Deck 18: World Hunger and Malnutrition

Question 1

Which statement best describes the new face of malnutrition globally?

A)the number of underweight and overweight people are comparable.
B)the number of underweight people is substantially higher than the number of overweight people.
C)the number of underweight people is substantially lower than the number of overweight people.
D)the ratio of underweight to overweight people has remained unchanged in the last 50 years.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which statement about malnutrition and infectious disease in children is FALSE?

A)Malnutrition must be severe to have a negative impact on immunity.
B)Undernourished children have depressed immune systems.
C)Vaccines may be ineffective in undernourished children.
D)Undernourished children can die from infectious diseases that would not be life-threatening in well-nourished children.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is a consequence of stunting?

A)Increased productivity in adulthood
B)Catch-up growth later in life
C)Low-birth weight babies delivered by women stunted in childhood
D)Decreased central obesity in adulthood

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the nutrition transition?

A)The adoption of a traditional rural diet that accompanies countries as they become more developed.
B)The adoption of a Western diet that accompanies countries as they become more developed.
C)The adoption of a Western high fat,high sugar diet that accompanies countries as they become less developed
D)The adoption of a Western high fat and high fibre diet that accompanies countries as they become more developed.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT included in the definition of a famine?

A)affects only a small number of people
B)caused by a disaster
C)includes a collapse in the food production system
D)includes a collapse in the food marketing system

Question 6

What are the consequences of low birth weight babies?

A)high infant mortality
B)impaired mental and physical development
C)susceptibility to infectious disease
D)All of the above

Question 7

What condition is associated with the nutrition transition?

A)a decreased life expectancy.
B)an increase in low-birth-weight babies.
C)an increase in heart disease and diabetes.
D)a decreased use of natural resources.

Question 8

"A decreased growth in height in children." What is being described?

A)infant mortality rate.
B)low birth weight.
C)stunting.
D)malnutrition.

Question 9

Which statement correctly describes infant mortality?

A)number of infant deaths during the first 24 hours of life per 100 live births.
B)number of infant deaths during the first 24 hours of life per 1,000 live births.
C)number of infant deaths during the first year of life per 100 live births.
D)number of infant deaths during the first year of life per 1,000 live births.

Question 10

What is the single greatest cause of food insecurity?

A)natural disasters.
B)poverty.
C)lack of education.
D)famine.

Question 11

Which statement about the prevalence of obesity is TRUE?

A)Canada has the highest rate of overweight and obese adults in the world.
B)India must contend with significant levels of both undernutrition and overnutrition.
C)In China,obesity rates are higher in rural areas than urban areas.
D)The population of urban Samoa has the lowest obesity rate in the world.

Question 12

Which statement about malnutrition is FALSE?

A)Malnutrition is only a serious problem for people who are undernourished.
B)Malnutrition causes high levels of sickness and disability.
C)Overweight individuals suffer from malnutrition.
D)Malnutrition shortens life expectancy.

Question 13

Which is NOT a characteristic of the cycle of malnutrition?

A)It begins when a pregnant woman consumes an inadequate diet.
B)It ends after the adolescent growth spurt.
C)It is an inability to meet nutrient needs,but only at some stages of the lifecycle.
D)It affects both the health and productivity of a population.

Question 14

In a population of children,to what does stunting refer?

A)average weight.
B)body mass index (BMI).
C)intelligence quota (IQ).
D)decreased rate of linear growth.

Question 15

Which statement best distinguishes between famine and chronic hunger?

A)Famine causes death and is more therefore more visible than chronic hunger,but chronic hunger affects more people overall.
B)Famines are caused by natural disasters while chronic hunger is linked to man- made factors
C)Famine is more common than chronic hunger.
D)Famine is often linked to mismanagement of natural resources,while chronic hunger is the result of economic mismanagement.

Question 16

Stunting does NOT increase the risk of which of the following?

A)abdominal obesity.
B)fat stored around the hips and thighs.
C)reduced work capacity.
D)low-birth-weight babies in the next generation.

Question 17

What condition increases,as the prevalence of food insecurity in a population increases?

A)access to health care systems.
B)deaths due to cardiac problems.
C)the infant mortality rate.
D)overnutrition.

Question 18

How can the cycle of malnutrition be broken?

