Deck 44: Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

Question 1

A part of the nervous system that prepares the body for emergencies,that is,"fighting or fleeing," is the __________ branch.

A)parasympathetic
B)sympathetic
C)somatic
D)adaptive

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The actions of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system

A)increase digestion.
B)improve one's chances of surviving an emergency.
C)constrict the pupils of the eyes.
D)calm the body after a person has experienced intense arousal.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Regarding the autonomic nervous system,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The two branches of the autonomic nervous system are active at all times.
B)Whether you are relaxed or aroused at any moment depends on the combined activity of both branches of the autonomic nervous system.
C)The autonomic nervous system connects the brain with internal organs and glands.
D)The two branches of autonomic nervous system consist of the somatic and skeletal nervous systems.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the sympathetic division of the nervous system being activated?

A)Digestion speeds up.
B)Blood flow in the skin is restricted.
C)Pupils dilate.
D)Sugar is released into the bloodstream.

Question 5

The part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for calming and restoring the body and conserving energy is the

A)somatic nervous system.
B)reticular activating system.
C)parasympathetic branch.
D)sympathetic branch.

Question 6

You were rushed to the emergency room an hour ago,and it has been 30 minutes since the doctor stitched up the cut on your hand.Your friend is driving you home;your heart is beginning to slow,your breathing is returning to normal,and you feel relaxed for the first time since you cut your hand.The symptoms you are feeling now were produced by the

A)reticular activating system.
B)sympathetic branch.
C)parasympathetic branch.
D)somatic system.

Question 7

Which nervous system is made up of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches?

A)autonomic
B)somatic
C)central
D)adaptive

Question 8

Which nervous system branch has been activated when sugar is released into the bloodstream for quick energy,the heart beats faster to supply blood to the muscles,digestion is temporarily slowed,and blood flow in the skin is restricted to reduce bleeding?

A)somatic
B)limbic
C)parasympathetic
D)sympathetic

Question 9

Which of the following would NOT be your initial typical autonomic nervous system reaction to a frightening event?

A)sweating
B)inability to urinate
C)sensitivity to loud noises
D)dryness of the throat and mouth

Question 10

During her morning walk,Vicki has encountered a strange dog and fear has enveloped her.Just then the dog's owner appears,pets his dog,and introduces himself and his dog to Vicki.The dog begins to wag its tail,and Vicki even pets the dog as she breathes a sigh of relief.As she begins the rest of her walk,Vicki's heart rate begins to slow down and her formerly sweaty palms are now dry.Her calmer demeanor is due to which nervous system?

A)somatic
B)central
C)sympathetic
D)parasympathetic

Question 11

Which nervous system connects the brain with internal organs and glands?

A)autonomic
B)somatic
C)skeletal
D)ganglion

Question 12

Regarding the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Its effects include muscular relaxation and decreased heart rate.
B)It is also known as the "flight­or­fight" system.
C)It is slower to respond than the parasympathetic branch.
D)It acts to reverse emotional arousal after emergency situations.

Question 13

You have just narrowly missed hitting a car that pulled out in front of you.Your heart is pounding,your throat is dry,your hands are trembling,and you are sweating.Your reactions

A)were caused by the autonomic nervous system.
B)were learned through cultural conditioning.
C)are voluntary,rather than automatic.
D)are characterized by all of these.

Question 14

Regarding the autonomic nervous system,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Your autonomic nervous system would react in much the same way whether you were being chased by a dog or were surprised by a prowler.
B)Whether you are relaxed or aroused at any moment depends on the combined activity of both branches of the autonomic nervous system.
C)The autonomic nervous system controls the voluntary actions and movements of the body.
D)The autonomic nervous system is made up of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

Question 15

Regarding the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Its effects include muscular relaxation and decreased heart rate.
B)It is slower to respond than the sympathetic branch.
C)It acts to reverse emotional arousal after emergency situations.
D)Its effects include a dry mouth,pupil dilation,and a slowing down of the digestion system.

Question 16

Vicki is taking her morning walk when a strange dog appears in her path and begins to growl at her.Vicki's heart begins to race,the hair on her arms stands on end,and her palms begin to sweat as fear envelops her.These symptoms that Vicki is experiencing are due to the reactions of which nervous system?

