals will form as necessary to, as closely as possible, achieve spherical symmetry

Question 11

The O-C-O bond angle in the CO₃^2- ion is approximately __________.

A)90°
B)109.5°
C)120°
D)180°
E)60°

Question 12

The central iodine atom in the ICl₄^- ion has __________ nonbonded electron pairs and __________ bonded electron pairs in its valence shell.

A)2, 2
B)3, 4
C)1, 3
D)3, 2
E)2, 4

Question 13

In counting the electron domains around the central atom in VSEPR theory, a __________ is not included.

A)nonbonding pair of electrons
B)single covalent bond
C)core level electron pair
D)double covalent bond
E)triple covalent bond

Question 14

The molecular geometry of the left-most carbon atom in the molecule below is __________.

A)trigonal planar
B)trigonal bipyramidal
C)tetrahedral
D)octahedral
E)T-shaped

Question 15

The molecular geometry of the right-most carbon in the molecule below is __________.

A)trigonal planar
B)trigonal bipyramidal
C)tetrahedral
D)octahedral
E)T-shaped

Question 16

The bond angles marked a, b, and c in the molecule below are about __________, __________, and __________, respectively.

A)109.5°, 109.5°, 109.5°
B)120°, 109.5°, 120°
C)109.5°, 109.5°, 120°
D)90°, 180°, 90°
E)109.5°, 109.5°, 90°

Question 17

The central iodine atom in IF₅ has __________ unbonded electron pairs and __________ bonded electron pairs in its valence shell.

A)1, 5
B)0, 5
C)5, 1
D)4, 1
E)1, 4

Question 18

The molecular geometry consists of __________.
(a)a nonbonding pair of electrons
(b)a single bond
(c)a multiple bond

A)a only
B)b only
C)c only
D)a, b, and c
E)b and c

Question 19

The electron domain and molecular geometry of BrO₂^- is __________.

A)tetrahedral, trigonal planar
B)trigonal planar, trigonal planar
C)trigonal pyramidal, linear
D)tetrahedral, bent
E)trigonal pyramidal, seesaw

Question 20

ClF₃ has "T-shaped" geometry. There are __________ non-bonding domains in this molecule.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 21

A molecule has the formula AB₃ and the central atom is in a different plane from the surrounding three atoms. Its molecular shape is __________.

A)tetrahedral
B)trigonal pyramidal
C)linear
D)T-shaped
E)bent

Question 22

Of the molecules below, only __________ is polar.

A)SbF₅
B)AsH₃
C)I₂
D)SF₆
E)CH₄

Question 23

The molecular geometry of the BCl₃ molecule is __________, and this molecule is __________.

A)trigonal pyramidal, polar
B)trigonal pyramidal, nonpolar
C)trigonal planar, polar
D)trigonal planar, nonpolar
E)trigonal bipyramidal, polar

Question 24

Of the molecules below, only __________ is nonpolar.

A)BF₃
B)NF₃
C)IF₃
D)PBr₃
E)BrCl₃

Question 25

In which of the molecules does the central atom utilize d orbitals to form hybrid orbitals?

A)(i)and (ii)
B)(iii)only
C)(i)and (v)
D)(iii), (iv), and (v)
E)(v)only

Question 26

Of the following molecules, only __________ is polar.

A)CCl₄
B)BCl₃
C)NCl₃
D)BeCl₂
E)Cl₂

Question 27

Of the following molecules, only __________ is polar.

A)BeCl₂
B)BF₃
C)CBr₄
D)SiH₂Cl₂
E)Cl₂

Question 28

For molecules of the general formula AB_n, n can be greater than four __________.

A)for any element A
B)only when A is an element from the third period or below the third period
C)only when A is boron or beryllium
D)only when A is carbon
E)only when A is Xe

Question 29

The molecular geometry of the SF₆ molecule is __________, and this molecule is __________.

A)trigonal pyramidal, polar
B)octahedral, nonpolar
C)trigonal planar, polar
D)trigonal planar, nonpolar
E)trigonal bipyramidal, polar

Question 30

Which of the molecules has a see-saw shape?

A)(i)
B)(ii)
C)(iii)
D)(iv)
E)(v)

Question 31

According to valence bond theory, which orbitals overlap in the formation of the bond in HBr?

A)1s on H and 4p on Br
B)1s on H and 4s on Br
C)1s on H and 3p on Br
D)2s on H and 4p on Br
E)2s on H and 3p on Br

Question 32

The molecular geometry of the BeCl₂ molecule is __________, and this molecule is __________.

