Deck 1: Introduction to Statistics

Question 1

A descriptive measure of the population is called a parameter.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A census is the process of gathering data on all the entities in the population.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A portion or subset of the entities under study is called the statistic.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The lowest level of data measurement is the ratio level.

Question 5

Virtually all areas of business use statistics in decision making.

Question 6

Variables and measurement data are interchangeable terms.

Question 7

Statistics can be used to predict the business future.

Question 8

The manner in which numerical data can be analyzed statistically depends on the level of data measurement represented by numbers being analyzed.

Question 9

Calculation of population parameters is usually either impossible or excessively time consuming and costly.

Question 10

A list of final grades in an introductory class in business is an example of statistics

Question 11

Statistics are used to market vitamins.

Question 12

All numerical data must be analyzed statistically in the same way because all of them are represented by numbers.

Question 13

Statistics is commonly divided into two branches called descriptive statistics and summary statistics.

Question 14

The complete collection of all entities under study is called the sample.

Question 15

A descriptive measure of the sample is called a statistic.

Question 16

The basis for inferential statistics is the ability to make decisions about population parameters without having to complete a census of the population.

Question 17

Measurements occur when a standard process is used to assign numbers to attributes or characteristics of a variable.

Question 18

A variable is a numerical description of each of the possible outcomes of an experiment.

Question 19

Gathering data from a sample to reach conclusions about the population from which the sample was drawn is called descriptive statistics.

Question 20

The highest level of data measurement is the ratio level.

Question 21

Nominal and ordinal data are sometimes referred to as qualitative data.

Question 22

Nominal and ordinal data are sometimes referred to as quantitative data.

Question 23

Sue Taylor,Director of Global Industrial Sales,is concerned by a deteriorating sales trend. Specifically,the number of customers is stable at 1,500,but they are purchasing less each year.
She orders her staff to search for causes of the downward trend by selecting a focus group of 40 industrial customers.Sue is ordering a __________.

A) statistic from the industrial customers
B) census of the industrial customers
C) sample of the industrial customers
D) sorting of the industrial customers
E) parameter of the industrial customers

Question 24

Miguel Hernandez,Senior Vice President of Human Resources at Memorial Hospital is exploring the usage of nursing overtime in the emergency department during the last operating year.Staffing records and emergency department visits for all 360 days between the period of January 1,2012,and December 31,2012,are selected for analysis. Miguel's dataset can best be classified as a

A) statistic
B) census
C) sample
D) sorting
E) parameter

Question 25

Numbers which are used to rank-order the performance of workers represent data measured at the interval level.

Question 26

Interval- and Ratio-level data are sometimes referred to as quantitative data.

Question 27

Sue Taylor,Director of Global Industrial Sales,is concerned by a deteriorating sales trend. Specifically,the number of industrial customers is stable at 1,500,but they are purchasing less each year.She orders her staff to search for causes of the downward trend by surveying all 1,500 industrial customers.For this study,the set of 1,500 industrial customers is ______________.

A) a parameter
B) a sample
C) the population
D) a statistic
E) the frame

Question 28

On discovering an improperly adjusted drill press,Jack Joyner,Director of Quality Control,ordered a 100% inspection of all castings drilled during the evening shift. Jack is ordering a ___________________.

A) statistic from the castings
B) census of the castings
C) sample of the castings
D) sorting of the castings
E) parameter of the castings

Question 29

Pinky Bauer,Chief Financial Officer of Harrison Haulers,Inc.,suspects irregularities in the payroll system,and orders an inspection of "every tenth payroll voucher issued since January 1,2013." Pinky is ordering a __________________.

A) statistic from the payroll vouchers
B) census of the payroll vouchers
C) sample of the payroll vouchers
D) sorting of the payroll vouchers
E) parameter of the payroll vouchers

Question 30

Which of the following statements about business statistics is not true?

A) Virtually every area of business uses statistics in decision making.
B) Presenting business statistics always requires the use of a specific graph called a bar chart.
C) There is a wide variety of uses and applications of statistics in business.
D) Business statistics can be used to forecast future values and predict trends.

Question 31

When a person collects information from the entire population,this is called a _______.

A) parameter
B) sample
C) population
D) census
E) statistic

Question 32

Sue Taylor,Director of Global Industrial Sales,is concerned by a deteriorating sales trend. Specifically,the number of customers is stable at 1,500,but they are purchasing less each year.
She orders her staff to search for causes of the downward trend by surveying all 1,500 industrial customers.Sue is ordering a __________.

