Deck 5: Categorical Syllogisms

Question 1

For Syllogistic Form 1I, the mood and figure is:

A) EAE-4
B) AIA-4
C) IAI-4
D) AEA-1
E) EIE-2

Answer 1

EAE-4

Question 2

Syllogistic Form 3I
Given the following syllogistic form:
Some M are not P.


For Syllogistic Form 3I, after filling in the Venn diagram,

A) Areas 2 and 3 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 1 and 4.
B) Areas 5 and 6 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 1 and 2.
C) Areas 2 and 3 are shaded, and there is an X in area 1.
D) Areas 1 and 2 are shaded, and there is an X in area 3.
E) Areas 2 and 3 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 6 and 7.

Answer 2

Areas 2 and 3 are shaded, and there is an X in area 1.

Question 3

Syllogistic Form 4I
Given the following syllogistic form:
All M are P.

For Syllogistic Form 4I, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:

A) Invalid, drawing an affirmative conclusion from a negative premise.
B) Invalid, illicit major.
C) Valid, no fallacy.
D) Invalid, existential fallacy.
E) Invalid, undistributed middle.

Answer 3

Invalid, illicit major.

Question 4

Syllogistic Form 6I
Given the following syllogistic form:

For Syllogistic Form 6I, after filling in the Venn diagram,

A) There is an X on the line between areas 2 and 3 and between areas 3 and 4.
B) There is an X on the line between areas 1 and 2 and between areas 1 and 4.
C) There is an X on the line between areas 2 and 5 and between areas 4 and 7.
D) There is an X in area 2 and in area 4.
E) Areas 2, 3, and 4 are shaded.

Question 5

Syllogistic Form 6I
Given the following syllogistic form:

For Syllogistic Form 6I, the mood and figure is:

A) OOO-2
B) OOO-3
C) AAA-2
D) EEE-2
E) III-2

Question 6

Syllogistic Form 2I
Given the following syllogistic form:
No P are M.

For Syllogistic Form 2I, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:

A) Invalid, existential fallacy.
B) Valid, no fallacy.
C) Invalid, drawing a negative conclusion from a negative premise.
D) Invalid, illicit minor.
E) Invalid, undistributed middle.

Question 7

Syllogistic Form 4I
Given the following syllogistic form:
All M are P.

For Syllogistic Form 4I, after filling in the Venn diagram,

A) Areas 1 and 2 are shaded, and there is an X in area 3.
B) Areas 3 and 4 are shaded, and there is an X in area 2.
C) Areas 1 and 2 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 3 and 4.
D) Areas 6 and 7 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 2 and 3.
E) Areas 1 and 4 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 3 and 4.

Question 8

Syllogistic Form 5I
Given the following syllogistic form:
All M are P.


For Syllogistic Form 5I, after filling in the Venn diagram, ​ ​

A) There is an X on the line between areas 2 and 3 and between areas 3 and 4.
B) Areas 1, 2, and 4 are shaded.
C) Areas 2, 3, and 4 are shaded.
D) Areas 5, 6, and 7 are shaded.
E) Areas 1, 2, 5, and 6 are shaded.

Question 9

Syllogistic Form 6I
Given the following syllogistic form:

For Syllogistic Form 6I, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:

A) Invalid, illicit major.
B) Invalid, undistributed middle.
C) Invalid, exclusive premises.
D) Valid, no fallacy.
E) Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 10

For Syllogistic Form 1I, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:

A) Invalid, existential fallacy.
B) Invalid, exclusive premises.
C) Valid, no fallacy.
D) Invalid, illicit minor.
E) Invalid, drawing a negative conclusion from an affirmative premise.

Question 11

Syllogistic Form 5I
Given the following syllogistic form:
All M are P.


For Syllogistic Form 5I, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:

A) Invalid, illicit major.
B) Invalid, exclusive premises.
C) Invalid, illicit minor.
D) Invalid, existential fallacy.
E) Valid, no fallacy.

Question 12

Syllogistic Form 2I
Given the following syllogistic form:
No P are M.

