Deck 3: Values, attitudes, and Their Effects in the Workplace

Question 1

________ refer to preferable ways of behaving.An example of this is being courageous.

A)Instrumental values
B)Ethical values
C)Terminal values
D)Moral standards
E)Cultural values

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Jaime is considered by her employees to be an honest,responsible,and capable boss.These characteristics are known as

A)cultural values.
B)terminal values.
C)instrumental values.
D)ethical values.
E)moral standards.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

________ are desirable end states of existence,while ________ refer to preferable ways of behaving.

A)Terminal values;instrumental values
B)Ethical values;instrumental values
C)Magnificent values;instrumental values
D)Instrumental values;terminal values
E)Humane values;ethical values

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The desire for a comfortable and prosperous life is a ________ value,while being ambitious,hardworking,and aspiring are ________ values.

A)relative;absolute
B)instrumental;ethical
C)terminal;instrumental
D)absolute;moral
E)absolute;relative

Question 5

The GLOBE framework of national culture includes the following dimension:

A)self-actualization.
B)loyalty.
C)honesty.
D)humane orientation.
E)dignity.

Question 6

According to Hofstede,gratification of desires and wants is classified as

A)power distance.
B)risk taking.
C)short-term orientation.
D)indulgence.
E)individualism.

Question 7

Giselle has always accepted the authority of her boss without question,simply because her boss is in charge and therefore should be able to direct her actions.Giselle's outlook relates to the concept of

A)collectivism.
B)uncertainty avoidance.
C)power distance.
D)humane orientation.
E)bureaucracy.

Question 8

The extent to which members of a society accept the fact that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally is called

A)uncertainty avoidance.
B)collectivism.
C)power distance.
D)humane orientation
E)bureaucracy.

Question 9

Values are

A)flexible and adaptable.
B)synonymous with attitudes.
C)consistent among occupational groups.
D)relatively stable and enduring.
E)based solely on perception.

Question 10

Cultures emphasizing ________ would value planning,investing,and delay of gratification.

A)future orientation
B)power distance
C)in-group collectivism
D)performance orientation
E)uncertainty avoidance

Question 11

Hofstede's research on cultural values noted that poorer countries tend to rate higher on

A)short-term orientation.
B)individualism.
C)power distance.
D)femininity.
E)risk taking.

Question 12

In a study involving steelworkers,community activists,and corporate executives,

A)instrumental values were found to be similar among the three groups.
B)terminal values were found to be similar among the three groups.
C)no significant value differences were found among the three groups.
D)very significant value differences were found among the three groups.
E)executives valued courageousness while the other two groups did not.

Question 13

According to the GLOBE findings,the societal values of being generous and kind to others relate to

A)higher value in femininity.
B)being honest.
C)terminal values.
D)humane orientation.
E)future orientation.

Question 14

Tom is a manager who values family security,self-respect,and a sense of accomplishment above all else.These are examples of

A)moral standards.
B)ethical values.
C)instrumental values.
D)terminal values.
E)cultural values.

Question 15

Riley has always been a planner.He has set some very clear goals for his life that he intends to follow as he gets older.These goals are examples of

A)cultural values.
B)ethical values.
C)instrumental values.
D)terminal values.
E)moral standards.

Question 16

Kent Hodgson identified seven general moral principles that individuals should follow when making decisions about behaviour.One of these seven moral principles is

A)humane orientation.
B)the importance of stressing ownership of behaviour.
C)incorporating cultural values into decisions.
D)telling the truth.
E)being self-controlled and disciplined.

Question 17

If given a choice,Li prefers to work in groups rather than by herself.This relates to the concept of

A)power distance.
B)collectivism.
C)uncertainty avoidance.
D)assertiveness.
E)performance orientation.

Question 18

The extent to which a society encourages structured over unstructured situations defines its

A)collectivism.
B)humane orientation.
C)uncertainty avoidance.
D)power distance.
E)future orientation.

Question 19

Using Hofstede's findings,we would expect ________ to have the highest degree of gender differentiation.

A)Japan
B)Russia
C)Netherlands
D)Indonesia
E)France

Question 20

Hayden was always considered to be a very creative person in everything that he did.This is an example of

A)salvation.
B)an instrumental value.
C)self-respect.
D)true friendship.
E)a terminal value.

Question 21

According to the Hofstede's research,________ scored high on the individualism dimension.

A)Colombia
B)Australia
C)Thailand
D)Portugal
E)China

Question 22

Skepticism of authority and preference for team-oriented work are values of

A)Millennials.
B)Elders.
C)Baby Boomers.
D)Generation Y.
E)Generation X

Question 23

A study on francophone and anglophone values suggests that

A)francophone managers favour behaviour that is beneficial to their own interests first.
B)francophones are more individualistic than ever.
C)anglophones are more collectivistic than ever.
D)francophone managers are more achievement oriented.
E)francophones have been shown to take more risks.