A) statistic from the industrial customers
B) census of the industrial customers
C) sample of the industrial customers
D) sorting of the industrial customers
E) parameter of the industrial customers

Question 33

Pinky Bauer,Chief Financial Officer of Harrison Haulers,Inc.,suspects irregularities in the payroll system,and orders an inspection of "each and every payroll voucher issued since January 1,2013." Pinky is ordering a __________________.

A) statistic from the payroll vouchers
B) census of the payroll vouchers
C) sample of the payroll vouchers
D) sorting of the payroll vouchers
E) parameter of the payroll vouchers

Question 34

Rebecca Sear,Marketing Director of a regional restaurant chain,is directing a study to identify and assess the in-dining experience of the customers at one of the restaurants.She directs her staff to design a web-based market survey for distribution to all of the restaurant's 1265 customers who enjoyed a meal during the past 6 months.For this study,the set of 1265 customers is ________________.

A) a parameter
B) a sample
C) the population
D) a statistic
E) the frame

Question 35

Rebecca Sear,Marketing Director of a regional restaurant chain,is directing a study to identify and assess the in-dining experience of the customers at one of the restaurants.She directs her staff to design a web-based market survey for distribution to all of the restaurant's 100 customers who enjoyed a meal during the past 6 months.For this study,the set of 100 customers is ________________.

A) a parameter
B) a sample
C) the population
D) a statistic
E) the frame

Question 36

Miguel Hernandez,Senior Vice President of Human Resources at Memorial Hospital is exploring the usage of nursing overtime in the emergency department during the last operating year.Staffing records and emergency department visits for 20 days between the period of January 1,2012,and December 31,2012,are selected for analysis. For this study,the group of 20 days is a __________.

A) parameter
B) sample
C) population
D) statistic
E) frame

Question 37

Numbers which are used only to classify or categorize the observations represent data measured at the nominal level.

Question 38

With interval-level data,the zero point is a matter of convention and does not mean the absence of the phenomenon under observation.

Question 39

Miguel Hernandez,Senior Vice President of Human Resources at Memorial Hospital,is exploring the usage of nursing over-time hours in the emergency department during the last operating year (January 1,2012,through December 31,2012).Miguel intends to survey the emergency department nurses regarding their perception of over-time needs.For this survey y the set of all emergency department nurses who worked at Memorial Hospital during the last operating year is _________.

A) a parameter
B) a sample
C) the population
D) a statistic
E) the frame

Question 40

Sue Taylor,Director of Global Industrial Sales,is concerned by a deteriorating sales trend. Specifically,the number of industrial customers is stable at 1,500,but they are purchasing less each year.She orders her staff to search for causes of the downward trend by selecting a focus group of 40 industrial customers.For this study,the set of 40 industrial customers is ________.

A) a parameter
B) a sample
C) the population
D) a statistic
E) the frame

Question 41

A local manufacturing plant randomly selected 200 items from a production run and 9 of them are defective.The proportion of defective items in this sample is a ________.

A) parameter
B) sample
C) population
D) statistic
E) frame

Question 42

A student makes an 82 on the first test in a statistics course.From this,she estimates that her average at the end of the semester (after other tests)will be about 82. This is an example of _______.

A) descriptive statistics
B) inferential statistics
C) population derivation
D) sample persuasion
E) relative level data

Question 43

Jessica Salas,president of Salas Products,is reviewing the warranty policy for her company's new model of automobile batteries. Life tests performed on a sample of 100 batteries indicated an average life of seven years under normal usage.Jessica recommended a six-year warranty period for the new model.This is an example of _____________.

A) descriptive statistics
B) executive forecasting
C) population derivation
D) sample persuasion
E) inferential statistics

Question 44

The Magnolia Swimming Pool Company wants to determine the average number of years it takes before a major repair is required on one of the pools that the company constructs. The president of the company asks Rick Johnson,a company accountant,to randomly contact fifty families that built Magnolia pools in the past ten years and determine how long it was in each case until a major repair. The information will then be used to estimate the average number of years until a major repair for all pools sold by Magnolia. The average based on the data gathered from the fifty families can best be described as a _______.

A) parameter
B) sample
C) population
D) statistic
E) frame

Question 45

A researcher wants to know what the average variation is in altimeters of small,privately owned airplanes.The task of determining this is expensive and time consuming,if even possible,given the large number of such airplanes. The researcher decides to use government records to randomly locate the owners of ten such planes and then get permission to test the altimeters.When the researcher is done,he will use the data gathered from the group of ten to reach conclusions about all small,privately owned airplanes.This process can best be described as _______.

