Deck 1: Extension: A - The Development of Neuropsychology

Question 1

Although the phrenologists were misguided in many respects, Gall actually did report, more or less accurately, the first case of _____ following left frontal damage.

A) cortical blindness
B) hysterical paralysis
C) loss of the ability to speak
D) personality change

Answer 1

loss of the ability to speak

Question 2

Two individuals developed similar theories of evolution at about the same time. Charles Darwin was one; the other was _____.

A) William Osler
B) Pierre Flourens
C) Pierre Marie
D) Alfred Wallace

Answer 2

Alfred Wallace

Question 3

The cortical area MOST closely associated with speech comprehension is the _____ lobe.

A) temporal
B) frontal
C) occipital
D) parietal

Answer 3

temporal

Question 4

Apraxia is the inability to:

A) learn a new motor skill.
B) produce articulate speech.
C) make sequences of movements.
D) combine sensory stimuli into a coherent perception.

Question 5

Following damage to his frontal lobes, subject L. D. had lasting impairments in:

A) visual perception.
B) attention.
C) motor-skill acquisition.
D) balance.

Question 6

Which of the following supported a cardiac hypothesis of behavior?

A) Plato
B) Galen
C) Aristotle
D) Hippocrates

Question 7

Darwin's principle that all animals' nervous systems evolved from that of a common ancestor predicted that:

A) all living things can in theory be traced back to the same ancient unknown ancestor.
B) over time, nervous systems have come to have increasingly more in common at the neural level.
C) functionally different structures in different species share common ancestral genes and mechanisms.
D) brain-behavior relationships have remained largely unchanged during the course of evolution.

Question 8

Early support for lateralization and localization of function came from postmortem studies of:

A) humans who had recovered function following stroke.
B) decorticate dogs trained on memory tasks.
C) regional differences in cell density.
D) humans with language disorders.

Question 9

Materialism is the philosophical position that all behavior can be explained by the:

A) workings of the physical nervous system and body alone.
B) interaction of the physical brain and nonphysical soul.
C) motivated pursuit of material well-being.
D) flow of cerebrospinal fluid between ventricles and muscles.

Question 10

If a person believes that brain function is only the source of some behaviors, it is accurate to refer to that person as a:

A) mentalist.
B) behaviorist.
C) materialist.
D) dualist.

Question 11

The hypothesis that the ability to speak depends on the left frontal lobe is an example of:

A) antilocalizationism.
B) lateralization of function.
C) mentalism.
D) phrenology.

Question 12

Descartes was an articulate proponent of _____.

A) monism
B) dualism
C) the cardiac hypothesis
D) nonmaterialism

Question 13

With respect to the "mind-brain" problem, followers of Wallace and Darwin would MOST likely consider themselves to be _____.

A) mentalists
B) materialists
C) dualists
D) agnostics

Question 14

The brain and spinal cord together make up the _____ nervous system.

A) autonomic
B) peripheral
C) central
D) somatic

Question 15

Neuropsychology uses information from many disciplines. Which discipline is NOT one of those?

A) ethology
B) pharmacology
C) biophysics
D) mycology

Question 16

Although all of the individuals listed made contributions to our knowledge of the lateralization of language functions in the brain, _____ is generally credited with the MOST important findings.

A) Dax
B) Bouillaud
C) Marie
D) Broca

Question 17

The currently used medical diagnosis "persistent vegetative state" MOST closely reflects the nervous system's:

A) hierarchical organization.
B) conduction aphasia.
C) localization of function.
D) Hebb synapse.

Question 18

The folds or bumps characteristic of the cerebral cortex are called:

A) gyri.
B) sulci.
C) lobes.
D) nuclei.

Question 19

The corpus callosum is the largest of the brain's:

A) subcortical nuclei.
B) commissures.
C) cortical lobes.
D) sensory nerves

Question 20

Communication between cerebral hemispheres occurs via the:

A) somatic nerves.
B) lateral fissure.
C) arcuate fasciculus.
D) corpus callosum.

Question 21

A person who cannot understand how the brain ties together past perceptions and actions in a unified memory is pondering:

A) apraxia.
B) the binding problem.
C) aphasia.
D) the neuron theory.

Question 22

Sherrington's studies of the reflex arc in dogs led him to conclude that:

A) there are gaps between individual communicating neurons.
B) communicating neurons are directly connected with one another.
C) all neural communication is electrical in nature.
D) reflexes are coordinated by the pineal body, even in dogs.

Question 23

The scientific discipline BEST associated with the development of intelligence tests is:

A) neurology.
B) psychosurgery.
C) psychometrics.
D) neuropsychology.
Answer Key

Question 24

The scientist who discovers how a unitary perception is made from multiple streams of sensory information will have solved the:

A) mind-body problem.
B) binding problem.
C) problem of other minds.
D) laterality conundrum.