For Syllogistic Form 2I, after filling in the Venn diagram,

A) Areas 3 and 4 are shaded, and there is an X in area 5.
B) Areas 6 and 7 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 2 and 3.
C) Areas 3, 4, 5, and 6 are shaded.
D) Areas 5 and 6 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 3 and 4.
E) Areas 3 and 4 are shaded, and there is an X in area 2.

Question 13

Syllogistic Form 2I
Given the following syllogistic form:
No P are M.

For Syllogistic Form 2I, the mood and figure is:

A) IEO-2
B) EAO-1
C) EIO-2
D) AIO-1
E) EIO-3

Question 14

For Syllogistic Form 1I, after filling in the Venn diagram,

A) Areas 1, 4, 6 and 7 are shaded.
B) Areas 1, 3, and 4 are shaded.
C) Areas 2, 3, 6, and 7 are shaded.
D) Areas 3 and 4 are shaded, and there is an X in area 2.
E) Areas 1, 2, 6, and 7 are shaded.

Question 15

Syllogistic Form 4I
Given the following syllogistic form:
All M are P.

For Syllogistic Form 4I, the mood and figure is:

A) IAO-1
B) EIO-1
C) AOI-3
D) AIO-2
E) AIO-3

Question 16

Syllogistic Form 3I
Given the following syllogistic form:
Some M are not P.


For Syllogistic Form 3I, the mood and figure is:

A) EAE-4
B) IEI-1
C) OEO-3
D) OAO-2
E) OEO-1

Question 17

Given the following syllogism:

This syllogism:

A) Is invalid from only the Boolean standpoint.
B) Is invalid from both standpoints.
C) Is invalid from only the Aristotelian standpoint.
D) Is valid from both standpoints.
E) Commits the existential fallacy from only the Boolean standpoint.

Question 18

Given the following syllogism:

This syllogism:

A) Commits the existential fallacy from the Aristotelian standpoint only.
B) Is valid from the Boolean standpoint.
C) Is invalid from both the Boolean and the Aristotelian standpoints.
D) Is valid from the Aristotelian standpoint.
E) Commits the existential fallacy from both standpoints.

Question 19

Syllogistic Form 5I
Given the following syllogistic form:
All M are P.


For Syllogistic Form 5I, the mood and figure is:

A) EEO-3
B) EEI-2
C) AAI-3
D) AAO-2
E) AAI-2

Question 20

Syllogistic Form 3I
Given the following syllogistic form:
Some M are not P.


For Syllogistic Form 3I, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:

A) Valid, no fallacy.
B) Invalid, illicit major.
C) Invalid, undistributed middle.
D) Invalid, exclusive premises.
E) Invalid, drawing an affirmative conclusion from negative premises.

Question 21

Sorites 1I
Given the following sorites:
Some M are H.
All G are Q.
All S are G.

For Sorites 1I, the second intermediate conclusion is:

A) No G are H.
B) Some M are not Q.
C) No S are H.
D) All S are Q.
E) Some H are not G.

Question 22

Syllogism 4I
Given the following syllogism:
Games are not fun unless they are challenging, so chess is fun, because chess is challenging.
For Syllogism 4I, the conclusion is:

A) All games identical to chess are fun games.
B) All games identical to chess are challenging games.
C) No unchallenging games are games identical to chess.
D) All challenging games are games identical to chess.
E) All fun games are challenging games.

Question 23

Syllogism 1I
Given the following syllogism:
No unpopular monarchs are autocrats with vision, so some autocrats without vision are not insane leaders, for some sane leaders are popular monarchs.
For Syllogism 1I, the minor premise is:

A) All autocrats with vision are popular monarchs.
B) Some sane leaders are not popular monarchs.
C) Some sane leaders are not autocrats with vision.
D) Some sane leaders are popular monarchs.
E) Some autocrats with vision are not sane leaders.

