Deck 2: Extension: B - Research on the Origins of the Human Brain and Behavior

Question 1

What is meant by the term "encephalization quotient"? How is it calculated? What is the approximate value for humans?

Answer 1

The encephalization quotient (EQ) is a measure of the ratio of brain weight compared with body weight for members of each species. The human EQ is estimated to be Answer: Answer:

Question 2

Use the following to answer questions:
Place each of the milestones in an evolutionary context by matching the event with the appropriate time frame from those alternatives listed.
cave paintings (art) ___

A)30,000 years ago
B)15,000 years ago
C)7000 years ago
D)2 million years ago

Answer 2

30,000 years ago

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions:
Match each term with its definition below.
routinely expressed as a trait ___

A)dominant allele
B)recessive allele
C)codominance
D)X chromosome

Answer 3

dominant allele

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions:
Match each term with its definition below.
contributes to female physical and behavioral characteristics ___

A)dominant allele
B)recessive allele
C)codominance
D)X chromosome

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions:
Place each of the milestones in an evolutionary context by matching the event with the appropriate time frame from those alternatives listed.
reading and writing ___

A)30,000 years ago
B)15,000 years ago
C)7000 years ago
D)2 million years ago

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions:
Place each of the milestones in an evolutionary context by matching the event with the appropriate time frame from those alternatives listed.
agriculture ___

A)30,000 years ago
B)15,000 years ago
C)7000 years ago
D)2 million years ago

Question 7

Place the following in evolutionary order: H. sapiens, H. neanderthalensis, A. africanus, H. habilis, and H. erectus.

Question 8

Place approximate dates of emergence on the following: H. habilis, H. erectus, H. sapiens, cave paintings, agriculture, and reading and writing.

Question 9

Describe how protein mutations can be used as "molecular clocks" to compare the evolution of species.

Question 10

Identify three hypotheses that explain the evolutionary increase in hominid brain size.

Question 11

What are the main differences between H. erectus and Australopithecus?

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions:
Match each hominid with the appropriate alternative from the list.
A.africanus

A)toolmakers
B)appeared in the past 200,000 years
C)larger brain and migrated to Europe and Asia
D)smaller brain but probably used tools

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions:
Place each of the milestones in an evolutionary context by matching the event with the appropriate time frame from those alternatives listed.
toolmakers ___

A)30,000 years ago
B)15,000 years ago
C)7000 years ago
D)2 million years ago

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions:
Match each hominid with the appropriate alternative from the list.
H. habilis ___

A)toolmakers
B)appeared in the past 200,000 years
C)larger brain and migrated to Europe and Asia
D)smaller brain but probably used tools

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions:
Match each hominid with the appropriate alternative from the list.
H. sapiens ___

A)toolmakers
B)appeared in the past 200,000 years
C)larger brain and migrated to Europe and Asia
D)smaller brain but probably used tools

Question 16

Distinguish within species comparisons and between species comparisons as they pertain to studying brain-behavior relationships.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions:
Match each hominid with the appropriate alternative from the list.
H. erectus ___

A)toolmakers
B)appeared in the past 200,000 years
C)larger brain and migrated to Europe and Asia
D)smaller brain but probably used tools

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions:
Match each term with its definition below.
both alleles' traits are expressed completely ___

A)dominant allele
B)recessive allele
C)codominance
D)X chromosome

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions:
Match each term with its definition below.
routinely unexpressed as a trait ___

A)dominant allele
B)recessive allele
C)codominance
D)X chromosome

Question 20

Discuss some of the drawbacks to the idea that a correlation between brain size and intelligence is all one really needs to consider when trying to determine differences in intelligence in different species.

Question 21

Why might IQ tests be considered superficial or narrow measures of intelligence?

Question 22

What are three types of animal studies that have made significant contributions to our understanding of the brain and behavior?

Question 23

Describe the proposed evolutionary relationship between variations in cortical lobe structural developments and the complexity of behavior.

Question 24

How does the field of human neuropsychology benefit from the study of nonhuman animals?

Question 25

Define species - typical behaviors.

Question 26

Distinguish between autosomes and chromosome 23.

Question 27

Distinguish between a genotype and phenotype.

Question 28

Name three genetic engineering techniques, and describe a unique benefit or feature about each.