Question 24

According to Hofstede's research,societies that score low on _____________ are risk takers.

A)long-term orientation
B)masculinity
C)uncertainty avoidance
D)restraint
E)power distance

Question 25

Guanxi is the connection made when doing business with firms that value

A)self-interests and short-term contracts.
B)reciprocation and a long-term orientation.
C)obligation and guilt as a foundation for doing business.
D)product differentiation as a foundation for doing business.
E)capitalism,the right price,and the right strategy when doing business.

Question 26

Clarence is guided by the values of becoming rich but is also showing a high degree of social responsibility.He is likely a member of

A)Generation X.
B)the Baby Boomers.
C)Generation Y.
D)the Elders.
E)the Millennials.

Question 27

Compared with francophone business people,Canadian anglophone business people have been found to

A)be more aggressive.
B)be more focused on interpersonal aspects of work.
C)consider self-serving behaviour acceptable.
D)value affiliation in the workplace.
E)be more achievement oriented.

Question 28

Colin is curious by nature,and he tends to question issues that come up more than his peers in other age groups.He is likely a member of

A)Generation Y.
B)Generation X.
C)the Baby Boomers.
D)the Elders.
E)Generation Z.

Question 29

Denis Oil and Gas Ltd.is interested in forming a business partnership with Aboriginal peoples to develop oil and gas on First Nations' land.Ground rules for developing business partnerships with Aboriginal peoples include

A)limiting the involvement of community members.
B)modifying management operations to increase the impact on wildlife.
C)recognizing and protecting Aboriginal and treaty rights.
D)leaving to Aboriginal peoples the need to protect all wildlife species.
E)leaving to Aboriginal peoples the need to maintain community access to land and resources.

Question 30

In her study,Lindsay Redpath concluded that Aboriginal cultures

A)are more collectivist than non-Aboriginal cultures in either Canada or the United States.
B)are higher on uncertainty avoidance than non-Aboriginal cultures in either Canada or the United States.
C)are not more likely to reflect and advance the goals of the community.
D)demonstrate a lower sense of family,affiliation,and loyalty within the workplace.
E)support a larger power distance than non-Aboriginal cultures of Canada and the United States.

Question 31

Jon is a middle-level manager at Apex Corporation,which manufactures electronic switches for the telecommunications industry.Jon has been in his position for about three years and has been heard on several accounts expressing the fact that he likes his job.Jon is expressing his

A)attitude about work.
B)values about work.
C)perceptions about work.
D)organizational citizenship behaviour.
E)social values.

Question 32

Gwen is very focused on job satisfaction but at the same time is less willing to make personal sacrifices for the sake of her organization.Gwen is likely a member of

A)the Elders.
B)the Millennials.
C)Generation Y.
D)the Baby Boomers.
E)Generation X.

Question 33

If an employee's attitude is negative toward his or her job,that employee likely does not have

A)organizational commitment.
B)shared values.
C)job satisfaction.
D)job commitment.
E)continuance commitment.

Question 34

Job satisfaction is most often caused by

A)high pay.
B)need for power.
C)interesting work.
D)being creative.
E)no direct cause can be reasonably expressed.

Question 35

Research shows that Baby Boomers,who are one of the age groups of Canadians,

A)value a sense of accomplishment.
B)lack discipline.
C)are flexible.
D)are less willing to make personal sacrifices.
E)value happiness and pleasure.

Question 36

Studies have shown that when individual employee values align with organizational values,

A)there are more positive work attitudes,lower turnover,and greater productivity.
B)there is an overall improvement in attitude,but other improvements are hard to measure.
C)there is a change in attitudes,but there is no difference in turnover.
D)there is a change in attitudes,but there is no improvement in productivity.
E)there is a change in attitudes over the long-term of the company,but not in the short term.

Question 37

The judgment that "supervisors,auditors,and time-motion engineers are all conspiring to make employees work harder for less money" is an example of

A)an attitude.
B)an ethic.
C)a value.
D)a perception.
E)a decision.

Question 38

David seems to be enthusiastic,highly involved,and satisfied with his work.He is exhibiting

A)perceived organizational support.
B)job involvement.
C)employee engagement.
D)organizational commitment.
E)organizational loyalty.

Question 39

Organizational commitment refers to the degree to which

A)employees identify with the organization's purpose.
B)employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals.
C)employers are committed to their employees.
D)employers are committed to maintaining the membership of their employees.
E)employees and employers are both committed to each other.