A)linear, nonpolar
B)linear, polar
C)bent, nonpolar
D)bent, polar
E)trigonal planar, polar

Question 33

For which of the molecules is the molecular geometry (shape)the same as the VSEPR electron domain arrangement (electron domain geometry)?

A)(i)and (ii)
B)(i)and (iii)
C)(ii)and (v)
D)(iv)and (v)
E)(v)only

Question 34

Of the molecules below, only __________ is nonpolar.

A)CO₂
B)H₂O
C)NH₃
D)HCl
E)TeCl₂

Question 35

For molecules with only one central atom, how many lone pairs on the central atom guarantees molecular polarity?

A)1
B)2
C)1 or 2
D)3
E)1 or 3

Question 36

Of the molecules below, only __________ is polar.

A)CCl₄
B)CH₄
C)SeF₄
D)SiCl₄

Question 37

The molecular geometry of the CHF₃ molecule is __________, and the molecule is __________.

A)trigonal pyramidal, polar
B)tetrahedral, nonpolar
C)seesaw, nonpolar
D)tetrahedral, polar
E)seesaw, polar

Question 38

PCl₅ has __________ electron domains and a __________ molecular arrangement.

A)6, trigonal bipyramidal
B)6, tetrahedral
C)5, square pyramidal
D)5, trigonal bipyramidal
E)6, seesaw

Question 39

Three monosulfur fluorides are observed: SF₂, SF₄, and SF₆. Of these, __________ is/are polar.

A)SF₂ only
B)SF₂ and SF₄ only
C)SF₄ only
D)SF₆ only
E)SF₂, SF₄, and SF₆

Question 40

The molecular geometry of the PF₃ molecule is __________, and this molecule is __________.

A)trigonal planar, polar
B)trigonal planar, nonpolar
C)trigonal pyramidal, polar
D)trigonal pyramidal, nonpolar
E)tetrahedral, unipolar

Question 41

The hybrid orbitals used for bonding by the sulfur atom in the SF₄ molecule are __________ orbitals.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²

Question 42

The hybridizations of nitrogen in NF₃ and NH₃ are __________ and __________, respectively.

A)sp², sp²
B)sp, sp³
C)sp³, sp
D)sp³, sp³
E)sp², sp³

Question 43

The combination of two atomic orbitals results in the formation of __________ molecular orbitals.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)0

Question 44

There are __________ unhybridized p atomic orbitals in an sp²-hybridized carbon atom.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 45

The sp³d² atomic hybrid orbital set accommodates __________ electron domains.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 46

Of the following, the central atom is sp³d² hybridized only in __________.

A)PCl₅
B)XeF₄
C)PH₃
D)Br₃^-
E)BeF₂

Question 47

When four atomic orbitals are mixed to form hybrid orbitals, how many hybrid orbitals are formed?

A)one
B)six
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 48

The electron-domain geometry of a carbon-centered compound is tetrahedral. The hybridization of the central carbon atom is __________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²

Question 49

There are __________ unhybridized p atomic orbitals in an sp-hybridized carbon atom.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 50

Of the following, only __________ has sp² hybridization of the central atom.

A)PH₃
B)CO₃^2-
C)ICl₃
D)l₃^-
E)PF₅

Question 51

The hybridization of the oxygen atom labeled y in the structure below is __________. The C-O-H bond angle is __________.

A)sp, 180°
B)sp², 109.5°
C)sp³, 109.5°
D)sp³d², 90°
E)sp, 90°

Question 52

The hybridizations of bromine in BrF₅ and of arsenic in AsF₅ are __________ and __________, respectively.

A)sp³, sp³d
B)sp³d, sp³d²
C)sp³d, sp³
D)sp³d², sp³d
E)sp³d², sp³d²

Question 53

The hybridization scheme for BeF₂ is __________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²

Question 54

The electron-domain geometry of the AsF₅ molecule is trigonal bipyramidal. The hybrid orbitals used by the As atom for bonding are __________ orbitals.

A)sp²d²
B)sp³
C)sp³d²
D)sp³d
E)sp²

Question 55

In which of the molecules is the central atom sp³d² hybridized?

A)(i)and (ii)
B)(iii)only
C)(iii)and (iv)
D)(iv)and (v)
E)(v)only

Question 56

When three atomic orbitals are mixed to form hybrid orbitals, how many hybrid orbitals are formed?

A)one
B)six
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 57

The hybridizations of iodine in IF₃ and IF₅ are __________ and __________, respectively.

