Deck 12: Nervous System and Mental Health

Question 1

What structure that slows the passage or prevents some drugs and disease-causing organisms from entering the CNS?

A) Nerve root
B) Cauda equina
C) Meninges
D) BBB

Answer 1

BBB

Question 2

The condition that denotes difficulty swallowing is

A) aphasia.
B) dysphasia.
C) dysphagia.
D) spasm.

Answer 2

dysphagia.

Question 3

Efferent nerves are also called

A) motor nerves.
B) peripheral nerves.
C) interneurons.
D) sensory nerves.

Answer 3

motor nerves.

Question 4

Afferent nerves are also called

A) motor nerves.
B) peripheral nerves.
C) interneurons.
D) sensory nerves.

Question 5

The term for the skin surface supplied by a single afferent nerve is

A) plexus.
B) cauda equina.
C) dermatome.
D) ganglion.

Question 6

Involuntary contraction of small, local muscles is

A) athetosis.
B) fasciculation.
C) convulsion.
D) tremor.

Question 7

A feeling of prickling, burning, or numbness is

A) aphasia.
B) paresthesia.
C) claudication.
D) fasciculation.

Question 8

The basic unit of the nervous system is the nerve cell, or

A) neuroglia.
B) neuron.
C) Schwann cell.
D) neurotransmitter.

Question 9

Excessive depth or length of sleep is

A) insomnia.
B) dyssomnia.
C) hypersomnia.
D) hyposomnia.

Question 10

The chemicals that travel across the synapse are

A) neurotransmitters.
B) action potentials.
C) CSF.
D) Schwann cells.

Question 11

The nerve cells that connect efferent and afferent nerve cells are

A) motor nerves.
B) peripheral nerves.
C) interneurons.
D) sensory nerves.

Question 12

The valleys of the folds in the cerebrum are

A) gyri.
B) lobes.
C) sulci.
D) meninges.

Question 13

What is the term for a disorder in the manner of walking?

A) Aura
B) Athetosis
C) Abnormal gait
D) Tremors

Question 14

A sensation that precedes an epileptic seizure or the onset of some types of headache is a(n)

A) paresthesia.
B) spasm.
C) aura.
D) vertigo.

Question 15

Loss of memory caused by brain damage or severe emotional trauma is

A) aura.
B) athetosis.
C) fasciculation.
D) amnesia.

Question 16

The covering of the axon is the

A) dendrite.
B) synapse.
C) myelin sheath.
D) terminal fibers.

Question 17

A lack of muscular coordination is

A) ataxia.
B) apraxia.
C) anosmia.
D) vertigo.

Question 18

A form of fainting that results from abrupt emotional stress is

A) vasovagal attack.
B) fasciculation.
C) aura.
D) athetosis.

Question 19

The slender, elongated projection that carries a nerve impulse away from the cell body is a(n)

A) dendrite.
B) synapse.
C) axon.
D) terminal fiber.

Question 20

The ridges of the folds in the cerebrum are

A) gyri.
B) lobes.
C) sulci.
D) meninges.

Question 21

What is a degenerative, fatal disease of the motor neurons in which patients exhibit progressive muscle weakness and atrophy?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) Huntington chorea
D) Parkinson's disease

Question 22

A condition of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain is

A) hydrocephalus.
B) spina bifida.
C) epidural hematoma.
D) subdural hematoma.

Question 23

What inherited disorder manifests in adulthood as a progressive loss of neural control, uncontrollable jerking movements, and dementia?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Bell's palsy
C) Huntington chorea
D) Parkinson's disease

Question 24

What inherited disease occurs mainly in people of Eastern European Jewish origin and is characterized by an enzyme deficiency that results in CNS deterioration?

A) Huntington chorea
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Tay-Sachs disease

Question 25

What is a deep, prolonged unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be aroused-usually the result of a head injury, neurologic disease, acute hydrocephalus, intoxication, or metabolic abnormalities?

A) Cerebral contusion
B) Coma
C) Concussion
D) Syncope

Question 26

Inability to perform purposeful movements or to use objects appropriately is

A) ageusia.
B) agnosia.
C) anosmia.
D) apraxia.

Question 27

Dizziness is

A) abnormal gait.
B) syncope.
C) aura.
D) vertigo.

Question 28

A head injury of sufficient force to bruise the brain is

A) cerebral contusion.
B) coma.
C) concussion.
D) syncope.