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)somatic
D)central

Question 17

You have just cut your hand very badly.As you try to stop the blood and your friend is driving you to the emergency room,you feel your heart racing,you are taking in air in rapid gulps,your mouth is dry,and your skin feels cold and clammy.Cutting your hand has activated the

A)reticular nervous system.
B)sympathetic branch.
C)parasympathetic branch.
D)somatic system.

Question 18

Lightning is flashing around you,and you are running down the street for home.Your heart is pounding,your throat is dry,your hands are trembling,and you are sweating.Your reactions

A)were caused by the somatic nervous system.
B)are innate,automatic,and nearly universal.
C)will disappear as quickly as they originally occurred.
D)are characterized by all of these statements.

Question 19

The autonomic nervous system is made up of the branches.

A)central and peripheral
B)somatic and peripheral
C)central and somatic
D)sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the parasympathetic division of the nervous system being activated?

A)digestion increases
B)blood flow increases
C)pupils dilate
D)heart rate slows

Question 21

Regarding lies and the polygraph,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)As many as 25 percent of all wrongful convictions include false confessions as evidence.
B)Although the polygraph is popularly known as a lie detector because the police use it for that purpose,in reality,the polygraph is not a lie detector.
C)The polygraph was invented in 1950 by Joseph Wolpe,who also created the comic book character Batman.
D)The word polygraph means "many writings."

Question 22

After LaTonya arrived on the scene of the fire and saw her friend alive but badly burned,she began to feel very dizzy.One of the paramedics saw that she was about the faint and had her sit down.He explained that her dizziness was caused by

A)an overreaction of the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)the failure of her sympathetic nervous system to properly respond.
C)an underreaction of her somantic nervous system.
D)an overreaction of the somatic nervous system.

Question 23

Regarding the lie detector test,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Errors may occur on the polygraph even when questioning is done properly.
B)Thinking about upsetting thoughts during the irrelevant questions can significantly affect the accuracy of the lie detector.
C)The polygraph may be thrown off by self-inflicted pain,by tranquililzing drugs,or by people who can lie without anxiety.
D)The polygraph test's most common error is to label a guilty person innoncent.

Question 24

Which of the following is a device for recording heart rate,blood pressure,respiration,and galvanic skin response and is commonly called a "lie detector"?

A)biofeedback method
B)polygraph
C)infrared face scan
D)fMRI

Question 25

To minimize the effects of nervousness during testing,skilled polygraph examiners use a series of multiple choice questions in which one of the answers is correct.An innocent examinee should show the same polygraph response to all the answers,while a guilty person will show an elevated response to the correct answer.This multiple choice format used in polygraph testing is known as the test.

A)guilty knowledge
B)denotative meanings
C)comparative guilt
D)critical incidents

Question 26

The polygraph was invented in 1915 by the psychologist who also created the comic book character Wonderwoman.This psychologist was

A)Abraham Maslow.
B)Joseph Wolpe.
C)William Marston.
D)Walter Cannon.

Question 27

Which of the following best describes the relationship of the parasympathetic to the sympathetic nervous system?

A)The parasympathetic system enhances the sympathetic response.
B)The parasympathetic system acts independently of the sympathetic system.
C)The parasympathetic system reverses the responses stimulated by the sympathetic system.
D)The parasympathetic system completely inhibits the sympathetic system.

Question 28

Regarding polygraph testing,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)An innocent person may respond emotionally to the whole procedure.
B)To minimize the effects of anxiety caused by the questioning process,skilled polygraph examiners use the guilty knowledge test.
C)A guilty person is supposed to have an elevated response to the correct answer in the multiple choice series,while an innocent person responds the same to all four responses.
D)The galvanic skin response component of polygraph testing measures the rise in body temperature when a person is lying.

Question 29

Lie detectors measure

A)general emotional arousal.
B)a physically unique "lie response."
C)feelings such as guilt and anger.
D)muscular responses.

Question 30

Barney is taking a polygraph test during which the examiner will assess his general emotional arousal to each of the responses on several multiple choice items regarding the "crime." This series of multiple choice items makes up the
__________ test.

