Deck 5: Anxiety, Trauma and Stressor-Related, and Obsessive-Compulsive

Question 1

Fear activates a

A) surge of energy in the autonomic nervous system so we can flee.
B) psychological but not physiological response.
C) physiological but not psychological response.
D) decrease in inhibitory mechanisms in the somatic nervous system so we can flee.

Answer 1

surge of energy in the autonomic nervous system so we can flee.

Question 2

Lawanda was walking down the street on a bright sunny day when, all of a sudden, she had an abrupt attack of intense fear that totally surprised her. This is what type of panic attack?

A) Situationally predisposed
B) Situationally bound
C) Cued
D) Uncued

Answer 2

Uncued

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a basic type of panic attack?

A) Expected
B) Unexpected
C) Cued
D) Situation inevitable

Answer 3

Situation inevitable

Question 4

"I've got to get out of here right now, or I may not make it!" This statement is most likely to be said by someone experiencing a(n)

A) episode of depression.
B) future-oriented mood state.
C) fear reaction.
D) parasympathetic "surge."

Question 5

Specific psychological vulnerabilities are:

A) irritating.
B) equivalent to low self-esteem.
C) show the inability to cope.
D) physical sensations.

Question 6

Which of the following is an accurate statement about anxiety?

A) An inherited tendency can make us tense or uptight.
B) A single gene makes us vulnerable to anxiety.
C) Panic disorder does not "run in families."
D) Stress is a direct cause of panic disorder.

Question 7

According to Jeffrey Gray, a British neuropsychologist, the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is activated by danger signals , resulting in the experience of anxiety.

A) ascending from the brain stem
B) descending from the cortex
C) arising from the brain stem or descending from the cortex
D) within the amygdala only

Question 8

According to Gray and McNaughton (1996), the fight-or-flight system is partially activated by deficiencies in the neurotransmitter in the brain.

A) serotonin
B) dopamine
C) acetylcholine
D) norepinephrine

Question 9

Anxiety is closely related to which of the following psychological disorders?

A) Schizophrenia
B) Depression
C) Dementia
D) Psychosis

Question 10

Which of the following characterizes the mood-state known as anxiety?

A) Positive mood state
B) Reduced heart rate
C) Apprehension about the future
D) Muscle relaxation

Question 11

The area of the brain most often associated with anxiety is the .

A) limbic system
B) reticular activating system
C) occipital lobe
D) corpus callosum

Question 12

People tend to have their best performance on tasks when they are .

A) very anxious
B) not anxious at all
C) a little anxious
D) fearful

Question 13

Which of the following is not a physiological symptom of anxiety?

A) Positive mood state
B) Physical Tension
C) Apprehension about the future
D) Elevated Heart Rate

Question 14

Anxiety is thought to be a state, while fear is more .

A) future-oriented; immediate
B) short-term; long-term
C) real; irrational
D) immediate; future-oriented

Question 15

Which type of panic attack is most closely related to phobias?

A) Situationally predisposed
B) Expected
C) Unexpected
D) Uncued

Question 16

Mrs. Pan has an anxiety disorder in which she has occasional panic attacks when shopping at the mall. This type of panic attack is referred to as _______________.

A) uncued
B) diathesis-originated
C) cued
D) situationally premeditated

Question 17

Research suggests that we inherit a tendency to be tense, which is .

A) caused by a single gene
B) caused by multiple genes
C) related to depression
D) related to schizophrenia

Question 18

When people experience severe anxiety, they

A) often know it is irrational, but can't help it.
B) usually are able to just "turn off" those feelings.
C) often experience a break with reality.
D) don't recognize that the feelings are, in fact, anxiety.

Question 19

Generalized psychological vulnerabilities lead to:

A) tendency toward lack of self-confidence.
B) low self-esteem.
C) inability to cope.
D) all of the above.

Question 20

Members of the Falcons High School senior class will have an increased risk of developing anxiety disorders if they

A) smoke marijuana more than once per week.
B) smoke 20 or more cigarettes daily.
C) drink alcohol every day.
D) use anabolic steroids for 6 months or more.

Question 21

A child who is afraid of dogs because her father was afraid of dogs is said to have a vulnerability.

A) specific psychological
B) general biological
C) general psychological
D) specific biological

Question 22

The behavioral inhibition system is activated by signals from the .

A) brain stem
B) hypothalamus
C) hippocampus
D) cerebellum

Question 23

Having an anxiety disorder increases the risk of .

A) depression
B) migraines
C) suicidal ideation
D) all of the above

Question 24

Which of the following statements is TRUE about anxiety disorders?