A)better health care for children.
B)increasing availability of nutritious foods for adults.
C)providing better nutrition and health care for women during pregnancy.
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 19

Which is used as an indicator of nutritional status of a population's children?

A)maximum life span
B)infant mortality rate
C)incidence of low birth weight
D)stunting

Question 20

Which of the following dietary changes would one NOT expect to see as the average income of a developing country increases?

A)consumption of a wider variety of foods
B)eating fewer processed foods
C)consumption of more animal products
D)consumption of more sources of vitamin A and iron

Question 21

Which statement best describes the growth of the human population?

A)It occurs mostly in the developing world.
B)It is keeping the same pace as the growth in the ability to produce food.
C)It is currently about an additional 8 million people per year.
D)It allows developing countries to catch up economically with the developed world.

Question 22

A child who consumes adequate calories but insufficient amounts of protein is most at risk for developing which condition?

A)beriberi.
B)goiter.
C)kwashiorkor.
D)marasmus.

Question 23

"A sachet of which contains iron or a combination of powdered vitamins and minerals that can be mixed with infant food at 6 months of age." What is being described?

A)A home-based food fortification system
B)A more acceptable alternative to iron-containing drops and syrups
C)A prenatal supplement called Sprinkles
D)An oil-filled capsule,the contents of which are squeezed into the mouth of an infant.

Question 24

Which statement about the impact of raising farm animals is FALSE?

A)It takes large amounts of fossil fuel to obtain 1 kcal of beef protein.
B)Animals raised on small farms consume scraps,crop wastes,and grasses that people cannot eat.
C)Animals raised in agribusiness are so efficiently raised that the impact on the environment is quite small.
D)Worldwide,large amounts of total arable land are used to grow crops to feed animals.

Question 25

Which is NOT a characteristic of modern large-scale farming?

A)increased yields in food production.
B)depleted soil.
C)very little use of energy.
D)contaminated groundwater.

Question 26

The need for vitamin A is increased by which of the following?

A)rapid growth
B)rapid development
C)frequent infections
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 27

What is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide?

A)protein.
B)iodine.
C)iron.
D)thiamin.

Question 28

Which of the following statements regarding raising animals and the environment is FALSE?

A)Having many animals confined together can affect water quality.
B)Feeding grain to livestock is the most efficient way to produce enough kcalories for a population.
C)Cutting down forests to create grazing land is a problem that is linked to global warming.
D)When animals are integrated into farming,animal waste products can provide valuable sources of fuel.

Question 29

Which statement about chronic food shortages is FALSE?

A)Chronic food shortages are unrelated to famine.
B)Chronic food shortages can be the result of cultural or religious practices.
C)Chronic food shortages can be a result of misusing environmental resources.
D)Chronic food shortages can be the result of economic inequities.

Question 30

Currently,which bears the LEAST responsibility for worldwide food shortages?

A)inability of worldwide food producers to keep up with consumption
B)poverty
C)overpopulation in some regions
D)lack of environmental resources

Question 31

Which statement best describes short-term food aid?

A)It brings food into areas where people are starving.
B)It consists of foods well-planned for their nutrient content.
C)It can prevent future famine.
D)It fosters economic development.

Question 32

When this micronutrient is lacking in the soil,goiter among the region's population is common.What is this micronutrient?

A)fluoride
B)iron
C)iodine
D)zinc

Question 33

Deficiency of which nutrient is NOT a world health problem?

A)iodine
B)iron
C)sodium
D)vitamin A

Question 34

Which is NOT a product made from a renewable resource?

A)paper towel
B)gasoline
C)bread
D)a wooden crate

Question 35

Which Ottawa based organization has been active in alleviating hidden hunger?

A)Micronutrient Initiative
B)Food and Agricultural Organization
C)World health organization
D)Canadian Nutrition Society

Question 36

Which of the following statements about organizations dedicated to relieving world hunger is FALSE?

A)The goal of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)is to provide assistance in disasters.
B)CARE helps fight poverty by providing aid to poor communities.
C)UNICEF works to improve the health and lives of children.
D)World Health Organization (WHO)emphasizes prevention of nutritional problems.

Question 37

Which is NOT generally associated with anemia caused by iron deficiency?