A)sp³, sp³d
B)sp³d, sp³d²
C)sp³d, sp³
D)sp³d², sp³d
E)sp³d², sp³d²

Question 58

The sp² atomic hybrid orbital set accommodates __________ electron domains.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 59

__________ hybrid orbitals are used for bonding by Xe in the XeF₄ molecule.

A)sp²
B)sp³
C)sp³d
D)sp³d²
E)sp

Question 60

The hybrid orbitals used for bonding by Xe in the unstable XeF₂ molecule are __________ orbitals.

A)sp²
B)sp³
C)sp³d
D)sp³d²
E)sp

Question 61

The hybridization of nitrogen in the H-CN: molecule is __________.

A)sp
B)s²p
C)s³p
D)sp²
E)sp³

Question 62

In a typical multiple bond, the σ bond results from overlap of __________ orbitals and the π bond(s)result from overlap of __________ orbitals.

A)hybrid, atomic
B)hybrid, hybrid
C)atomic, hybrid
D)hybrid, hybrid or atomic
E)hybrid or atomic, hybrid or atomic

Question 63

The blending of one s atomic orbital and two p atomic orbitals produces __________.

A)three sp hybrid orbitals
B)two sp² hybrid orbitals
C)three sp³ hybrid orbitals
D)two sp³ hybrid orbitals
E)three sp² hybrid orbitals

Question 64

The π bond in ethylene, H₂C-CH₂, results from the overlap of __________.

A)sp³ hybrid orbitals
B)s atomic orbitals
C)sp hybrid orbitals
D)sp² hybrid orbitals
E)p atomic orbitals

Question 65

The N-N bond in HNNH consists of __________.

A)one σ bond and one π bond
B)one σ bond and two π bonds
C)two σ bonds and one π bond
D)two σ bonds and two π bonds
E)one σ bond and no π bonds

Question 66

Which of the following molecules or ions will exhibit delocalized bonding? NO₂^- NH₄⁺ N₃^-

A)NH₄⁺ and N₃^-
B)NO₂^- only
C)NO₂^-, NH₄⁺, and N₃^-
D)N₃^- only
E)NO₂^- and N₃^-

Question 67

The hybridization of the carbon atom labeled x in the molecule below is __________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²

Question 68

In a polyatomic molecule, "localized" bonding electrons are associated with __________.

A)one particular atom
B)two particular atoms
C)all of the atoms in the molecule
D)all of the π bonds in the molecule
E)two or more σ bonds in the molecule

Question 69

The hybridization of the terminal carbons in the H₂C-C-CH₂ molecule is __________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d²

Question 70

The hybridization of carbon in the H-CN: molecule is __________.

A)sp²
B)s²p
C)s³p
D)sp
E)sp³

Question 71

A typical triple bond consists of __________.

A)three sigma bonds
B)three pi bonds
C)one sigma and two pi bonds
D)two sigma and one pi bond
E)three ionic bonds

Question 72

A typical triple bond __________.

A)consists of one σ bond and two π bonds
B)consists of three shared electrons
C)consists of two σ bonds and one π bond
D)consists of six shared electron pairs
E)is longer than a single bond

Question 73

There are __________ σ bonds and __________ π bonds in H₃C-CH₂-CH-CH-CH₂-CCH.

A)14, 2
B)10, 3
C)12, 2
D)13, 2
E)16, 3

Question 74

A typical double bond consists of __________.

A)three sigma bonds
B)three pi bonds
C)one sigma and two pi bonds
D)one sigma and one pi bond
E)three ionic bonds

Question 75

Which of the following molecules or ions will exhibit delocalized bonding? SO₂ SO₃ SO₃^2-

A)SO₂, SO₃, and SO₃^2-
B)SO₃^2- only
C)SO₂ and SO₃
D)SO₃ and SO₃^2-
E)None of the above will exhibit delocalized bonding.

Question 76

A triatomic molecule cannot be linear if the hybridization of the central atoms is __________.

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp² or sp³
E)sp²d or sp³d²

Question 77

In order to exhibit delocalized π bonding, a molecule must have __________.

A)at least two π bonds
B)at least two resonance structures
C)at least three σ bonds
D)at least four atoms
E)trigonal planar electron domain geometry

Question 78

The carbon-carbon σ bond in ethylene, H₂C-CH₂, results from the overlap of __________.

A)sp hybrid orbitals
B)sp³ hybrid orbitals
C)sp² hybrid orbitals
D)s atomic orbitals
E)p atomic orbitals

Question 79

A typical double bond __________.

A)is stronger and shorter than a single bond
B)consists of one σ bond and one π bond
C)imparts rigidity to a molecule
D)consists of two shared electron pairs
E)All of the above answers are correct.

Question 80

Valence bond theory does not address the issue of __________.

A)excited states of molecules
B)molecular shape
C)covalent bonding
D)hybridization
E)multiple bonds