Question 24

Given the following sorites: No S are A.
All N are A.
All T are N.
Some R are T.
Some R are not S.
This sorites is:

A) Invalid because only one premise is negative.
B) Invalid because one of the middle terms is undistributed.
C) Invalid because a term is distributed in the conclusion but not in the premise.
D) Valid because no rules are broken.
E) Valid because a negative premise requires a negative conclusion.

Question 25

Syllogism 2I
Given the following syllogism:
Some factually incorrect accounts are interesting novels, for some inspired stories are factually correct accounts, and all boring novels are uninspired stories.
After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 2I, the conclusion is:

A) Some interesting novels are not factually correct accounts.
B) Some inspired stories are not factually correct accounts.
C) All inspired stories are interesting novels.
D) Some factually correct accounts are interesting novels.
E) Some inspired stories are factually correct accounts.

Question 26

Syllogism 1I
Given the following syllogism:
No unpopular monarchs are autocrats with vision, so some autocrats without vision are not insane leaders, for some sane leaders are popular monarchs.
After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 1I, the conclusion is:

A) Some sane leaders are not autocrats with vision.
B) All popular monarchs are autocrats with vision.
C) Some autocrats with vision are not sane leaders.
D) All autocrats with vision are popular monarchs.
E) Some sane leaders are popular monarchs.

Question 27

Syllogism 2I
Given the following syllogism:
Some factually incorrect accounts are interesting novels, for some inspired stories are factually correct accounts, and all boring novels are uninspired stories.
For Syllogism 2I, the major premise is:

A) No boring novels are inspired stories.
B) Some inspired stories are factually correct accounts.
C) Some inspired stories are not factually correct accounts.
D) All inspired stories are interesting novels.
E) Some interesting novels are not factually correct accounts.

Question 28

Syllogism 2I
Given the following syllogism:
Some factually incorrect accounts are interesting novels, for some inspired stories are factually correct accounts, and all boring novels are uninspired stories.
For Syllogism 2I, the minor premise is:

A) Some inspired stories are factually correct accounts.
B) Some interesting novels are factually correct accounts.
C) Some interesting novels are not factually correct accounts.
D) No boring novels are inspired stories.
E) All inspired stories are interesting novels.

Question 29

Sorites 1I
Given the following sorites:
Some M are H.
All G are Q.
All S are G.

For Sorites 1I, the correct standard form is:

A) Some M are not S.
All S are G.
All G are Q.

B) All G are Q.
No H are Q.
Some M are H.

C) No H are Q.
All G are Q.
All S are G.

D) No S are G.
Some G are Q.
All H are Q.

E) All S are G.
All G are Q.
No H are Q.

Question 30

Sorites 1I
Given the following sorites:
Some M are H.
All G are Q.
All S are G.

For Sorites 1I, the first intermediate conclusion is:

A) All S are Q.
B) Some M are not G.
C) No G are H.
D) No S are H.
E) Some M are not Q.

Question 31

Syllogism 3I
Given the following syllogism:
Taffy must not be a dog because Taffy climbs trees and dogs never climb trees.
For Syllogism 3I, the minor premise is:

A) All animals that climb trees are animals identical to Taffy.
B) No animals identical to taffy are animals that do not climb trees.
C) No dogs are animals that climb trees.
D) No animals identical to Taffy are dogs.
E) All animals identical to Taffy are animals that climb trees.

Question 32

Syllogism 4I
Given the following syllogism:
Games are not fun unless they are challenging, so chess is fun, because chess is challenging.
After translating Syllogism 4I into standard form, the conclusion is:

A) All challenging games are fun games.
B) All games identical to chess are fun games.
C) All fun games are games identical to chess.
D) All fun games are challenging games.
E) All games identical to chess are challenging games.

Question 33

Given the following enthymeme: Cathy is never happy when it rains, so Cathy must not be happy now.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

A) Whenever Cathy is unhappy it rains. (Premise)
B) Whenever it rains it is not sunny. (Conclusion)
C) It is raining now. (Premise)
D) It is not sunny now. (Premise)
E) Cathy is always happy when it's sunny. (Conclusion)

Question 34

Syllogism 3I
Given the following syllogism:
Taffy must not be a dog because Taffy climbs trees and dogs never climb trees.
For Syllogism 3I, the major premise is:

A) All animals identical to Taffy are animals that climb trees.
B) All animals identical to Taffy are cats.
C) All dogs are not animals that climb trees.
D) No dogs are animals that climb trees.
E) No animals identical to Taffy are dogs.