A) Major depression occurs in 65% of the cases of people diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.
B) Having an anxiety disorder along with depression has no effect on the recovery rate.
C) Having an anxiety disorder might contribute to a physical disorder such as arthritis.
D) The most common additional diagnosis for all anxiety disorders was alcoholism.

Question 25

For Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), intense cognitive process is accompanied by:

A) Restricted autonomic response
B) Inadequate problem solving skills
C) Worry
D) Emotion

Question 26

The recent research by Johnson et al. (2000) on cigarette smoking by teenagers indicates the possibility that

A) brain circuits are permanently "wired."
B) neurotransmitter systems operate independently of non-biological influences.
C) sensitivity of brain circuits can be effected by environmental factors.
D) respiratory disorders cause changes in neurotransmitter systems.

Question 27

Recent research by Barlow (2002) and others indicates that vulnerability to anxiety disorders is related to

A) one's sense of control over environmental events.
B) the number of unexpected occurrences in one's life.
C) the number of siblings in one's family.
D) genetic or biological factors only.

Question 28

Hideki was attending his fifth baseball game at Condor Stadium, where he had previously had a panic attack. He did not know if he would have a panic attack today, but shortly after entering the stadium, he did. This type of panic attack is ____________.

A) environmentally predisposed
B) situationally bound
C) cued
D) uncued

Question 29

All of the following are symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) EXCEPT

A) muscle tension.
B) mental agitation.
C) worrying about minor daily events.
D) hypersomnia.

Question 30

Research suggests that generalized anxiety disorder is five-times more likely to develop in adults if they

A) smoked after age 20.
B) never smoked.
C) smoked as a teen.
D) chewed tobacco as a teen.

Question 31

Which of the following terms is most associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

A) Fear
B) Panic
C) Worry
D) Emotion

Question 32

Which of the following brain areas is NOT closely associated with anxiety?

A) Hippocampus
B) Amygdala
C) Prefrontal cortex
D) Hypothalamus

Question 33

According to the DSM-IV-TR criteria, the symptoms of a panic attack develop abruptly and reach a peak within minute(s).

A) 1
B) 10
C) 30
D) 60

Question 34

Physiological assessments of panic attacks recorded in the laboratory indicate an increase in all of the following EXCEPT ______________.

A) heartbeat
B) finger temperature
C) muscle tension
D) stomach contractions

Question 35

Research suggests that anxiety and depression frequently

A) co-occur.
B) are totally separate disorders.
C) can occur in the same person, but not at the same time.
D) share no vulnerability.

Question 36

Stressful life events-such as marriage, divorce, familial death, or academic pressures-trigger our vulnerabilities to anxiety. These are examples of a contribution.

A) psychological
B) biological
C) social
D) cultural

Question 37

Studies suggest that parents can protect their child from anxiety if they

A) never let them experience adversity.
B) teach independence by ignoring the child's needs.
C) let children explore the world and deal with the unexpected.
D) cope for the child as much as possible.

Question 38

At the time of assessment of an anxiety disorder, depressive disorder.

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 55%
D) 75%

Question 39

In what way is worry not useful?

A) It helps us plan for the future.
B) It makes sure we are prepared for a task.
C) It makes us double check that we have thought of everything before leaving on a trip.
D) It ensures that we respond appropriately to fear-inducing events.

Question 40

For Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), avoidance of imagery is accompanied by:

A) Restricted autonomic response
B) Inadequate problem solving skills
C) Worry
D) Emotion

Question 41

The phenomenon known as "isolated sleep paralysis" is most likely to occur in disorder.

A) Caucasians
B) African Americans
C) Latinos
D) Asians

Question 42

Barlow and others (1992) developed a cognitive-behavioral treatment for GAD that helps the patient

A) avoid feelings of anxiety as well as the negative images associated with those feelings.
B) confront anxiety-provoking thoughts and images.
C) adjust medication levels as needed to cope with the anxiety.
D) analyze the unconscious sources of the anxiety.

Question 43

Nocturnal panic attacks generally occur when an individual is .

A) in REM sleep
B) having a nightmare
C) deeply asleep
D) dreaming

Question 44

Evidence now suggests that agoraphobic avoidance behavior is one component of

A) exaggerated obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) major phobias.
C) severe, unexpected panic attacks.
D) mild generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 45

People with a psychological vulnerability to panic attacks tend to normal physical sensations.

