Deck 6: Epigenetics and Disease

Question 1

A diagnosis of Angelman syndrome in a child is supported by which assessment findings? (Select all that apply.)

A) Small feet and hands
B) Profound cognitive dysfunction
C) Obesity
D) Ataxic gait
E) History of seizures

Answer 1

Profound cognitive dysfunction
Ataxic gait
History of seizures

Question 2

Prader-Willi syndrome causes a chromosomal defect that is:

A) Initiated by postnatal exposure to a virus
B) Inherited from the father
C) Related to maternal alcohol abuse
D) Transferred from mother to child

Answer 2

Inherited from the father

Question 3

Hypomethylation and the resulting effect on oncogenes result in a(an):

A) Decrease in the activity of the oncogene, thus suppressing cancer development
B) Deactivation of MLH1 to halt DNA repair
C) Increase in tumor progression from benign to malignant
D) Over-expression of microRNA, resulting in tumorigenesis

Answer 3

Increase in tumor progression from benign to malignant

Question 4

Genes responsible for the maintenance of all cells are referred to as:

A) Universal
B) Managerial
C) Housekeeping
D) Executive

Question 5

A malfunction in DNA methylation can lead to:

A) Hypothyroidism
B) Blindness
C) Cancer
D) Diabetes mellitus

Question 6

Which term refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair?

A) Activated
B) Altered
C) Mutated
D) Imprinted

Question 7

What is the belief regarding twins who adopt dramatically different lifestyles?

A) They may experience very different aging processes.
B) They will retain very similar methylation patterns.
C) They will experience identical phenotypes throughout their lifespans.
D) They may never demonstrate similar DNA sequences of their somatic cells.

Question 8

A child's diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is supported by the presence of: (Select all that apply.)

A) An omphalocele
B) Neonatal hypoglycemia
C) Creased earlobes
D) Low birth weight
E) A large tongue

Question 9

Which statement is true regarding the embryonic development of stem cells?

A) They are already differentiated.
B) They are referred to as housekeeping genes.
C) They already demonstrate DNA sequencing.
D) They are said to be pluripotent.

Question 10

When microRNA (miRNA)are methylated their messenger RNA (mRNA)targets are over-expressed,the resulting effect on existing cancer would be:

A) Cell death
B) Metastasis
C) Remission
D) Relapse

Question 11

When a chromosome lacking 4 Mb is inherited from the mother,the child is at risk for developing which syndrome?

A) Prader-Willi
B) Angelman
C) Beckwith-Wiedemann
D) Russell-Silver

Question 12

The difference between DNA sequence mutations and epigenetic modifications is:

A) DNA sequence mutations can be directly altered.
B) Leukemia is a result of only DNA sequence mutation.
C) Epigenetic modifications can be reversed.
D) No known drug therapies are available for epigenetic modifications.

Question 13

What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a pair of identical twins?

A) Epigenetic modifications
B) Genomic imprinting
C) Transgenerational inheritance
D) Methylation

Question 14

The shape of the face of a child diagnosed with Russell-Silver syndrome is likely to be:

A) Round
B) Square
C) Triangular
D) Elongated