Question 35

Syllogism 1I
Given the following syllogism:
No unpopular monarchs are autocrats with vision, so some autocrats without vision are not insane leaders, for some sane leaders are popular monarchs.
For Syllogism 1I, the major premise is:

A) No autocrats with vision are unpopular monarchs.
B) Some popular monarchs are not sane leaders.
C) All autocrats with vision are popular monarchs.
D) Some sane leaders are popular monarchs.
E) All popular monarchs are autocrats with vision.

Question 36

Syllogism 3I
Given the following syllogism:
Taffy must not be a dog because Taffy climbs trees and dogs never climb trees.
After translating Syllogism 3I into standard form, the conclusion is:

A) All animals identical to Taffy are not dogs.
B) All cats are animals that climb trees.
C) No animals identical to Taffy are dogs.
D) All animals identical to Taffy are animals that climb trees.
E) No dogs are animals that climb trees.

Question 37

Given the following enthymeme: The office is closed today, because today is Sunday.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

A) The only day the office is closed is Sunday. (Premise)
B) All days identical to today are days the office is closed. (Premise)
C) The office will be open on Monday. (Conclusion)
D) The office is closed on Sunday. (Premise)
E) Most offices are closed on Sunday. (Conclusion)

Question 38

Syllogism 4I
Given the following syllogism:
Games are not fun unless they are challenging, so chess is fun, because chess is challenging.
For Syllogism 4I, the major premise is:

A) All fun games are challenging games.
B) All games identical to chess are challenging games.
C) All challenging games are fun games.
D) All games identical to chess are fun games.
E) All games that are not fun are challenging games.

Question 39

Sorites 1I
Given the following sorites:
Some M are H.
All G are Q.
All S are G.

For Sorites 1I, the correct answer is:

A) Unsound.
B) Valid.
C) Sound.
D) Cogent.
E) Invalid.

Question 40

Given the following enthymeme: Anyone who smokes is asking for trouble, and Fred smokes two packs per day.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

A) Fred should quit smoking. (Conclusion)
B) Anyone who smokes two packs per day is asking for trouble. (Premise)
C) Fred may get cancer. (Conclusion)
D) All persons identical to Fred are persons who smoke excessively. (Premise)
E) Fred is asking for trouble. (Conclusion)

Question 41

Given the following syllogism:
No tigers are bears.

This syllogism commits the existential fallacy from:

A) The Aristotelian standpoint but not from the Boolean standpoint.
B) Both the Boolean and the Aristotelian standpoints.
C) The Boolean standpoint but not from the Aristotelian standpoint.
D) Neither the Boolean nor the Aristotelian standpoint.
E) The syllogistic standpoint.

Question 42

Syllogistic Form 2H
Given the following syllogistic form:
No P are M.

For Syllogistic Form 2H, the mood and figure is:

A) EAI-3
B) AEO-2
C) IAO-2
D) AEO-3
E) EAO-2

Question 43

Syllogistic Form 4H
Given the following syllogistic form:
Some M are not P.

For Syllogistic Form 4H, after filling in the Venn diagram,

A) Areas 1, 2, and 4 are shaded, and there is an X in area 3.
B) Areas 5 and 6 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 2 and 3.
C) Areas 1 and 4 are shaded, and there is an X in area 2.
D) Areas 1 and 4 are shaded, and there is an X in area 3.
E) Areas 6 and 7 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 2 and 3.

Question 44

Syllogistic Form 2H
Given the following syllogistic form:
No P are M.

For Syllogistic Form 2H, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:

A) Invalid, drawing a negative conclusion from a negative premise.
B) Invalid, existential fallacy.
C) Invalid, illicit major.
D) Invalid, exclusive premises.
E) Valid, no fallacy.

