Deck 10: The Management of Pain and Discomfort

Question 1

Low-cholesterol diets have been linked to

A) reduced risk of coronary heart disease.
B) negative mood.
C) behavior problems.
D) All of these.

Answer 1

All of these.

Question 2

Researchers investigating the effect of aerobic exercise on psychological functioning conclude that

A) exercise appears to have a modest effect on mood and well-being immediately after a workout.
B) whereas immediate improvements in mood and well-being are associated with aerobic exercise, long-term participation in an exercise program has an even stronger effect on mood and mental health.
C) the positive effect of exercise on mood is unrelated to increased self-efficacy.
D) whereas exercise is associated with improved mood, it has no effect on personality variables such as the self-concept and self-esteem.

Answer 2

exercise appears to have a modest effect on mood and well-being immediately after a workout.

Question 3

The health benefits of regular exercise include:

A) increase of maximum oxygen consumption.
B) increase in strength and efficiency of the heart.
C) decrease in obesity.
D) All of these.

Answer 3

All of these.

Question 4

Aerobic exercise involves _______________ activities.

A) low-intensity, long-duration
B) low-intensity, short-duration
C) high-intensity, long-duration
D) high-intensity, short-duration

Question 5

Mary is about turn 50 and does not think she is at risk for breast cancer.What would you suggest?

A) Mary does not need a mammogram.
B) Mary should get a mammogram every year.
C) It is unclear what Mary should do.
D) None of these.

Question 6

A typical exercise prescription is to accumulate _______________ or more minutes of moderate intensity activity on most days of the week and __________ or more minutes of vigorous intensity activity at least three days of the week.

A) 15; 30
B) 20; 15
C) 30; 20
D) 45; 60

Question 7

Self-efficacy with respect to exercise is related to positive effect derived from exercise in that

A) people with high self-efficacy beliefs report more positive mood.
B) positive effect predicts subsequent self-efficacy beliefs.
C) people with low self-efficacy beliefs are less likely to exercise.
D) All of these.

Question 8

Parents are most likely to undertake injury prevention activities if they

A) believe that the recommended steps really will avoid injuries.
B) feel knowledgeable and competent to teach safety skills to their children.
C) have a realistic sense of how much time will actually be involved.
D) All of these.

Question 9

_______________ cancer is the second highest cause of cancerous deaths in Western countries.

A) Breast
B) Testicular
C) Colorectal
D) Skin

Question 10

The average dropout rate reported in studies of adherence to exercise regimens is approximately _______________ by the end of the first six months.

A) 30 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 70 percent
D) 85 percent

Question 11

Which of the following people is LEAST likely to exercise regularly?

A) Joe, a 10-year-old boy
B) Jill, a 15-year-old girl
C) Jack, a 35-year-old man
D) Juana, a 45-year-old woman

Question 12

Breast cancer and colorectal cancer are similar in that

A) the average age of onset is increasing.
B) both are a common cause of death in young adults.
C) the likelihood of survival is high.
D) the likelihood of survival improves with early detection.

Question 13

Poor diet has been linked with

A) colon cancer.
B) total serum cholesterol level.
C) pancreatic cancer.
D) All of these.

Question 14

Since the surgeon general established a set of goals for the health of the American public,the number of people who participate in regular exercise has increased by more than ______________.

A) 30 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 60 percent

Question 15

You are more likely to exercise if:

A) your family is positive about exercise.
B) you perceive yourself as athletic.
C) you believe that people should take responsibility for their health.
D) All of these.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a factor that reduces compliance with mammography recommendations?

A) Early detection of breast cancer through the use of mammography has had little effect on survival rates.
B) Mammograms frequently are not a standard part of older women's medical care.
C) Older women have fragmented medical care.
D) Minority women often do not have a regular source of health care.

Question 17

The most powerful determinant of what a family eats is

A) the husband's food preferences.
B) the wife's food preferences.
C) the children's food preferences.
D) health considerations.

Question 18

Communications to adolescents and young adults about sunscreen use should emphasize

A) short-term health risks.
B) long-term health risks.
C) gains that sunscreen use will bring them.
D) None of these are useful.

Question 19

The single greatest cause of accidental death is

A) motorcycle and automobile accidents.
B) accidental poisoning or falls.
C) occupational accidents.
D) household accidents.

Question 20

Research indicates that exercise may be a useful resource for combating the adverse effects of stress.Your text suggests this may be because exercise

A) appears to suppress the immune system.
B) appears to modulate immune activity during stress.
C) decreases exogenous opioids.
D) always increases cognitive processes.

Question 21

Anorexia nervosa is different from bulimia in that

A) anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder amounting to self-starvation; bulimia is an eating syndrome characterized by cycles of binge eating and purging.
B) bulimia is more commonly observed between the ages of 30 to 45.
C) anorexia is associated with diminished perceptions of control; bulimia is not.
D) anorexia may be associated with certain physiological factors; bulimia is associated with certain psychological factors.

Question 22

A person with a BMI (body mass index)above _______________ is obese.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40

Question 23

Evidence suggests that each individual has an ideal biological weight that is resistant to modification.This ideal biological weight is one's

A) metabolic rate.
B) set point.
C) internal point.
D) cultural ideal.

Question 24

Persons most likely to show increased emotional reactivity to stress and to eat in response to stress are

A) dieters.
B) women.
C) obese people.
D) All of these.

Question 25

Dieting

A) is a slow, but eventually effective, treatment for obesity.
B) produces small, short-term weight losses.
C) has physiological, but not psychological, effects.
D) None of these.