Question 29

A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, tissue, or space, caused by a break in the wall of a blood vessel is a(n)

A) aneurysm.
B) TIA.
C) CVA.
D) hematoma.

Question 30

Inability or difficulty with reading and/or writing is

A) agraphia.
B) dyslexia.
C) agnosia.
D) apraxia.

Question 31

An abnormal sense of taste or a bad taste in the mouth is

A) parageusia.
B) paresthesia.
C) ageusia.
D) paraplegia.

Question 32

What is an inability to recognize objects by sight, sound, or with other senses?

A) Ageusia
B) Agnosia
C) Anosmia
D) Dyslexia

Question 33

Inability to perform mathematical calculations is

A) acalculia.
B) dyslexia.
C) agraphia.
D) agnosia.

Question 34

What is a neuromuscular response to abnormal electrical activity within the brain, also called convulsions?

A) Seizures
B) Syncope
C) Spasms
D) Tremors

Question 35

What motor function disorder is a result of permanent, nonprogressive brain defect or lesion caused perinatally?

A) Spina bifida
B) Cerebral palsy
C) Concussion
D) Cerebral contusion

Question 36

The term for fainting is

A) cerebral contusion.
B) coma.
C) concussion.
D) syncope.

Question 37

This term denotes serious head injury characterized by one or more of the following: loss of consciousness, amnesia, seizures, or a change in mental status.

A) Cerebral contusion
B) Coma
C) Concussion
D) Syncope

Question 38

A herniation of the spinal cord and its covering membranes is

A) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
B) meningocele.
C) meningomyelocele.
D) hydrocephalus.

Question 39

A synonym for Lou Gehrig disease is

A) Alzheimer's disease.
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
C) Bell's palsy.
D) MS.

Question 40

What is an autoimmune disorder marked by acute polyneuritis, producing profound myasthenia that may lead to paralysis?

A) Guillain-Barré syndrome
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Bell's palsy
D) Shingles

Question 41

What is a disorder characterized by sudden attacks of sleep?

A) Insomnia
B) Hypersomnia
C) Dyssomnia
D) Narcolepsy

Question 42

Paralysis on the right or left side of the body is

A) hemiplegia.
B) hemiparesis.
C) diplegia.
D) paraplegia.

Question 43

Paralysis of the same body part on both sides of the body is

A) hemiplegia.
B) hemiparesis.
C) diplegia.
D) paraplegia.

Question 44

Muscular weakness or slight paralysis on the left or right side of the body is

A) hemiplegia.
B) hemiparesis.
C) diplegia.
D) paraplegia.

Question 45

Headache of vascular origin is

A) an aura.
B) a migraine.
C) encephalitis.
D) meningitis.

Question 46

What is ischemia of cerebral tissue, with sequelae that may include paralysis, weakness, speech defects, and/or sensory changes that last less than 24 hours?

A) A migraine
B) A transient ischemic attack
C) Epilepsy
D) A cerebrovascular accident

Question 47

An infection or inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord is

A) meningitis.
B) encephalitis.
C) polyneuritis.
D) radiculitis.

Question 48

Inflammation of a specific nerve, causing pain and tenderness along its path through the thigh and leg, is

A) radiculitis.
B) shingles.
C) sciatica.
D) encephalitis.

Question 49

What is an inflammation of the brain, most frequently caused by a virus transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito?

A) Guillain-Barré syndrome
B) Encephalitis
C) Meningitis
D) Polyneuritis

Question 50

A group of disorders characterized by recurrent seizures, sensory disturbances, abnormal behavior, and/or loss of consciousness is

A) epilepsy.
B) convulsions.
C) polyneuritis.
D) Huntington chorea.

Question 51

An abnormal condition characterized by facial grimaces, tics, involuntary arm and shoulder movements, and involuntary vocalizations is

A) epilepsy.
B) narcolepsy.
C) Bell's palsy.
D) Tourette's syndrome.

Question 52

What is ischemia of cerebral tissue, with sequelae that may include paralysis, weakness, speech defects, and/or sensory changes that last more than 24 hours?

A) A migraine
B) A transient ischemic attack
C) Epilepsy
D) A cerebrovascular accident

Question 53

Slight paralysis of the lower limbs and trunk is

A) paraparesis.
B) paraplegia.
C) quadriparesis.
D) quadriplegia.

