Deck 22: Extension: A - Attention and Consciousness

Question 1

Who said, "Everyone knows what attention is. It is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seems several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought"?

A) Ann Treisman
B) Kolb and Whishaw
C) Roger Sperry
D) William James

Answer 1

William James

Question 2

Moran and Desimone showed that monkey neurons responded selectively to specific stimuli in their visual fields:

A) after reward training.
B) when the stimulus was presented to the right hemifield.
C) when the stimulus was presented to the left hemifield.
D) when the stimulus was green.

Answer 2

after reward training.

Question 3

Work by Corbetta and colleagues suggests that the _____ is activated during attention shift studies, regardless of which visual field contains the stimulus.

A) left parietal cortex
B) left hippocampus
C) right parietal cortex
D) cortical area V4

Answer 3

right parietal cortex

Question 4

In Moran and Desimone's experiment, they found attentional effects in the monkey brain cells in areas:

A) V4.
B) V1.
C) V1 and V4.
D) V4 and TE.

Question 5

Searching for a street sign in order to make a turn is an example of a(n) _____ process.

A) bottom-up
B) top-down
C) conscious
D) unconscious

Question 6

In Treisman's theory, automaticity is most closely associated with the concept of:

A) attention.
B) memory.
C) bottom-up processing.
D) top-down processing.

Question 7

It appears that complex brains need "organizing" processes to help govern behavior. The authors suggest that, in the human brain, the most evolved organizer is:

A) language.
B) consciousness.
C) memory.
D) auditory.

Question 8

Kolb and Whishaw suggest that when we multitask, we recruit additional resources from which brain region?

A) the parietal cortex
B) the prefrontal cortex
C) the hippocampus
D) the occipital lobe

Question 9

Posner and Raichle suggest that _____ provides the "glue" that integrates features into a unitary object.

A) memory
B) the amygdala
C) attention
D) consciousness

Question 10

Posner and Petersen suggest that the "dual executive network" is located in the:

A) left parietal cortex.
B) bilateral temporal cortex.
C) hippocampus.
D) frontal lobes, particularly the anterior cingulate.

Question 11

If a monkey is required to pay attention to the color and form of a stimulus in particular, Corbetta and colleagues found that _____ cortex(ices) is(are) activated.

A) the parietal
B) the occipitotemporal
C) both the parietal and occipitotemporal
D) neither the parietal nor the occipitotemporal

Question 12

The proposal that there are several different feature maps implies that there must be _____ in the visual system of the brain.

A) top-down processing
B) parallel processing
C) stereopsis
D) bottom-up processing

Question 13

In conjunction searches, it is as if a mental spotlight scans from one location to another, searching for a particular combination of sensory information. This is an example of:

A) parallel processing.
B) serial processing.
C) contralateral neglect.
D) remedial processing.

Question 14

Petersen and colleagues propose that the collicular-pulvinar spotlight is part of a _____ process in attention.

A) bottom-up
B) top-down
C) filtering
D) redundancy

Question 15

In Treisman's theory, a stimulus is broken down into separate feature maps after it is initially registered in area:

A) V1.
B) V3.
C) V4.
D) V5.

Question 16

Stimuli that "pop out" in a visual array illustrate the concept of:

A) top-down processing.
B) attention-dependent processing.
C) bottom-up processing.
D) stereotopographic insolence.

Question 17

Moran and Desimone showed that cells showing constraints related to spatial attention were found in:

A) area V1.
B) area T1.
C) area T4.
D) area V3.

Question 18

As the human brain evolved an increased sensory capacity, it also required a mechanism for selective awareness and stimulus response. This mechanism is called:

A) plasticity.
B) memory.
C) attention.
D) change blindness.

Question 19

Taken together, the experiments of Corbetta and colleagues suggest that _____ cortex(ices) is(are) activated during tasks that call for attention to location.

A) the parietal
B) the occipitotemporal
C) both the parietal and occipitotemporal
D) neither the parietal nor the occipitotemporal

Question 20

"Pop out" stimuli are associated with _____ searching by the visual system.

A) feature
B) conjunction
C) top-down
D) memorial

Question 21

Attentional Blink is a phenomenon characterized by the individual failing to detect a second visual stimulus that is presented _____ milliseconds after the first stimulus.

A) 250
B) 500
C) 750
D) 100

Question 22

Frontal lobe neglect differs from parietal lobe neglect, because it is directed only to the region of the perception of _____ space.

A) distant
B) virtual
C) grasping
D) adaptive

Question 23

The neglect syndrome has been associated with deficits in which attention network?

A) ventral orienting network
B) executive attention network
C) dorsal orienting network
D) lateral attention network

Question 24

Simons and Chabris asked subjects to count the number of passes in a video of basketball players. Most subjects were surprised that they had failed to spot:

A) several passes.
B) a gorilla.
C) a cheerleader.
D) Superman.

Question 25

Chronic stress has been shown to alter the structure of the prefrontal cortex in all of the following disorders EXCEPT _____.

A) schizophrenia
B) depression
C) anxiety disorders
D) seizure disorders