A)connotative guilt
B)critical incidents
C)relevant details
D)guilty knowledge

Question 31

The guilty knowledge test consists of a series of

A)multiple choice questions with one correct response that is used during polygraph testing.
B)creative and non-creative answers to problem-solving questions.
C)questions to assess one's ability to identify other people's emotional expressions,especially as conveyed by their eyes.
D)questions to assess one's ability to differentiate betweeen denotative and connotative meanings.

Question 32

After a strong emotional shock,the parasympathetic system may overreact and

A)raise your blood pressure too much.
B)cause extreme irritability and nervousness.
C)cause a severe migraine headache to occur.
D)lower your blood pressure too much.

Question 33

Regarding polygraph testing,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The National Academy of Sciences has concluded that polygraph tests should not be used to screen employees.
B)Polygraph tests can tell the difference between lying,fear,and anxiety.
C)The polygraph test is much more likely to label an innocent person guilty,rather than a guilty person innocent.
D)Proponents of lie detection claim that the polygraph is 95 percent accurate with proper questioning.

Question 34

When using a polygraph,the galvanic skin response (GSR)is recorded from the hand and measures

A)muscle tension
B)sweating
C)temperature
D)sensitivity to pain

Question 35

During polygraph testing,a change in the electrical resistance of the skin,due to sweating,is referred to as __________ skin response.

A)kinesic
B)somatic
C)galvanic
D)intracellular

Question 36

Lie detectors,or polygraphs,do NOT measure which of the following?

A)galvanic skin response (GSR)
B)blood pressure
C)breathing rate
D)vocal modulation

Question 37

The guilty knowledge test is used during

A)testing for emotional intelligence.
B)polygraph testing.
C)creativity testing.
D)mental health assessments with psychotic clients.

Question 38

Feeling dizzy or fainting at the sight of a traumatic injury occurs as a result of

A)sympathetic underreaction that lowers blood pressure too much.
B)sympathetic underreaction that raises blood pressure too much.
C)parasympathetic overreaction that raises blood pressure too much.
D)parasympathetic overreaction that lowers blood pressure too much.

Question 39

The use of lie detectors to screen job applicants and check the honesty of employees is questionable because

A)it is a serious invasion of privacy.
B)it cannot discriminate between different emotions,such as lying and anxiety.
C)its accuracy is doubtful.
D)all of these occur.

Question 40

A person taking a "lie detector" test may be asked a question,such as "Was the gun that killed Hensley a,a)Colt, b)Smith & Wesson,c)Walther PPK,or d)Luger?" A guilty person should show more reaction on the polygraph to the correct gun,while an innocent person should the same reaction to all four responses.This type of questioning is part of the __________ test.

A)connotative guilt
B)guilty knowledge
C)relevant details
D)critical incidents

Question 41

Which psychiatrist has experimented with the use of brain scans,such as the fMRI to detect lying?

A)Stanley Schachter
B)Richard Lazarus
C)Paul Ekman
D)Daniel Langleben

Question 42

Which of the following receives sensory information very directly and quickly,bypassing the cortex and allowing persons to respond to potential danger before they really know what's happening?

A)somatosensory cortex
B)pons
C)corpus callosum
D)amygdala

Question 43

People who suffer damage to which part of the brain become "blind" to emotion and are unable to feel fear in a life-threatening situation or to relate normally to family and friends?

A)amygdala
B)occipital lobes
C)corpus callosum
D)midbrain

Question 44

You are feeling a great deal of fear,the brain site most likely involved is the

A)midbrain.
B)left hemisphere.
C)right hemisphere.
D)amygdala.

Question 45

An armed robber could hold a gun to your head,and you would not feel fear,if which part of your brain were damaged?

A)amygdala
B)parietal lobes
C)corpus callosum
D)somatosensory cortex

Question 46

Our primitive fear response is not under the control of higher brain centers and is,therefore,a form of __________ processing.

A)experiential
B)reflective
C)inductive
D)convergent

Question 47

If you damaged your amygdala,you could still do which of the following?

