Deck 18: Statistical Quality Control

Question 1

Quality control can be undertaken in two distinct ways: after-process control and before-process control.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Measuring product attributes at regular intervals throughout the manufacturing process in an effort to pinpoint problem areas is called in-process quality control.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Two general types of control charts are (1)control charts for manufactured items and (2)control charts for services.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

If no variation occurred between manufactured items,the resulting points on a control chart would form a horizontal line.

Question 5

Control charts are used to examine the output of a process for disturbing patterns or for data points that indicate that the process is out of control.

Question 6

The term Total Quality Management (TQM)was coined by the well-known quality guru,Edward Deming.

Question 7

A scatter diagram is a graphical mechanism for examining the relationship between two variables.

Question 8

Edward Deming is a quality guru whose principles of quality management can be summarized through four basic tenets,or "Absolutes".

Question 9

One definition that captures the spirit of most quality efforts in the business world is that quality results when a product delivers what is stipulated for it in its specifications.

Question 10

The Six Sigma approach essentially calls for the process to approach defect-free status.

Question 11

A c chart used for statistical quality control is a chart that shows the count of defects in the process output.

Question 12

A quality circle is a round-table of top-level quality managers.

Question 13

Inspecting the attributes of a finished product to determine whether the product is acceptable,is in need of rework,or is to be rejected is called after-process quality control.

Question 14

Quality control is the collection of strategies,techniques,and actions taken by an organization to assure itself that it is producing a quality product.

Question 15

A schematic representation of all the activities and interactions that occur in a process is called a flowchart.

Question 16

A Pareto chart is a diagnostic tool that displays possible causes of a quality problem and the interrelationships among the causes.

Question 17

If a process is in control,less than 0.3% of all the points that represent the process output such as the average measurement or the proportion defective should be beyond the upper and lower control limits.

Question 18

Six Sigma is a methodology for quality and does not relate to a measurement value of the process.

Question 19

A control chart is used to control the flow of materials into a process.

Question 20

Two general types of control charts are (1)control charts for measurements and (2)control charts for compliance items.

Question 21

Higher output wattage means higher quality to some consumers of audio amplifiers.Among Garvin's five quality types,this is an example of ______________.

A) user quality
B) transcendent quality
C) product quality
D) manufacturing-based quality
E) value quality

Question 22

Failure Mode Effect Analysis is best described as _________.

A) a quality scheme for building a failure free product or process.
B) a descriptive tool for analyzing measurement data and identifying failures.
C) a new approach to identifying potential failures.
D) a methodology for identifying the potential negative outcomes related to the failure of a specific product or process.
E) an approach to business making which minimizes failures through quality circles

Question 23

According to Garvin,product quality is ____________________.

A) value perceived by the customer
B) an innate excellence of the product
C) not measurable in the product
D) fitness for the consumer's intended use
E) measurable in the product

Question 24

A manufacturer of washing machines promotes lower water usage per load cycle when compared to the average brand.Among Garvin's five quality types,this is an example of ________.

A) user quality
B) transcendent quality
C) product quality
D) manufacturing-based quality
E) value quality

Question 25

A quality circle studying the problem of incorrect prices on purchase orders identified several potential causes: incorrect information from requesting department,out-of-date catalogs from suppliers,defective computer software,and worker practices in the purchasing department. These potential cause-and-effect relationships are best illustrated by a _______________.

A) check list
B) Pareto chart
C) control chart
D) point-and-figure chart
E) Fishbone diagram

Question 26

An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control. The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.45.The sample sizes were 9 each.What would the upper control limit be?
B) 0.6012
C) 0.0828
D) 0.1566
E) 0.7434

Question 27

A company that uses benchmarking as a quality improvement practice will ________.

A) emulate the best practices and techniques used in their industry
B) institutionalize the not-invented-here philosophy
C) not analyze the competition's product
D) rely exclusively on government research for product improvements
E) be in the furniture business

Question 28

A graph that displays computed means for a series of small random samples over a period of time is called a(n)_______.

A) chart
B) R chart
C) p chart
D) c chart
E) S chart

Question 29

An chart is being developed using 15 samples of size 9 each.The average of 15 sample means is 6.20.The average of the 15 ranges is 0.30.The lower control limit is _______________.

A) 6.301
B) 6.267
C) 6.133
D) 6.099
E) 6.312

Question 30

Which of the following statements best describes Design for Six Sigma?

A) A process for designing a quality improvement team.
B) The measure and improve steps of a six sigma initiative.
C) A framework for implementing Deming's 14 points.
D) A root cause analysis using 100% inspection.
E) A quality scheme that emphasizes designing the product or process to perform defect-free.

Question 31

An advantage of a just-in-time inventory system is _________.