Question 45

Syllogistic Form 4H
Given the following syllogistic form:
Some M are not P.

For Syllogistic Form 4H, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:

A) Valid, no fallacy.
B) Invalid, drawing a negative conclusion from a negative premise.
C) Invalid, exclusive premises.
D) Invalid, illicit major.
E) Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 46

Syllogistic Form 3H
Given the following syllogistic form:
Some P are not M.


For Syllogistic Form 3H, after filling in the Venn diagram,

A) There is an X on the line between areas 2 and 5 and between areas 1 and 4.
B) There is an X in areas 2 and in area 7.
C) There is an X on the line between areas 2 and 3 and between areas 6 and 7.
D) There is an X on the line between areas 1 and 2 and between areas 5 and 6.
E) There is an X on the line between areas 3 and 4 and in area 3.

Question 47

Syllogistic Form 2H
Given the following syllogistic form:
No P are M.

For Syllogistic Form 2H, after filling in the Venn diagram,

A) Areas 5, 6, and 7 are shaded.
B) Areas 1, 2, 5, and 6 are shaded.
C) Areas 2, 3, and 4 are shaded.
D) Areas 3 and 4 are shaded, and there is an X in area 2.
E) Areas 3, 4, 5, and 6 are shaded.

Question 48

Syllogistic Form 4H
Given the following syllogistic form:
Some M are not P.

For Syllogistic Form 4H, the mood and figure is:

A) EAE-2
B) OAO-3
C) OAO-4
D) IAI-3
E) OEO-4

Question 49

Syllogistic Form 3H
Given the following syllogistic form:
Some P are not M.


For Syllogistic Form 3H, the mood and figure is:

A) EAE-3
B) IOI-4
C) OAO-1
D) OIO-4
E) AIA-4

Question 50

Syllogistic Form 6H
Given the following syllogistic form:

For Syllogistic Form 6H, after filling in the Venn diagram,

A) Areas 2 and 3 are shaded, and there is an X in area 4.
B) Areas 1, 2, 5, and 6 are shaded.
C) Areas 3, 4, 5, and 6 are shaded.
D) Areas 1, 2, and 3 are shaded.
E) Areas 5 and 6 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 3 and 4.

Question 51

Given the following syllogistic form:
All M are P.

This form is:

A) Conditionally valid from the Aristotelian standpoint.
B) Conditionally valid from the Boolean standpoint.
C) Valid from the Aristotelian standpoint.
D) Valid from the Boolean standpoint.
E) Invalid from the Aristotelian standpoint.

Question 52

Syllogistic Form 6H
Given the following syllogistic form:

For Syllogistic Form 6H, the mood and figure is:

A) EAE-4
B) EAE-1
C) AEA-1
D) AIA-1
E) EIE-4

Question 53

For Syllogistic Form 1H, the mood and figure is:

A) EOO-3
B) EOO-2
C) AOO-3
D) AII-4
E) IOO-1

Question 54

For Syllogistic Form 1H, after filling in the Venn diagram,

A) Areas 1 and 2 are shaded and there is an X in area 4.
B) Areas 3 and 4 are shaded and there is an X on the line between areas 1 and 2.
C) Areas 3 and 4 are shaded and there is an X in area 1.
D) Areas 2 and 3 are shaded and there is an X on the line between areas 1 and 4.
E) Areas 6 and 7 are shaded and there is an X on the line between areas 1 and 4.

Question 55

Syllogistic Form 3H
Given the following syllogistic form:
Some P are not M.


For Syllogistic Form 3H, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:

A) Invalid, illicit major.
B) Invalid, drawing a negative conclusion from an affirmative premise.
C) Invalid, illicit minor.
D) Invalid, exclusive premises.
E) Invalid, undistributed middle.

Question 56

Syllogistic Form 5H
Given the following syllogistic form:
All P are M.