A)feel fear
B)relate normally to friends,family,and coworkers
C)name familiar people and objects by sight
D)"read" people's emotional expressions as conveyed by their eyes

Question 48

Regarding polygraph testing,which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)The polygraph test cannot tell the difference between lying,fear,or anxiety.
B)The polygraph test is much more likely to label a guilty person innocent than an innocent person guilty.
C)The polygraph cannot be thrown off by self-inflicted pain or using tranquilizing drugs.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 49

You are being given a polygraph test as a condition of being employed at your company.The best advice would be for you to

A)not worry since polygraphs are 99 percent accurate,regardless of the examiner.
B)think about upsetting past events to render the testing inconclusive.
C)remain calm and then actively challenge the results if the machine wrongly questions your honesty.
D)refuse to take the polygraph and immediately sue the company.

Question 50

Robert is unable to "read" or understand other people's emotional expressions,especially as conveyed by their eyes,which prevents him from relating normally to friends,family,and coworkers.Robert most likely has damage to which part of his brain?

A)reticular formation
B)pons
C)midbrain
D)amygdala

Question 51

Which of the following directly measures brain activity,thus bypassing the traditional approach of measuring indirect signs of emotional arousal?

A)GSR detectors
B)fMRI
C)polygraph
D)the kinesic approach

Question 52

Even if they are basic emotions and processed first in the limbic system,all emotions are eventually sent to the cortex where they give rise to more or less complicated emotional feelings through processing.

A)experiential
B)reflective
C)intuitive
D)automatic

Question 53

Psychiatrist Daniel Langleben theorizes that a liar must inhibit telling the truth in order to lie;therefore,an fMRI brain image of the person's brain would show

A)extra brain areas that have been activated.
B)a decrease of brain activity in the frontal lobes.
C)more right hemisphere activity than left hemisphere activity.
D)a decrease in the activity of the limbic system.

Question 54

In studies involving real crimes,how many innocent persons,on average,were rated guilty by the lie detector?

A)one innocent person in five
B)one innocent person in 20
C)one innocent person in 50
D)one innocent person in 100

Question 55

People who suffer from phobias and disabling anxieties often feel afraid without knowing why due to the functions of the

A)amygdala.
B)left hemisphere.
C)right hemisphere.
D)midbrain.

Question 56

The National Academy of Sciences recently concluded that polygraph tests

A)are 98 percent accurate,regardless of the examiner.
B)are more likely to label the guilty innocent than the reverse.
C)should be used to screen employees.
D)should not be used to screen employees.

Question 57

You can feel very afraid,and yet clearly think you have nothing to be afraid of because

A)fear is first processed in the limbic system,while later processing takes place in the cerebral cortex.
B)fear is first processed in the prefrontal cortex and later processed within the limbic system.
C)fear is a form of reflective processing,while later thought is more experiential.
D)fear is not a basic emotion and is a mixture of surprise and anticipation.

Question 58

Which of the following can be found buried within the temporal lobes on each side of the brain and provides quick processing of emotional stimuli and allows us to react involuntarily to danger?

A)pons
B)amygdala
C)corpus callosum
D)somatosensory cortex

Question 59

You go to a zoo and place your face close to the glass in front of a rattlesnake display.Suddenly,the rattlesnake strikes at your face.Even though you know you are safe,Joseph LeDoux predicts that you will recoil from the snake's attack because of the actions of which part of your brain?

A)amygdala
B)corpus callosum
C)parietal lobes
D)midbrain

Question 60

When used to detect lying,the functional MRI scan measures

A)galvanic skin response.
B)general emotional arousal.
C)the activation of extra brain areas.
D)hemispheric specialization.

Question 61

Although researchers are completely certain that six facial expressions are universal,two other expressions may also be universal,which are

A)contempt and interest.
B)jealousy and confusion.
C)pity and remorse.
D)appreciation and envy.

Question 62

In a recent study that appears to verify Darwin's view of emotions,people were able to detect which type of face faster than any other facial expression?

A)happy
B)sad
C)angry
D)neutral

Question 63

You are feeling sad and depressed.Research into brain activity would indicate that processing is primarily occurring in the

A)midbrain.
B)left hemisphere.
C)right hemisphere.
D)corpus callosum.

Question 64

You are feeling happy and sad at the same time.Research into brain activity would indicate that

A)you are mistaken since you cannot experience two opposite emotions at the same time.
B)your left hemisphere processes the positive emotion of happiness,while your right hemisphere processes the negative emotion of sadness.
C)the negative emotion of sadness is processed by the reticular formation,while the positive emotion of happiness is processed by the amygdala.
D)one emotion happened first but the hippocampus made it appear that the emotions were happening simultaneously.