A) fewer managerial controls on inventory
B) lower inventory holding costs
C) larger shipment and production lots
D) fewer orders per operational year
E) more inspection and handling of materials

Question 32

According to Garvin,transcendent quality implies that a product __________.

A) conforms to design and engineering specifications
B) has an innate excellence
C) has no measurable attributes
D) is fit for the consumer's intended use
E) has measurable attributes

Question 33

According to the following Pareto chart,the most common complaint was ______.

A) user interface
B) speaker quality
C) camera
D) size
E) all of the above

Question 34

A recognized brand name product means higher quality to many consumers.Among Garvin's five quality types,this is an example of ___________________.

A) user quality
B) transcendent quality
C) product quality
D) manufacturing-based quality
E) value quality

Question 35

A plot of the sample ranges over regular time intervals is called a(n)_______.

A) chart
B) R chart
C) p chart
D) c chart
E) S chart

Question 36

Reengineering is ___________________________.

A) a fine-tuning of the present process
B) downsizing of a company
C) another name for Deming's 14 points
D) the complete redesign of core business processes
E) incremental improvement of a core process

Question 37

According to the following Pareto chart,the Pareto principle would suggest a quality improvement team focus their efforts on which of the following complaints?

A) user interface only
B) user interface and speaker quality
C) user interface, speaker quality and camera
D) speaker quality and camera
E) all of the complaints should be a focus

Question 38

An chart is being developed using 15 samples of size 9 each.The average of 15 sample means is 6.20.The average of the 15 ranges is 0.30.The upper control limit is _______________.

A) 6.301
B) 6.267
C) 6.133
D) 6.099
E) 6.312

Question 39

An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control. The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.45.The sample sizes were 9 each.What would the lower control limit be?
B) 0.6012
C) 0.0828
D) 0.1566
E) 0.7434

Question 40

Upper and lower control limits are usually based upon _______.

A) ± 3 standard deviations
B) ± 2 standard deviations
C) ± 1 standard deviation
D) ± 4 standard deviations
E) ± 6 standard deviations

Question 41

A graph that plots the number of nonconformances per item for multiple samples is called a(n)_______.

A) chart
B) R chart
C) p chart
D) c chart
E) Pareto chart

Question 42

Jake Flanaghan,Vice President for inpatient pharmacy,at Great Atlantic Medical Center,is designing a c chart to monitor the number of inpatient medication errors that occur each month. The total number of medication errors for January - December last year was 37. The upper control limit for Jake's c chart is ___________.

A) 3.08
B) 37
C) 8.35
D) -2.18
E) 0.00

Question 43

A p Chart is to be developed for use in quality control. The value of p is calculated to be 0.05.The sample size is 50.What would the upper control limit be?

A) 0.142
B) -0.042
C) 0.408
D) 0.092
E) 0.642

Question 44

Ophelia O'Brien,VP of Consumer Credit of American First Banks (AFB),is designing a p chart to monitor the default rate on personal loans at the AFB member banks. Her data includes the proportion in default for 30 samples of personal loans.Each sample contains 50 loans,and the average of the 30 proportions is 0.05.The upper control limit for Ophelia's p chart is _____________.

A) 0.0925
B) 0.0500
C) 0.0308
D) 0.1825
E) 0.1425

Question 45

An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control.The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.60.This was based on several samples of size 7 each.What would the upper control limit be?

A) 1.514
B) 1.924
C) 4.200
D) 0.600
E) 1.154

Question 46

An R Chart is to be developed for use in quality control. The average of the ranges is calculated to be 0.60.This was based on several samples of size 7 each.What would the lower control limit be?

A) 0.046
B) 0.000
C) 1.154
D) 4.200
E) 0.004

Question 47

Sarah Soliz,Director of Quality Programs,is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length,and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches,and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch.The upper control limit for her R chart is ____.

A) 0.150
B) 10.57
C) 0.317
D) 2.114
E) 0.713

Question 48

A p Chart is to be developed for use in quality control. The value of p is calculated to be 0.54.The sample size is 249.What would the upper control limit be?

A) 0.5941
B) 0.6348
C) 0.4452
D) 0.5460
E) 0.5340

Question 49

Sarah Soliz,Director of Quality Programs,is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length,and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches,and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch.The upper control limit for her chart is ________.

A) 112.09
B) 5.087
C) 26.087
D) 115.90
E) 110.09

Question 50

Ophelia O'Brien,VP of Consumer Credit of American First Banks (AFB),is designing a p chart to monitor the default rate on personal loans at the AFB member banks. Her data includes the proportion in default for 30 samples of personal loans.Each sample contains 50 loans,and the average of the 30 proportions is 0.05.The lower control limit for Ophelia's p chart is _____________.