For Syllogistic Form 5H, the mood and figure is:

A) EEE-3
B) AAA-2
C) III-4
D) OOO-2
E) AAA-3

Question 57

Syllogistic Form 5H
Given the following syllogistic form:
All P are M.


For Syllogistic Form 5H, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:

A) Valid, no fallacy.
B) Invalid, illicit minor.
C) Invalid, exclusive premises.
D) Invalid, undistributed middle.
E) Invalid, drawing an affirmative conclusion from universal premises.

Question 58

Syllogistic Form 6H
Given the following syllogistic form:

For Syllogistic Form 6H, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:

A) Invalid, drawing an affirmative conclusion from a negative premise.
B) Invalid, illicit minor.
C) Invalid, existential fallacy.
D) Invalid, exclusive premises.
E) Invalid, drawing a negative conclusion from affirmative premises.

Question 59

For Syllogistic Form 1H, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:

A) Invalid, illicit minor.
B) Invalid, illicit major.
C) Invalid, existential fallacy.
D) Invalid, exclusive premises.
E) Valid, no fallacy.

Question 60

Syllogistic Form 5H
Given the following syllogistic form:
All P are M.


For Syllogistic Form 5H, after filling in the Venn diagram,

A) Areas 1, 5, and 7 are shaded.
B) Areas 2, 3, and 4 are shaded.
C) Areas 5, 6, and 7 are shaded.
D) There is an X on the line between areas 2 and 3 and between areas 3 and 4.
E) All areas except area 3 are shaded.

Question 61

Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are F.
Some K are N.
No R are A.


For Sorites 1H, the correct standard form is:

A) Some A are not K.
Some K are N.
No N are F.

B) Some K are N.
No N are F.
No R are A.

C) No N are F.
Some K are N.
All R are F.

D) Some K are N.
No N are F.
All R are F.

E) Some K are not N.
All N are F.
No R are F.

Question 62

Given the following enthymeme: Only dentists are invited, and Dr. Klein is not a dentist.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

A) All dentists are persons invited. (Conclusion)
B) Dr. Klein is not invited. (Conclusion)
C) All persons invited are dentists. (Premise)
D) Dr. Klein is invited. (Conclusion)
E) No persons identical to Dr. Klein are dentists. (Conclusion)

Question 63

Syllogism 3H
Given the following syllogism:
A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly.
For Syllogism 3H, the minor premise is:

A) All animals with fangs are unfriendly animals.
B) Some snakes are animals with fangs.
C) No animals with fangs are friendly animals.
D) Some snakes are not friendly animals.
E) Some snakes are not animals with fangs.

Question 64

Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are F.
Some K are N.
No R are A.


For Sorites 1H, the first intermediate conclusion is:

A) Some K are F.
B) No N are R.
C) Some K are not F.
D) No A are F.
E) Some F are not K.

Question 65

Syllogism 4H
Given the following syllogism:
Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes.
For Syllogism 4H, the minor premise is:

A) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who read what they like.
B) Some books Trudy likes are biographies.
C) All books Trudy likes are books Trudy reads.
D) All books Trudy reads are books Trudy likes.
E) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who read biographies.

Question 66

Syllogism 2H
Given the following syllogism:
No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships.
After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 2H, the conclusion is:

A) No happy marriages are planned arrangements.
B) Some fulfilling relationships are not happy marriages.
C) Some happy marriages are not fulfilling relationships.
D) Some planned arrangements are not fulfilling relationships.
E) Some fulfilling relationships are not planned arrangements.

Question 67

Syllogism 1H
Given the following syllogism:
No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works.
For Syllogism 1H, the major premise is:

A) All expensive art works are signed paintings.
B) All signed paintings are unframed prints.
C) All framed prints are expensive art works.
D) No signed paintings are framed prints.
E) All expensive art works are framed prints.

Question 68

Syllogism 1H
Given the following syllogism:
No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works.
After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 1H, the conclusion is:

A) All expensive art works are framed prints.
B) All signed paintings are expensive art works.
C) All expensive art works are signed paintings.
D) No signed paintings are framed prints.
E) No unframed prints are expensive art works.