Question 54

Facial nerve paralysis is

A) narcolepsy.
B) sciatica.
C) Bell's palsy.
D) shingles.

Question 55

A neurodegenerative disease characterized by destruction of the myelin sheaths of the CNS neurons is

A) ALS.
B) AD.
C) MS.
D) PD.

Question 56

An acute infection caused by the virus that causes chickenpox is

A) shingles.
B) sciatica.
C) encephalitis.
D) meningitis.

Question 57

Paralysis of the lower limbs and trunk is

A) hemiplegia.
B) hemiparesis.
C) diplegia.
D) paraplegia.

Question 58

What is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by tremors, fasciculations, a slow shuffling gait, hypokinesia, dysphasia, and dysphagia?

A) ALS
B) AD
C) MS
D) PD

Question 59

Inflammation of many nerves is

A) neuritis.
B) encephalitis.
C) polyneuritis.
D) meningitis.

Question 60

A progressive, neurodegenerative disease in which patients exhibit an impairment of cognitive functioning is

A) Guillain-Barré syndrome.
B) multiple sclerosis.
C) Parkinson's disease.
D) Alzheimer's disease.

Question 61

What assessment of an automatic motor response, elicited by striking a tendon, is useful in diagnosing a stroke?

A) CSF
B) DTR
C) GARS
D) LP

Question 62

A method of pain control effected by the application of electrical impulses to the skin is

A) EEG.
B) TENS.
C) EP.
D) nerve conduction test.

Question 63

A test of peripheral nerve functioning is

A) EEG.
B) TENS.
C) EP.
D) nerve conduction.

Question 64

An electrical response to specific stimuli by the brainstem or cerebral cortex is

A) EEG.
B) TENS.
C) EP.
D) nerve conduction test.

Question 65

A radiograph of the cerebral arteries, including the internal carotids, taken after the injection of a contrast medium is

A) cerebral angiography.
B) a brain scan.
C) echoencephalography.
D) a PET scan.

Question 66

In this procedure, special radionuclides and a sophisticated computerized scanner are used to demonstrate brain functions and assist in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and stroke.

A) Cerebral angiography
B) Brain scan
C) Echoencephalography
D) PET scan

Question 67

A record of the electrical activity of the brain is a(n)

A) EEG.
B) TENS.
C) EP.
D) nerve conduction test.

Question 68

Ultrasound of the brain is

A) cerebral angiography.
B) a brain scan.
C) echoencephalography.
D) a PET scan.

Question 69

Measurement and recording of a number of functions while the patient is asleep is a(n)

A) EEG.
B) multiple sleep latency test.
C) nerve conduction test.
D) polysomnography.

Question 70

What inventory of 16 aspects of how one walks is used to determine abnormalities?

A) CSF
B) DTR
C) GARS
D) LP

Question 71

Dorsiflexion of the great toe when the plantar surface of the sole is stimulated is a

A) Phalen test.
B) Babinski's reflex.
C) Babinski's sign.
D) Wernicke sign.

Question 72

Disorders of the sleep-wake cycle are known as

A) insomnia.
B) hyposomnia.
C) dyssomnia.
D) hypersomnia.

Question 73

Another name for nerve pain is

A) paraparesis.
B) paraplegia.
C) neuralgia.
D) quadriplegia.

Question 74

A radiograph of the spinal canal after the introduction of a radiopaque substance is

A) CXR.
B) myelography.
C) EMG.
D) cerebral arteriography.

Question 75

Slight paralysis of the arms, legs, and trunk is

A) paraparesis.
B) paraplegia.
C) quadriparesis.
D) quadriplegia.

Question 76

Paralysis of the arms, legs, and trunk is

A) paraparesis.
B) paraplegia.
C) quadriparesis.
D) quadriplegia.

Question 77

The loss or diminution of the Achilles tendon reflex, seen in sciatica, is a

A) Phalen test.
B) Babinski's reflex.
C) Babinski's sign.
D) Wernicke sign.

Question 78

Aspiration of CSF for diagnostic purposes is

A) a spinal tap.
B) cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
C) myelography.
D) hydrocephalus.

Question 79

A procedure to aspirate cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbar subarachnoid space is

A) CSF.
B) DTR.
C) GARS.
D) LP.

Question 80

Examination of what fluid from the CNS to detect pathogens and abnormalities is useful in diagnosing hemorrhages, tumors, and various diseases?

A) CSF
B) DTR
C) GARS
D) LP