Question 40

Jennifer is in a highly paid job and her sister Erin is in a union position with good benefits.They each love their work and are each very competent at what they do.They are displaying ________ commitment because of the extrinsic and intrinsic rewards received from their jobs.

A)affective and normative
B)normative and continuance
C)continuance and affective
D)organizational citizenship
E)job satisfaction

Question 41

A recent study concluded that companies that had higher levels of customer satisfaction showed higher levels of

A)continuance commitment.
B)power distance.
C)broad-minded values.
D)employee engagement.
E)equality in the workplace.

Question 42

Carmen can always be counted on to go above and beyond her own duties by helping her co-workers.This is an example of

A)organizational citizenship behaviour.
B)normative commitment.
C)affective commitment.
D)continuance commitment.
E)empathy.

Question 43

SCENARIO 3-1
Employees at Pony Express are dissatisfied with working conditions,salary,and the general attitude of management.Mark,Susan,and Toni are good friends who work at Pony Express,yet each seems to be reacting differently to the problems at work.Mark believes that his manager is a good person and will work things out if Mark just gives him time to do so.Susan has composed a list of concerns along with her suggestion for improving conditions.Toni has decided that she'll just get a new job and get away from the problem.


-Referring to SCENARIO 3-1,Susan is dealing with her dissatisfaction through

A)affective commitment.
B)voice.
C)loyalty.
D)neglect.
E)organizational citizenship behaviour.

Question 44

Mustafa has worked for the same organization for 15 years,and has a very strong emotional attachment to it to the point that he can't see himself working anywhere else.This is an example of

A)leadership commitment.
B)normative commitment.
C)continuance commitment.
D)affective commitment.
E)power distance commitment.

Question 45

When Fred didn't get the promotion he was after,he was disappointed,but he continued to do his job to the best of his ability.This is an example of

A)neglect.
B)loyalty.
C)voice.
D)exit.
E)uncertainty avoidance.

Question 46

Hans,who works for small manufacturing business,has been instrumental in gathering support and leading the union drive at his place of work.According to the "exit-voice-loyalty-neglect" model,Hans' decision and actions to unionize would be an example of

A)exit.
B)voice.
C)disloyalty.
D)neglect.
E)passive action.

Question 47

SCENARIO 3-1
Employees at Pony Express are dissatisfied with working conditions,salary,and the general attitude of management.Mark,Susan,and Toni are good friends who work at Pony Express,yet each seems to be reacting differently to the problems at work.Mark believes that his manager is a good person and will work things out if Mark just gives him time to do so.Susan has composed a list of concerns along with her suggestion for improving conditions.Toni has decided that she'll just get a new job and get away from the problem.


-Referring to SCENARIO 3-1,Toni is dealing with her dissatisfaction through

A)neglect.
B)voice.
C)affective commitment.
D)exit.
E)self-engagement.

Question 48

Natalie has been dissatisfied with her job for many years but has waited for conditions to improve in her workplace,trusting that management would eventually do the right thing and take the steps necessary to correct the numerous problems.According to the "exit-voice-loyalty-neglect" model,Natalie's actions are an example of

A)exit.
B)loyalty.
C)voice.
D)neglect.
E)exemplary value.

Question 49

Maria is dissatisfied with the way that her manager treats her.She has decided to quit her job and find a new position with another firm.She is expressing her dissatisfaction through

A)exit.
B)voice.
C)power distance.
D)neglect.
E)uncertainty avoidance.

Question 50

Kelly is passionate about her work and feels a deep connection with the company that she works for.This illustrates

A)employee engagement.
B)normative engagement.
C)continuance engagement.
D)collectivism.
E)power distance.

Question 51

Henry is dissatisfied with his job but believes his supervisor is a good man who will do the right thing.Henry has decided that if he just waits,conditions will improve.Henry's approach to this problem is termed

A)exit.
B)voice.
C)loyalty.
D)neglect.
E)agreeableness.

Question 52

SCENARIO 3-1
Employees at Pony Express are dissatisfied with working conditions,salary,and the general attitude of management.Mark,Susan,and Toni are good friends who work at Pony Express,yet each seems to be reacting differently to the problems at work.Mark believes that his manager is a good person and will work things out if Mark just gives him time to do so.Susan has composed a list of concerns along with her suggestion for improving conditions.Toni has decided that she'll just get a new job and get away from the problem.


-Referring to SCENARIO 3-1,Mark is dealing with his dissatisfaction through

A)organizational citizenship behaviour.
B)humane orientation.
C)loyalty.
D)affective commitment.
E)voice.

Question 53

Tina really cares about the work she does and strongly identifies with her position and responsibilities.This is an example of

A)organizational citizenship behaviour.
B)core self-evaluation.
C)continuance commitment.
D)affective commitment.
E)job involvement.