A) 0.0000
B) 0.0204
C) 0.0308
D) 0.0149
E) -1.0000

Question 51

Nels Neugent,Purchasing Manager at Mid-West Medical Center,is designing a p chart to monitor the proportion of defective purchase orders issued at Mid-West. He has the proportions defective for 22 samples of purchase orders. Each sample contains 150 purchase orders,and the average proportion defective is 0.08. The lower control limit for Nels's p chart is ___________.

A) 0.0447
B) 0.0283
C) 0.0135
D) 0.0000
E) 0.5090

Question 52

Sarah Soliz,Director of Quality Programs,is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length,and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches,and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch.The centerline for her chart is _________.

A) 5
B) 26
C) 0.15
D) 11.2
E) 112

Question 53

Nels Neugent,Purchasing Manager at Mid-West Medical Center,is designing a p chart to monitor the proportion of defective purchase orders issued at Mid-West.He has the proportions defective for 22 samples of purchase orders.Each sample contains 150 purchase orders,and the average proportion defective is 0.08. The centerline for Nels's p chart is ___________.

A) 0.08
B) 75
C) 22
D) 1.76
E) 0.008

Question 54

Sarah Soliz,Director of Quality Programs,is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length,and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches,and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch.The lower control limit for her chart is ____.

A) 25.913
B) 4.913
C) 111.91
D) 108.10
E) 112.84

Question 55

Sarah Soliz,Director of Quality Programs,is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length,and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches,and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch.The lower control limit for her R chart is ____.

A) 0.150
B) 0.000
C) 0.317
D) 2.114
E) 1.000

Question 56

Sarah Soliz,Director of Quality Programs,is designing and R charts for the rod shearing process at Stockton Steel.She has 26 samples of rod length,and each sample included measurements of 5 rods.The mean of the 26 sample means is 112 inches,and mean of the 26 ranges is 0.15 inch.The centerline for her R chart is ____.

A) 0.15
B) 26
C) 5
D) 112
E) 15

Question 57

Nels Neugent,Purchasing Manager at Mid-West Medical Center,is designing a p chart to monitor the proportion of defective purchase orders issued at Mid-West. He has the proportions defective for 22 samples of purchase orders. Each sample contains 150 purchase orders,and the average proportion defective is 0.08. The upper control limit for Nels's p chart is ___________.

A) 0.1736
B) 0.1465
C) 0.1312
D) 0.0940
E) 0.1845

Question 58

Jake Flanaghan,Vice President for inpatient pharmacy,at Great Atlantic Medical Center,is designing a c chart to monitor the number of inpatient medication errors that occur each month. The total number of medication errors for January - December last year was 37. The centerline for Jake's c chart is ___________.

A) 3.08
B) 37
C) 8.35
D) -2.18
E) 0.00

Question 59

Ophelia O'Brien,VP of Consumer Credit of American First Banks (AFB),is designing a p chart to monitor the default rate on personal loans at the AFB member banks. Her data includes the proportion in default for 30 samples of personal loans.Each sample contains 50 loans,and the average of the 30 proportions is 0.05.The centerline for Ophelia's p chart is _____________.

A) 30
B) 0.50
C) 50
D) 1.5
E) 0.05

Question 60

A graph that plots the proportions of items in noncompliance for multiple samples is called a(n)_______.

A) chart
B) R chart
C) p chart
D) c chart
E) Pareto chart

Question 61

Which of the following quality control chart conditions is an indicator that the process is,potentially,out-of-control?

A) several consecutive data points between the UCL and the LCL
B) a data point above the LCL
C) a data point below the UCL
D) an upward trend of nine data points
E) a data point in the outer 1/3 region

Question 62

You are conducting a study on the blood glucose levels of 9 patients who are on strict diets and exercise routines.To monitor the mean and range of the blood glucose levels of your patients,you take a blood glucose reading every day for each patient for 20 days.The results are shown below. The centerline for your chart is _________.

A) 112.70
B) 106.7
C) 101.035
D) 100
E) 110

Question 63

Reengineering ______.

A) calls for continuous improvement
B) aims to improve quality considering the present limitations or constraints of the company
C) involves the suboptimization of functional units with the goal to optimize the productive process as a whole
D) involves determining what the company would be like if it could start from scratch
E) involves exclusively a top-down approach

Question 64

You are conducting a study on the blood glucose levels of 9 patients who are on strict diets and exercise routines.To monitor the mean and range of the blood glucose levels of your patients,you take a blood glucose reading every day for each patient for 20 days.The results are shown below. The upper control limit for your chart is ________.

A) 112.70
B) 116.18
C) 130.32
D) 145
E) 121.3

Question 65

Which of the following wastes lean manufacturing doesn't focus on?