A) data statistics
B) research statistics
C) descriptive statistics
D) inferential statistics
E) nonparametric statistics

Question 46

A researcher wants to know what the average variation is in altimeters of small,privately owned airplanes.The task of determining this is expensive and time consuming,if even possible,given the large number of such airplanes. The researcher decides to use government records to randomly locate the owners of ten such planes and then get permission to test the altimeters.When the researcher is done,he will use the data gathered from the group of ten to reach conclusions about all small,privately owned airplanes.The average variation computed using the data gathered on the group of ten airplanes is best described as a _______.

A) measurement
B) data
C) statistic
D) parameter.
E) census

Question 47

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Business researchers rarely give attention to collecting meaningful data.
B) Variables are data that can be directly used for decision making.
C) Valid data are the lifeblood of business statistics.
D) Measurements never need to be defined by the business researcher.
E) Business statistics are extremely complex and hard to use for decision making.

Question 48

The Chamber of Commerce wants to assess its membership's opinions of the North American Free Trade Agreement. One-hundred of the 2,000 members are randomly selected and contacted by telephone.Seventy-five reported an overall favorable opinion,and twenty-five reported an overall unfavorable opinion. The proportion,0.75,is a ___________.

A) parameter
B) statistic
C) population
D) sample
E) frame

Question 49

What proportion of San Diego's registered voters favor trade restrictions with China? In an effort to determine this,a research team calls every registered voter in San Diego and contacts them.The proportion determined from the data gathered is a _______.

A) parameter
B) sample
C) population
D) statistic
E) frame

Question 50

A new sales person is paid a commission on each sale. This person made $2,000 his first month on the job. From this he concludes that he will make $24,000 during his first year. This is an example of _______.

A) inferential statistics
B) nominal data
C) descriptive statistics
D) deferential statistics
E) nonparametric statistics

Question 51

Using data from a group to generalize to a larger group involves the use of _______.

A) descriptive statistics
B) inferential statistics
C) population derivation
D) sample persuasion
E) relative level data

Question 52

Which of the following is not a random variable when flipping a coin?

A) Assigning 1 when Tail and 0 when Head
B) Assigning 0 when Head and 1 when Tail
C) The list of outcomes Head and Tail
D) The number of Heads
E) Assigning 1 when Tail or Head

Question 53

On discovering an improperly adjusted drill press,Jack Joyner,Director of Quality Control,ordered an inspection of every fifth casting drilled during the evening shift.Jack is ordering a ___________________.

A) statistic from the castings
B) census of the castings
C) sample of the castings
D) sorting of the castings
E) parameter of the castings

Question 54

On discovering an improperly adjusted drill press,Jack Joyner,Director of Quality Control,ordered an inspection of every fifth casting drilled during the evening shift.Less than 1% of the castings were defective; so,Jack released the evening shift's production to assembly. This is an example of _______________.

A) nonparametric statistics
B) nominal data
C) descriptive statistics
D) inferential statistics
E) judgmental statistics

Question 55

The lowest level of data measurement is _______.

A) interval level
B) ordinal level
C) nominal level
D) ratio level
E) minimal level

Question 56

The process of summarizing the data is called

A) inferential statistics
B) nominal data
C) descriptive statistics
D) deferential statistics
E) nonparametric statistics

Question 57

A market researcher is interested in determining the average income for families in Duval County,Florida.To accomplish this,she takes a random sample of 400 families from the county and uses the data gathered from them to estimate the average income for families of the entire county. This process is an example of _______.

A) nonparametric statistics
B) nominal data
C) descriptive statistics
D) inferential statistics
E) census

Question 58

The Universal Pulp Company has a plant in Portland,Oregon. Management wants to determine the average number of sick days taken per worker in this plant in 2012.To do this,the management gathers records on all the workers in the plant and averages the number of sick days taken in 2012 by each worker. This process is using _______.

A) nonparametric statistics
B) nominal data
C) descriptive statistics
D) inferential statistics
E) a census

Question 59

A cancer research group was interested in determining the percentage of women 40 years or older that have regularly scheduled mammograms.To accomplish this,they surveyed 500 women in this age group and based on 155 women that responded affirmatively,estimated the percentage of all women in this age group that have regularly scheduled mammograms.This process is an example of _________.

A) nonparametric statistics
B) nominal data
C) descriptive statistics
D) inferential statistics
E) census

Question 60

Which of the following measurement processes is least likely to yield usable data?

A) Counting the number of shoppers entering the department store between 12 pm and 2 pm.
B) Studying cell phone bills and recording the number of text messages sent per month.
C) Performing a consumer survey of preferences in fast food chains
D) Asking students to list three things that are important to them.
E) Calculating the percent of college students who work at least 20 hours while attending school.

Question 61

A person has decided to code a particular set of sales data. A value of 0 is assigned if the sales occurred on a weekday,and a value of 1 means it happened on a weekend.This is an example of _______.