A)low-birth-weight infants
B)decreased resistance to infection
C)increased maternal mortality
D)blindness

Question 38

Which is the LEAST likely cause of iron deficiency?

A)limited availability and consumption of red meat.
B)increased physical workloads.
C)parasitic infections.
D)chronic infections.

Question 39

Which statement about renewable resources is FALSE?

A)Renewable resources will always be restored and replaced by natural processes.
B)Renewable resources can be used faster than the ability of natural processes to restore them.
C)Renewable resources can become depleted.
D)Soil and water are renewable resources.

Question 40

Why are micronutrients referred to as global hidden hunger?

A)Because micronutrients are required in very small amounts.
B)Deficiencies of micronutrient are visually less obvious than macronutrient deficiencies.
C)Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are less poorly understood than protein and energy malnutrition.
D)Macronutrient deficiencies are more common than micronutrient deficiencies.

Question 41

Among Canadian families,who are most likely to be food insecure?

A)lower-income households.
B)families with no children.
C)two parent families.
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 42

What would be the elements of a good education program to introduce a vitamin-rich vegetable into a food supply that is deficient in that nutrient?

A)ensuring local farmers have the information needed so they can grow the crop
B)addressing any issues that might prevent the local population from accepting the food
C)providing the local population with methods of preparation of the food consistent with local and traditional practices
D)all of the above

Question 43

What are crops that are grown and consumed locally?

A)sustainable crops.
B)cash crops.
C)subsistence crops.
D)support crops.

Question 44

Foods selected for fortification should have which characteristic?

A)they are centrally processed.
B)they are produced in small local facilities.
C)they are used in small quantities.
D)they are refrigerated.

Question 45

Which of the following statements regarding population control in countries where hunger is a problem is FALSE?

A)When women are better educated,the birthrate decreases.
B)Provision of contraception can be part of an effective part population control program.
C)To be effective,national or regional family planning efforts must take into consideration cultural and religious needs.
D)Families tend to be larger when a country's economy appears secure.

Question 46

"Economic development that guarantees safe and sanitary housing,access to health care and education,and the resources to acquire enough food." What is being described?

A)Poverty elimination programs
B)Some of the UN millennium goals
C)Nutrition transition
D)Food fortification

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT ecological?

A)bringing a canvas tote bag to the grocery store.
B)carrying a thermos of water from home instead of buying it.
C)composting leftover food.
D)eating a mostly meat-based diet.

Question 48

Which of the following statements regarding the Local Food Plus (LFP)is FALSE?

A)They certify food producers who practice sustainable production.
B)They connect farmers with commercial buyers and consumers.
C)They only certify food producers who use no pesticides.
D)Markham,Ontario became the first municipality in Canada to adopt LFP practices

Question 49

Which statement about cash crops is FALSE?

A)Cash crops can provide the revenue to purchase nutritious foods for local people.
B)Cash crops can limit the ability of local people to produce enough food to feed their families.
C)Cash crops are raised for local consumption.
D)Coffee is a cash crop.

Question 50

Which is a term used to describe a system that endeavors to maintain natural resources such as soil and water while producing food products?

A)ecological conservation
B)food self-sufficiency
C)restorative farming
D)sustainable agriculture

Question 51

"The capacity of a country to produce enough food to feed its population." What is being described?

A)food self-sufficiency.
B)food sovereignty.
C)sustainable agriculture.
D)economic viability.

Question 52

How does biotechnology can increase the food production?

A)It creates plants resistant to insects or diseases.
B)It encourages improvements in irrigation.
C)it improves agricultural practices.
D)It hybridizeslocal varieties of crops.

Question 53

In 2003 CCHS reported on food insecurity.In 2013 this survey was repeated.How did food insecurity in Canada change over this time period?

A)it increased
B)it decreased but there were significant regional differences
C)it remained unchanged
D)it increased and there were only minor regional differences

Question 54

Why is emergency food aid often in the form of cash?

A)the shipping of food from other countries is slow
B)agricultural surpluses shipped from other countries do not reflect the local nutrient needs
C)local purchasing of food in neighbouring countries better reflects local food needs
D)both (b)and (c)

Question 55

How are food fortification and supplementation similar?