Question 26

The risk of heart disease in obese women is _____ times that of normal weight women.For obese women who smoke the risk increases to ____ times.

A) two; three
B) three; five
C) four; seven
D) five; nine

Question 27

Initial therapy for anorexia is focused on weight gain and usually uses a _______________ approach.

A) family therapy
B) cognitive-behavioral
C) psychodynamic
D) nutritional

Question 28

According to your text,about _______________ is spent each year on commercial weight loss programs.

A) $10 million
B) $30 million
C) $10 billion
D) $30 billion

Question 29

Anorexia has been found to be correlated with

A) body image disturbance.
B) genetic factors.
C) family dynamics.
D) All of these.

Question 30

The most effective technique in work site weight-loss programs is

A) individual instruction.
B) team competition.
C) aerobic programs.
D) interventions tailored to the recipient's stage of change.

Question 31

Evaluations of cognitive-behavioral weight-loss programs conclude that

A) such programs are unlikely to meet most people's needs because 95 percent of all diets fail.
B) such programs produce only modest weight loss and maintenance of weight loss.
C) longer programs that include exercise and relapse prevention are most successful.
D) such programs appear to be more useful for severely obese persons than for mildly obese persons.

Question 32

Mothers of daughters who exhibit eating disorders are

A) often preoccupied with their own weight and eating behaviors.
B) more dissatisfied with their own appearance.
C) less dissatisfied with family functioning.
D) All of these.

Question 33

Overeating in adolescence and adulthood is likely to affect

A) the size of fat cells.
B) the number of fat cells.
C) both the size and number of fat cells.
D) the metabolic rate.

Question 34

Which of the following is important for weight-loss programs?

A) Slow eating.
B) Exercise.
C) Self-monitoring.
D) All of these.

Question 35

,Sally

A) is at a normal weight.
B) is slightly overweight.
C) is at risk for many disorders.
D) has a low risk of dying from cancer.

Question 36

Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that fat in the _______________ is an especially potent risk factor for disease.

A) abdomen
B) hips and buttocks
C) abdomen, hips, and buttocks
D) None of these.

Question 37

People who gain and lose weight in cycles (yo-yo dieters)increase their chances for becoming obese because they

A) develop more poor health habits with each diet cycle.
B) increase their number of fat cells with each diet cycle.
C) decrease their metabolic rate with each diet cycle.
D) decrease their motivation with each diet cycle.

Question 38

Multimodal programs to modify obesity typically include which of the following components?

A) exercise
B) cognitive restructuring
C) social support
D) All of these.

Question 39

Gastric surgery to control extreme obesity

A) has some risk and side effects that are common.
B) is usually reserved for people who are at least 100 percent overweight.
C) has more than doubled in the past five years.
D) All of these.

Question 40

Anorexia nervosa is

A) caused by amenorrhea.
B) characterized by the binge-and-purge syndrome.
C) characterized by reduced interest in food and restricted physical activity.
D) characterized by dieting and exercising that results in weight loss that is significantly below optimal levels.

Question 41

As few as _______________ nights in a row of poor sleep can impair metabolic and hormonal function.

A) six
B) seven
C) eight
D) nine

Question 42

As the text notes,people who are high in self-efficacy are more likely to adhere to exercise and weight-loss regimens.Summarize the research investigating the relationship between self-efficacy,exercise,obesity,and weight loss.

Question 43

Mediterranean diets are healthy because they are heavy in red meat.

Question 44

How does sleep correlate with health and specifically weight loss.Explain and use examples from your text.

Question 45

Bulimia is correlated with

A) stress.
B) amenorrhea.
C) perfectionism.
D) All of these.

Question 46

Most therapies for anorexia utilize ______________,whereas _______________ appears to be the most effective treatment for bulimia.

A) behavioral therapy; medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) medication; behavioral therapy
C) medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy; inpatient treatment
D) medication and inpatient treatment; cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 47

Discuss sun safety practices.Why is this so important and how should you get the message to young people?

Question 48

Low-income women are likely to receive regular mammograms.

Question 49

Girls and women of all ages engage in more exercise than do boys and men.

Question 50

The higher your BMI,the healthier you are.

Question 51

Dieting is a necessary but insufficient condition for producing lasting weight loss.

Question 52

Compared to health education interventions,seat belt use is highest in areas where it is mandated by law.

Question 53

Explain why exercise is so good for you.Include in your answer the physical and psychological outcomes associated with exercise.

Question 54

Sleep apnea

A) is an air pipe blockage that disrupts sleep and can compromise health.
B) causes some people to sleep very soundly.
C) is easy to diagnose.
D) has no effective treatment.

Question 55

Body image distortions have been found to cause anorexia.

Question 56

According to your text,bulimia affects between _______________ of women,although up to _______________ may have episodes.

A) 1 to 3 percent; 10 percent
B) 5 to 10 percent; 15 percent
C) 10 to 15 percent; 25 percent
D) 15 to 20 percent; 40 percent

Question 57

Surgical procedures to treat obesity are available to anyone who desires them.

Question 58

Suppose you are designing a program to be administered through the county health department designed to increase the frequency of mammograms among community residents.Considering the research reviewed in the text,what techniques would be most effective to include in this program and why?

Question 59

People who engage in regular,vigorous exercise may reduce their risk of certain forms of cancer.

Question 60

People who drop out of exercise programs do so within the first three to six months.