A) catastrophize
B) minimize
C) fake
D) ignore

Question 46

An individual who suffers from panic disorder might become anxious about climbing stairs, exercising, or being in hot rooms because these activities produce sensations similar to those accompanying a panic attack. In psychological terms, the exercise and hot rooms have become .

A) conditioned stimuli
B) unconditioned stimuli
C) conditioned responses
D) unconditioned responses

Question 47

Which physiological measure consistently distinguishes individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) from non-anxious normal subjects?

A) Increased muscle tension
B) Increased heart rate
C) Decreased EEG beta activity
D) Heightened autonomic arousal

Question 48

People with GAD tend to worry about

A) large, extremely stressful events only.
B) mostly minor things.
C) physical threats only.
D) germs and diseases only.

Question 49

Panic attacks tend to occur most often a.m.

A) at daybreak due to a fear of the new day.
B) at sunset after a stressful day.
C) during deep sleep between 1:30 and 3:30
D) in the evening when people start dreaming.

Question 50

Agoraphobic avoidance behavior appears to be determined by

A) how recently the last panic attack occurred.
B) the extent to which the person expects another panic attack to occur.
C) the number of panic attacks the person has had in the past.
D) how severe the panic attacks have been.

Question 51

People with GAD

A) have a median age of onset at 25, based on interviews.
B) have episodes that come and go.
C) have a 58% chance of recovery after having the disorder for 12 years.
D) are three times as likely to develop agoraphobia as those without GAD.

Question 52

For generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the pharmacological treatment of choice has been the category of drugs known as ___________.

A) benzodiazepines
B) SSRIs
C) tricyclics
D) MAO inhibitors

Question 53

Research suggests that people with GAD worry

A) with images but try to avoid the associated negative affect.
B) without images but try to avoid the associated negative affect.
C) with images to magnify the associated negative affect.
D) without images to magnify the associated negative affect.

Question 54

Agoraphobia, which has come to mean "fear of going out," derives from the Greek word agora, meaning ____________.

A) marketplace
B) home
C) travel
D) safe

Question 55

Which of the following people living in the United States is most likely to develop GAD?

A) Monica, a 50-year-old woman
B) Billy, an 8-year-old boy
C) Sam, a 50-year-old male
D) Tanya, a 15-year-old girl

Question 56

Which of the following is an accurate statement about panic disorder?

A) An individual who suffers through an agoraphobic situation rather than avoiding it entirely is not considered agoraphobic.
B) Most individuals with panic disorder will also avoid internal sensations that produce physiological arousal.
C) Approximately 75% of those with agoraphobia are male.
D) Women are more likely than men to cope with panic disorder by drinking alcohol.

Question 57

Panic attack studies suggest that men

A) simply endure panic attacks better than women.
B) don't experience panic attacks.
C) mask panic attacks with depression.
D) consume alcohol to deal with panic attacks.

Question 58

Panic control treatment

A) was developed by the textbook authors.
B) concentrates on exposing the patients to the cluster of physical sensations that remind them of their panic attacks.
C) involves the therapist to create "mini" attacks in the office.
D) all of the above

Question 59

Research studies have found that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is most common among .

A) adults in early adulthood
B) adolescent girls
C) adults over 45 years of age
D) adolescent boys

Question 60

A teenage girl had recently been having panic attacks while shopping at the mall. She was sitting in her room feeling very depressed. To cheer her up, a friend suggested that they both go to an exercise class. Shortly after the warm-up started, however, she had another panic attack. What is the best explanation for this occurrence?

A) She was angry with the friend for insisting that she go out.
B) The medication that had been prescribed for her was only treating the depression, not the anxiety.
C) The physical sensations experienced during exercise had become an internal cue for panic to occur.
D) The exercise class was an unconditioned stimulus that resulted in a panic attack.

Question 61

The median age of onset for a specific phobia is .

A) 7
B) 15
C) 25
D) 40

Question 62

Which of the following procedures is NOT part of Barlow's panic control treatment (PCT)?

A) Cognitive therapy to modify conscious or unconscious perceptions about the "dangerousness" of feared situations
B) Creation of mini panic attacks in the therapist's office
C) Exercises to elevate the heart rate or spinning to make the patient dizzy
D) Reducing agoraphobic avoidance by exposure to feared situations

Question 63

A psychological disorder in children characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry that something will happen to their parents, which may result in refusal to leave home, is called

A) globus hystericus.
B) school phobia.
C) situational phobia.
D) separation anxiety disorder.

Question 64

When diagnosing separation anxiety disorder in children, clinicians must

A) determine whether the anxiety matches that expected for the child's age.
B) differentiate between separation anxiety and social anxiety disorder.
C) consider the various types of medication that will be therapeutically effective.
D) be wary for the psychotic episodes that often precipitate this condition.