A)Both result in the addition of nutrients to food
B)Both address aim to increase the intake of nutrient-rich foods
C)Both aim to reduce nutrient deficiencies
D)Both provide nutrients in the form of pills or liquid syrups.

Question 56

Which statement about international trade is FALSE?

A)International trade can help countries provide for their population if they cannot grow enough food in country.
B)International trade causes countries to become more interdependent.
C)International trade is does not change a nation's food supply.
D)An increase in food imports helped decrease the number of hungry people in newly industrialized countries in Asia.

Question 57

Which of the following factors favours population control?

A)the need for children to work farms.
B)high infant mortality rates.
C)economic security.
D)the need for children to provide the primary support for elders.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT considered a sustainable agriculture practice?

A)dedicating fields to a particular crop
B)organic agriculture
C)agroforestry
D)terracing

Question 59

With respect to the UN millennium development goals,it is said that in order to achieve the first goal,most of the remaining goals must also be addressed.What is the first goal?

A)Reduce child mortality
B)Ensure environmental sustainability
C)Improve maternal health
D)Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Question 60

To conserve natural resources,which is the LEAST effective option?

A)Buy fewer individually packaged foods and buy more in bulk.
B)Buy imported foods.
C)Buy products that use minimal packaging.
D)Reduce consumption of animal products.

Question 61

How are overpopulation and undernutrition related?

Question 62

Which population group is likely to experience food insecurity in Canada?

A)people living in Nunavut
B)Aboriginal populations
C)people assisted by the Nutrition North Canada program
D)Both (a)and (b)

Question 63

Which is a consequence of food insecurity?

A)Reduced consumption of fruits,vegetables and milk products.
B)Increased Vitamin A intake
C)Young children,in food insecure homes,at greatest risk of nutritional inadequacy
D)All of the above

Question 64

Which federally funded program targets those women most at risk of having unhealthy babies because of poor health and nutrition?

A)Emergency Food Assistance Program
B)Food Stamp Program
C)State Foodservice Program for Women and Children
D)Canada's Prenatal Nutrition Program

Question 65

How do plant-based and animal-based diets affect the environment differently?

Question 66

Why are there two major types of malnutrition? What occurs when a population is undergoing "nutrition transition"?

Question 67

Which area has the lowest rate of household food insecurity?

A)Ontario
B)Alberta
C)Nova Scotia
D)Québec

Question 68

Explain how malnutrition cycles from one generation to the next.

Question 69

If you were putting together a promotional campaign designed to lessen the effects of overnutrition,who would be your target audience? Which chronic diseases are associated with overnutrition? What are appropriate general recommendations to this group?

Question 70

What causes stunting?

Question 71

Describe the foods that are usually available at food banks?

A)mainly meats.
B)good quality foods.
C)foods dependent on donations from the food industry and public.
D)a variety of choices

Question 72

What is a common strategy employed by families to ensure there is enough food on the table?

A)delaying rent payment
B)not paying utility bills
C)cancelling telephone services
D)all of the above

Question 73

A family in a developing country has adequate food supplies,yet some of the family members suffer the consequences of malnutrition.What factors contribute to this paradox?

Question 74

Why do some older Canadian adults experience food insecurity?

A)economic limitations
B)social isolation
C)medical problems
D)All of the above answers choices are correct.

Question 75

At what points can the "cycle of malnutrition" be broken? Why might there be inadequate food for individuals and populations in several places in this cycle?

Question 76

What is the relationship between family income and food insecurity?

A)the higher the income,the greater the insecurity
B)the higher the income,the lower the insecurity
C)there is no relationship between income and food insecurity;it depends more on where someone lives in Canada
D)there is no relationship between income and food insecurity;it depends on more on someone's access to social assistance programs

Question 77

How does iron deficiency affect people of different life stages?

Question 78

Policies to reduce food insecurity must ultimately deal with which issue?

A)The elimination of poverty
B)Increasing the minimum wage
C)Improvement in the delivery of food to the needy
D)Quality daycare

Question 79

Nutritional deficiencies are recognized as a deterrent to world health.Identify several nutrients that are in short supply globally that contribute to poor health outcomes? Why is it so important to work to eliminate poverty as a long-term goal for the prevention of hunger?

Question 80

How can kwashiorkor be prevented?