A) transportation
B) inventory
C) excessive training
D) overproduction
E) processing

Question 66

Which of the following quality control chart conditions is an indicator that the process is potentially out-of-control?

A) several consecutive data points between the UCL and the LCL
B) a data point below the LCL
C) a data point below the UCL
D) a data point in the outer 1/3 region
E) a data point on the center line

Question 67

Which of the following is not true or accurate about Poka-Yoke?

A) It's always prevention-based
B) Assumes that causes of defects lie in worker errors
C) It's used in continuous improvement
D) It means "mistake proofing"
E) It was developed by a Japanese industrial engineer

Question 68

Which of the following is not one of Deming's 14 points?

A) Break down barriers between staff areas
B) Adjust numerical quotas
C) Institute training
D) Eliminate slogans
E) Institute leadership

Question 69

A flowchart does not include ______.

A) decision points
B) time required for each activity
C) start point
D) a flowline
E) activities

Question 70

You are conducting a study on the blood glucose levels of 9 patients who are on strict diets and exercise routines.To monitor the mean and range of the blood glucose levels of your patients,you take a blood glucose reading every day for each patient for 20 days.The results are shown below. The lower control limit for your chart is ________.

A) 89.44
B) 92.11
C) 73
D) 71.75
E) 60.5

Question 71

Jack Joyner,Director of Quality Control at Covington Castings (CC),is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per aluminum casting produced at CC. The total number of nonconformances for 26 castings is 91.The lower control limit for Jack's c chart is ___________.

A) 1.37
B) -2.11
C) 3.50
D) -1.00
E) 0.00

Question 72

Jack Joyner,Director of Quality Control at Covington Castings (CC),is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per aluminum casting produced at CC. The total number of nonconformances for 26 castings is 91.The upper control limit for Jack's c chart is ___________.

A) 9.11
B) 13.40
C) 3.50
D) 7.61
E) 1.00

Question 73

You are conducting a study on the blood glucose levels of 9 patients who are on strict diets and exercise routines.To monitor the mean and range of the blood glucose levels of your patients,you take a blood glucose reading every day for each patient for 20 days.The results are shown below.The mean of the 9 sample means is 101.03,and the mean of the 9 ranges is 86.9.The results are shown below. From the chart we conclude that________.

A) the glucose level is not in control for the nine patients on the diet and exercise program.
B) the glucose level means over the 20-day period fall within the control limits for the nine patients on the diet and exercise program.
C) exactly one mean is out of the control limits
D) some of the patients are not on a strict diet and exercise routine.
E) exactly two patients are out of the control limits

Question 74

You are conducting a study on the blood glucose levels of 9 patients who are on strict diets and exercise routines.To monitor the mean and range of the blood glucose levels of your patients,you take a blood glucose reading every day for each patient for 20 days.The mean of the 9 sample means is 101.03,and the mean of the 9 standard deviations is 29.243.The lower control limit for your chart is ________.

A) 70.85
B) 92.11
C) 73
D) 71.75
E) 60.5

Question 75

.Jake Flanaghan,Vice President for inpatient pharmacy,at Great Atlantic Medical Center,is designing a c chart to monitor the number of inpatient medication errors that occur each month. The total number of medication errors for January - December last year was 37. The lower control limit for Jake's c chart is ___________.

A) 3.08
B) 37
C) 8.35
D) -2.18
E) 0.00

Question 76

A fishbone diagram is a ______.

A) quantitative tallying of the numbers and types of defects
B) schematic representation of all the activities and interactions that occur in a process
C) cause-and-effect diagram
D) graphical method for evaluating whether a process is or is not in a state of statistical control
E) type of checklist

Question 77

Which of the following quality control chart conditions is an indicator that the process is potentially out-of-control?

A) several consecutive data points between the UCL and the LCL
B) a data point above the LCL
C) a data point above the UCL
D) a data point in the outer 1/3 region
E) a data point on the center line

Question 78

Jack Joyner,Director of Quality Control at Covington Castings (CC),is designing a c chart to monitor the number of nonconformances per aluminum casting produced at CC. The total number of nonconformances for 26 castings is 91. The centerline for Jack's c chart is ___________.

A) 117.00
B) 0.2857
C) 3.50
D) 65.00
E) 26.00

Question 79

Six sigma ______.

A) calls for continuous improvement
B) only applies to the manufacturing industries
C) involves determining what the company would be like if it could start from scratch
D) involves long-term quality-improvement projects
E) is aimed at achieving defect-free processes

Question 80

Six sigma ______.

A) requires that ±3σ (a total width of 6σ) of the product be within specification
B) requires that 99.5% of the product be within specification
C) contains a formalized problem-solving approach called Bayesian approach
D) contains a formalized problem-solving called the DMAIC process
E) involves training only production upper- and middle-level managers