Question 65

The main difference between situational phobia and panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) is

A) people with situational phobia never experience panic attacks outside the context of the phobic situation.
B) people with situational phobia experience panic attacks when confronted with the phobic situation as well as at other times.
C) people with PDA experience panic attacks only in specific situations.
D) people with PDA experience panic attacks only at specific times.

Question 66

The purpose of creating mini panic attacks in panic control treatment therapy is to

A) allow the patient to develop alternative attitudes about the feared situation.
B) convince the patient that panic attacks are not real.
C) force the panic attacks into the unconscious.
D) help patients identify what makes them panic.

Question 67

What is one factor that distinguishes between traditional exposure-based treatments for panic disorder and the more recent panic control treatment (PCT) developed at one of Barlow's clinics?

A) Exposure to the interceptive sensations associated with panic attacks
B) Referral to a psychiatrist for medication monitoring
C) Traditional exposure-based treatments result in a higher rate of cures
D) As part of PCT, the therapist accompanies the patient on "reality testing" activities

Question 68

A major double-blind research study sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health looked at the separate and combined effects of both psychological and drug treatments for patients suffering from panic disorder. Participants were randomized into five different treatment conditions, including all but which of the following?

A) Psychological treatment alone (PCT)
B) Combined drug and psychological treatment
C) Placebo alone
D) Deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 69

A friend stated that when she went to a clinic, she had to spend several 30- to 60-second sessions shaking her head from side to side, spinning in a chair, tensing all her muscles, hyperventilating, or breathing through a narrow straw. She is surprised that you correctly guessed that she is receiving treatment for

A) specific phobia.
B) social phobia.
C) panic disorder.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 70

Is agoraphobic behavior always accompanied by panic attacks?

A) Yes, panic attacks always precede agoraphobic behavior.
B) Yes, but only when the person feels safe.
C) Sometimes panic attacks precede agoraphobic behavior.
D) Never, panic attacks never precede agoraphobic behavior.

Question 71

In the type of specific phobia called "blood-injury-injection," there is an inherited vasovagal response and a tendency to faint due to

A) an increase in blood pressure.
B) a decrease in blood pressure.
C) an increase in body temperature.
D) a decrease in body temperature.

Question 72

A relative of yours who suffers from panic disorder asks you what treatment would have the longest-lasting benefits. Since you have just read about the double-blind NIMH research study evaluating psychological treatments with and without medication, you tell your relative to first try

A) the drug imipramine.
B) psychological treatment along with medication.
C) psychological treatment that includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
D) any available treatment since patients in all treatment conditions achieved the same long-lasting gains.

Question 73

You are told about a child who has shown behavior consistent with "separation anxiety." In order to determine if the child actually has a disorder or whether the behavior is normal, you would first need to know

A) the child's age.
B) whether the child is a boy or a girl.
C) if other family members have anxiety disorders.
D) how long the child has shown this behavior.

Question 74

Your best friend refuses to go out because she is afraid that she will say or do the wrong thing. Social situations make her heart rate accelerate and she tends to avoid shopping malls, public transportation, tunnels, and restaurants. Your friend may be suffering from:

A) migraines
B) panic disorder
C) OCD
D) specific phobia

Question 75

In the general population, as many as of people suffer from social anxiety disorder at some point in their lives.

A) 1.7%
B) 12.1%
C) 31.8%
D) 51%

Question 76

In treating panic disorder, all of the following types of medications are used EXCEPT .

A) SNRIs
B) SSRIs
C) opiates
D) benzodiazepines

Question 77

D-cycloserine is a drug that seems to act to work in the

A) amygdala to diminish anxiety.
B) hippocampus to reduce the memory of anxiety.
C) hypothalamus to produce homeostasis.
D) thalamus to decrease sensory signals of anxiety.

Question 78

All of the following are characteristics common to specific phobias EXCEPT

A) strong and persistent anxiety related to a specific object or situation.
B) significant attempts by the anxious individual to avoid the phobic situation.
C) recognition by the person with the phobia that the anxiety is excessive or unreasonable.
D) decreased arousal of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 79

Manuel had a fear of riding on buses, so his mother had to drive him to school every day. Manuel's phobia is a(n) _________ phobia.

A) situational
B) natural environment
C) blood-injury-injection
D) animal

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT a somatic sensation that accompanies Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia?

A) Stomach ache
B) Heart pounding
C) Excessive sweating
D) All of the above answers are correct