A) interval level data
B) ordinal level data
C) nominal level data
D) ratio level data
E) relative level data

Question 62

Sales of a restaurant (in dollars)are an example of what level of data measurement?

A) Interval level data
B) Ordinal level data
C) Nominal level data
D) Ratio level data
E) Relative level data

Question 63

A market research analyst has asked consumers to rate the appearance of a new package on a scale of 1 to 5. A 1 means that the appearance is awful while a 5 means that it is excellent.The measurement level of this data is _______.

A) interval level data
B) ordinal level data
C) nominal level data
D) ratio level data
E) relative level data

Question 64

The social security number of employees would be an example of what level of data measurement?

A) Interval level data
B) Ordinal level data
C) Nominal level data
D) Ratio level data
E) Relative level data

Question 65

A level of data measurement that has an absolute zero is called _______.

A) interval level
B) ordinal level
C) nominal level
D) ratio level
E) relative level

Question 66

Grades on a test range from 0 to 100. This level of data is _______.

A) interval level data
B) ordinal level data
C) nominal level data
D) ratio level data
E) relative level data

Question 67

Which types of data are normally used with nonparametric statistics?

A) Interval or ratio level data
B) Ordinal or nominal level data
C) Nominal or ratio level data
D) Ratio or ordinal level data
E) Relative or ratio level data

Question 68

Which types of data are normally used in parametric statistics?

A) Interval or ratio level data
B) Ordinal or nominal level data
C) Nominal or ratio level data
D) Ratio or ordinal level data
E) Relative or ratio level data

Question 69

A consumer has been asked to rank five cars based upon their desirability. This level of measurement is _______.

A) interval level
B) ordinal level
C) nominal level
D) ratio level
E) relative level

Question 70

Sue Taylor,Director of Global Industrial Sales,is concerned by a deteriorating sales trend. Specifically,the number of customers is stable at 1,500,but they are purchasing less each year.
She orders her staff to search for causes of the downward trend by surveying all 1,500 industrial customers. One question on the survey asked the customers: "How many people does your company employ? The measurement level for this question is __________.

A) interval level
B) ordinal level
C) nominal level
D) relative level
E) ratio level

Question 71

A question in a survey of microcomputer users asked: "Which operating system do you use most often: a.Apple OS 7,b.MS DOS,c.MS Windows 95,d.UNIX." The measurement level for this question is _________________.

A) nominal level
B) ordinal level
C) interval level
D) ratio level
E) relative level

Question 72

Members of the accounting department's clerical staff were asked to rate their supervisor's leadership style as either (1)authoritarian or (2)participatory. This is an example of _______.

A) interval level data
B) ordinal level data
C) nominal level data
D) ratio level data
E) relative level data

Question 73

Which scale of measurement has these two properties: linear distance is meaningful and the location of origin (or zero point)is absolute (or natural)?

A) Interval level
B) Ordinal level
C) Nominal level
D) Ratio level
E) Relative level

Question 74

Which of the following operations is meaningful for processing nominal data?

A) Addition
B) Multiplication
C) Ranking
D) Counting
E) Division

Question 75

Which scale of measurement has these two properties: linear distance is meaningful and the location of origin (or zero point)is arbitrary?

A) Interval level
B) Ordinal level
C) Nominal level
D) Ratio level
E) Minimal level

Question 76

Scholastic Aptitude Test scores are an example of what type of measurement scale?

A) Interval level data
B) Ordinal level data
C) Nominal level data
D) Ratio level data
E) Relative level data

Question 77

Sue Taylor,Director of Global Industrial Sales,is concerned by a deteriorating sales trend. Specifically,the number of customers is stable at 1,500,but they are purchasing less each year.
She orders her staff to search for causes of the downward trend by surveying all 1,500 industrial customers.One question on the survey asked the customers: "Which of the following best describes your primary business: a.manufacturing,b.wholesaler,c.retail,d.service." The measurement level for this question is _________________.

A) interval level
B) ordinal level
C) nominal level
D) ratio level
E) relative level

Question 78

Which of the following operations is meaningful for processing ordinal data,but is meaningless for processing nominal data?

A) Addition
B) Multiplication
C) Ranking
D) Counting
E) Division

Question 79

Morningstar Mutual Funds analyzes the risk and performance of mutual funds. Each mutual fund is assigned an overall rating of one to five stars. One star is the lowest rating,and five stars is the highest rating.This level of measurement is __________.

A) ordinal level
B) interval level
C) nominal level
D) ratio level
E) relative level

Question 80

If it were not for the existence of an "absolute zero," ratio data would be considered the same as _______.

A) interval level data
B) ordinal level data
C) nominal level data
D) ratio level data
E) relative level data