Question 65

Researchers are completely certain that which of the following facial expressions is recognized by people of all cultures?

A)confusion
B)guilt
C)jealousy
D)surprise

Question 66

Regarding emotional expressions,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Emotional expressions give valuable hints about what other people are likely to do next.
B)Emotional expressions aid survival because they communicate our feelings to others.
C)Charles Darwin observed that all species,including tigers,monkeys,dogs,and humans,bare their teeth in the same way when they are angry.
D)People are able to detect happy,sad,or neutral faces faster than angry and scheming faces.

Question 67

One study found that when people watched their favorite soccer team play well,they showed activity in both hemispheres but when their team was losing,they showed activity only in the part of the brain that processes negative emotions,which is the

A)midbrain.
B)left hemisphere.
C)right hemisphere.
D)reticular formation.

Question 68

In a recent study,people were able to detect which type of faces fastest and why?

A)happy faces because we are more sensitive to positive emotions
B)sad faces because we are more sensitive to distress in others
C)angry and scheming faces because we are sensitive to threats of possible harm
D)neutral faces because ambiguity tends to bother most people

Question 69

Recordings of brain activity show that

A)positive emotions are processed in the right hemisphere of the brain.
B)negative emotions are processed in the left hemisphere of the brain.
C)it is possible to have positive and negative emotions at the same time.
D)none of these statements are true.

Question 70

Masks that are meant to be frightening or threatening are strikingly similar around the world.The ability of people from different cultures to "read" the mask's emotional message suggests that basic emotional expressions

A)have universal biological roots.
B)are learned at an early age.
C)are culturally-derived.
D)are neither lasting nor innate.

Question 71

The most universally recognized facial expression is

A)pursed lips.
B)smiling.
C)sticking out your tongue.
D)raising your eyebrows.

Question 72

Charles Darwin and psychologists consider human emotional expressions

A)an adaptive means of communicating one's feelings to others.
B)to be learned through classical conditioning.
C)outside of the determining forces of evolution.
D)totally unique and different than the expressions exhibited by other species.

Question 73

Which of the following emotions are recognized around the world?

A)fear and anger
B)sadness and happiness
C)disgust
D)all of these

Question 74

You are feeling happy and joyful.Research into brain activity would indicate that processing is primarily occurring in the

A)midbrain.
B)left hemisphere.
C)right hemisphere.
D)corpus callosum.

Question 75

Regarding facial expressions,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A smile is the most universal and easily recognized facial expression of emotion.
B)Children who are born blind do not display basic expressions in the same way sighted people do.
C)The facial expressions that are recognized around the world are the same basic emotions listed by Plutchik.
D)Humans are especially sensitive to threatening faces because these faces warn us of possible harm.

Question 76

When traveling outside of one's homeland where a different language is spoken and the cultural values are much different,one could best communicate his or her happiness to members of different cultures by

A)making the hand signal for "Okay" using the finger and thumb.
B)smiling.
C)nodding one's head.
D)maintaining eye contact.

Question 77

Recordings of brain activity show that

A)positive emotions are processed in the left hemisphere of the brain.
B)negative emotions are processed in the right hemisphere of the brain.
C)it is possible to have positive and negative emotions at the same time.
D)all of these statements are true.

Question 78

Regarding emotions,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The basic emotions are processed first in the limbic system.
B)It is not possible to experience positive and negative emotions at the same time.
C)People who suffer damage to the amygdala become "blind" to emotion.
D)Our primitive fear response is not under the control of higher brain centers and is a form of experiential processing.

Question 79

Regarding facial expressions,which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)The facial expression of sadness is the most universal and easily recognized facial expression of emotion.
B)The facial expressions that are recognized around the world are not the same basic emotions listed by Plutchik.
C)Children who are born blind display basic expressions in the same way as sighted people do.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 80

Your right foot will be more ticklish than your left foot because the part of the brain that controls the right side of the body also processes positive emotions.This part of the brain is the

A)left hemisphere.
B)right hemisphere.
C)cerebellum.
D)reticular formation.