Question 54

Steve is unhappy with his job.He takes every possible sick day and sometimes shows up for work late.He is expressing his dissatisfaction by

A)exit.
B)voice and continuance commitment.
C)continuance commitment.
D)neglect.
E)voice and exit.

Question 55

An individual's involvement with,satisfaction with,and enthusiasm for the work he or she does is the concept of

A)normative commitment.
B)loyalty.
C)psychological empowerment.
D)employee engagement.
E)humane orientation.

Question 56

Mark is very bored with his job duties,overall very dissatisfied with his job,and constantly absent from work.Mark's actions are an example of

A)exit.
B)loyalty and voice.
C)loyalty and exit.
D)neglect.
E)exit.

Question 57

A recent study found that in the workplace,________ were more stressed than ________.

A)Baby Boomers;Generation Y
B)women;men
C)men;women
D)managers;employees
E)blue-collar employees;white-collar employees

Question 58

Norma has been with her organization through good times and bad,so when she was offered another job with better pay recently,she passed on it because she feels an obligation to stay since her boss really depends on her.This is known as

A)power distance commitment.
B)normative commitment.
C)affective commitment.
D)continuance commitment.
E)elder commitment.

Question 59

Alex has been dissatisfied with his job for a long time.After 17 years of committed loyalty to the company,waiting for conditions to improve and trusting that management would eventually do the right thing to correct numerous problems,Alex has resigned.According to the "exit-voice-loyalty-neglect" model,Alex's actions are examples of

A)loyalty and exit.
B)neglect and voice.
C)loyalty and neglect.
D)neglect and exit.
E)voice and exit.

Question 60

Ann has been unhappy with her job for quite a while,and,over time,she has increasingly let her job responsibilities slide.This is an example of

A)neglect.
B)exit.
C)uncertainty avoidance.
D)voice.
E)loyalty.

Question 61

Jessica has worked for her company for 17 years,and although she has been offered another position with more pay,she is hesitant to leave her company.Jessica is one of the original employees from when the company started.She has seen the company develop into a successful thriving business from its humble beginnings.Jessica is displaying

A)normative commitment.
B)continuance commitment.
C)affective commitment.
D)competitive commitment.
E)foundational commitment.

Question 62

Several studies confirm that values vary among groups of occupations,such as corporate executives,union members,and community activists.

Question 63

Gender differentiation refers to the extent to which a society maximizes gender role differences.

Question 64

Power distance describes the degree to which people in a country accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.

Question 65

Companies can increase organizational commitment by

A)encouraging organizational citizenship.
B)clarifying power distance rules.
C)recognizing employees for the quality of their individual performance.
D)emphasizing need for loyalty to the organization.
E)clarifying instrumental values expected of all employees.

Question 66

Those who belong to Generation Y were born between 1977 to 1997,are often described as part of the generation at ease with technology,and tend to be team players.

Question 67

Entrepreneurial activity among Canada's Aboriginal peoples has been growing,as has the number of partnerships and alliances between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal businesses.

Question 68

Values tend to be relatively stable and enduring.

Question 69

Dignity of human life,autonomy,loyalty,and fairness are four of the magnificent seven moral principles that Kent Hodgson identified as necessary when making decisions about behaviour.

Question 70

Using findings from Hofstede's research on cultural values,organizations in a society high in uncertainty avoidance are likely to have more formal rules.

Question 71

Hofstede's findings suggest that cultures with low uncertainty avoidance are risk takers.

Question 72

Generally,we expect that an organization's values,like those of an individual,will be reflected in corresponding behaviour and attitudes.

Question 73

Baby Boomers are considered to be looking for job satisfaction.

Question 74

Highly engaged employees have

A)a need for promotions and better pay.
B)passion for their work.
C)different terminal values than the organization.
D)little need for feedback on their performance.
E)a clear view of the power distance in the organization

Question 75

Two of the GLOBE research dimensions of cultural values are power distance and humane orientation.

Question 76

Values change as we develop more life experience.

Question 77

If Shane is a member of Generation Y,you would expect him to believe in discipline and authority.

Question 78

Attitudes are evaluative statements about objects,people,or events.Attitudes in the workplace are important because they

A)show personalities or employees.
B)affect job behaviour.
C)predict differences in employee values.
D)show differences in job experience.
E)determine the need for training.

Question 79

Yolanda has a strong belief in herself and feels that she is a competent individual without being arrogant.This is known as a positive

A)terminal value.
B)core self-evaluation.
C)commitment.
D)citizenship.
E)collectivism.

Question 80

Instrumental values refer to preferable ways of behaving,such as being courageous or helpful.