Question 69

Syllogism 1H
Given the following syllogism:
No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works.
For Syllogism 1H, the minor premise is:

A) All signed paintings are unframed prints.
B) No signed paintings are framed prints.
C) All expensive art works are signed paintings.
D) All signed paintings are expensive art works.
E) All expensive art works are framed prints.

Question 70

Syllogism 3H
Given the following syllogism:
A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly.
For Syllogism 3H, the major premise is:

A) No snakes with fangs are friendly animals.
B) All animals with fangs are unfriendly animals.
C) Some snakes are animals with fangs.
D) Some snakes are not friendly animals.
E) No animals with fangs are friendly animals.

Question 71

Given the following enthymeme: Suzanne must be smart. After all, she earns 'A's.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

A) Not all Suzanne's grades are 'A's. (Premise)
B) Suzanne is a smart student. (Conclusion)
C) Every smart student earns 'A's. (Premise)
D) Suzanne will graduate with honors. (Conclusion)
E) Anyone who earns 'A's is smart. (Premise)

Question 72

Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are F.
Some K are N.
No R are A.


For Sorites 1H, the correct answer is:

A) Valid.
B) Invalid.
C) Sound
D) Cogent
E) Uncogent

Question 73

Syllogism 4H
Given the following syllogism:
Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes.
For Syllogism 4H, the major premise is:

A) All books Trudy likes are biographies.
B) Some books Trudy likes are biographies.
C) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who like biographies.
D) All persons who read what they like are persons identical to Trudy.
E) Some books Trudy likes are not biographies.

Question 74

Given the following enthymeme: Whenever housing prices rise landlords prosper, and housing prices are rising now.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

A) Landlords are prospering now. (Conclusion)
B) All persons who own houses are landlords. (Premise)
C) Landlords prosper when housing prices rise. (Premise)
D) Housing prices rise when interest rates fall. (Premise)
E) All landlords are persons who own houses. (Conclusion)

Question 75

Syllogism 3H
Given the following syllogism:
A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly.
After translating Syllogism 3H into standard form, the conclusion is:

A) Some snakes are not friendly animals.
B) No snakes are friendly animals.
C) Some friendly animals are not snakes.
D) Some snakes are friendly animals.
E) No animals with fangs are friendly animals.

Question 76

Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are F.
Some K are N.
No R are A.


For Sorites 1H, the second intermediate conclusion is:

A) No A are F.
B) No F are N.
C) Some K are R.
D) Some F are not K.
E) Some K are not R.

Question 77

Syllogism 4H
Given the following syllogism:
Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes.
After translating Syllogism 4H into standard form, the conclusion is:

A) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who read what they like.
B) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who read biographies.
C) All books Trudy reads are biographies.
D) Some books Trudy reads are biographies.
E) Some books Trudy likes are biographies.

Question 78

Given the following sorites: Some M are R.
All R are H.
All H are D.
No K are D.
Some K are not M.
This sorites is:

A) Invalid because a term is distributed in the conclusion but not in the premise.
B) Invalid because a universal premise requires a universal conclusion.
C) Invalid because a term is distributed in a premise but not in the conclusion.
D) Valid because a particular premise requires a particular conclusion.
E) Valid because no rules are broken.

Question 79

Syllogism 2H
Given the following syllogism:
No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships.
For Syllogism 2H, the major premise is:

A) All happy marriages are unplanned arrangements.
B) Some unhappy marriages are fulfilling relationships.
C) Some fulfilling relationships are not planned arrangements.
D) No happy marriages are planned arrangements.
E) Some happy marriages are fulfilling relationships.

Question 80

Syllogism 2H
Given the following syllogism:
No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships.
For Syllogism 2H, the minor premise is:

A) Some happy marriages are fulfilling relationships.
B) All happy marriages are planned arrangements.
C) Some fulfilling relationships are not happy marriages.
D) Some planned arrangements are not fulfilling relationships.
E) Some fulfilling relationships are not planned arrangements.