Deck 4: Socialization

Question 1

The hidden curriculum has failed to do its job if it convinces students they are judged on the basis of performance alone, even though in fact they are not.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Significance of the generalized other declines as childhood socialization progresses.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Most people attempt to develop skills that enable them to perform their gender roles in a culturally conventional way.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to the textbook, the idea of childhood as a distinct stage of life emerged only in the late twentieth century in societies that required better-educated adults and in which life expectancy rose.

Question 5

The Group of Seven, who introduced a new style into early twentieth-century Canadian painting, exemplify a generation rather than an age cohort.

Question 6

Globalization and a variety of technological advances have made the self more flexible than it used to be.

Question 7

Freud believed that self-image begins when infant demands are denied.

Question 8

Although they appear rebellious and unconventional, adolescent peer groups typically help members to integrate into the larger society and thus often serve as a source of social stability.

Question 9

The Thomas theorem states that "even if we define situations as real, this has no significance for their consequences."

Question 10

According to the textbook, what BEST explains different ways of thinking developed in ancient China and Greece?

A)innate psychology
B)social structure
C)evolutionary differences
D)common human nature

Question 11

The emphasis on consensus in ancient Chinese civilization was influenced by the requirements of rice agriculture.

Question 12

In which of the following areas do peer groups often have greater influence than parents over children?

A)religious identity
B)lifestyle
C)class identity
D)educational achievement

Question 13

What do sociologists call a ceremony or process that requires a new member of a group to abandon his or her old self-perceptions and assume a new identity?

A)a transformative reawakening
B)a solidarity rite
C)primary socialization
D)an initiation rite

Question 14

The influence of the family as an agent of socialization has declined in recent years.

Question 15

For George Herbert Mead, the "me" is the subjective side of the self and the "I" is the objective side, learned in the course of social interaction.

Question 16

Anticipatory socialization is a part of formal education.

Question 17

What is the principal lesson of the Stanford prison experiment?

A)Self-preservation is weakly related to social circumstances.
B)Self-concept is weakly related to social circumstances.
C)Self-concept is strongly related to social circumstances.
D)Self-preservation is strongly related to social circumstances.

Question 18

For sociologists, the development of cognitive and moral skills represents a natural unfolding of an individual's personality.

Question 19

Socialization is necessary to unleash inborn potential of children to become human.

Question 20

In total institutions, resocialization is often slow and incomplete due to the absence of initiation rites.

Question 21

According to Turkle, cyberspace allows individuals to assume new identities and explore new aspects of themselves.What is one consequence of this trend?

A)People can have multiple identities and multiple personal lives.
B)People have become more committed to traditional roles.
C)People have become more responsible for their actions.
D)People undergo inadvertent resocialization.

Question 22

What do sociologists call settings in which people are isolated from the larger society and are under the strict control and constant supervision of a specialized staff?

A)authoritarian communities
B)institutional settings
C)totalitarian regimes
D)total institutions

Question 23

In Mead's theory, which concepts refer to cultural standards acquired through socialization?

A)a significant other
B)the generalized other
C)the "I"
D)the "me"

Question 24

Research has shown that teachers can influence the outcome of tests by telling randomly assigned students that they are going to do well on those tests.What does this example illustrate?

A)self-fulfilling prophecy
B)status conflict
C)role conflict
D)hidden curriculum

Question 25

Sometimes an expectation leads people to create the very situation that they predicted.What is this phenomenon known as?

A)self-fulfilling prophecy
B)second vision
C)the Thomas theorem
D)hidden curriculum

Question 26

Which of the following reflects the conclusion drawn in the textbook about human flexibility?

A)Humans can change their bodies at will but can rarely change their self-concepts.
B)Humans can change their self-concepts at will but can rarely change their bodies.
C)Humans can change their bodies and their self-concepts at will.
D)Humans can rarely change their bodies or their self-concepts.

Question 27

The gender roles that most strongly influence people are those that are the most widespread.Which of the following statements helps explain their pervasiveness?

A)These roles are the easiest for youth to accept.
B)These roles are supported most widely throughout virtual communities.
C)These roles allow for the most flexibility of gender expressions.
D)These roles are most closely aligned with existing cultural standards.

Question 28

Next summer Heather is going to Italy for a year at a journalism school.In the meantime, she has enrolled in an Italian language course and has also got permission from a local journalist to observe her at work when she covers stories in her hometown.What is Heather engaging in?

A)anticipatory socialization
B)secondary socialization
C)anticipatory acculturation
D)secondary acculturation

Question 29

How is schoolyard bullying different from cyber-bullying?

A)It makes it easy for victims to retaliate.
B)It has disappeared from Canadian schools.
C)It is limited to a small audience.
D)It is harmless.

Question 30

Which of the following concepts refers to the idea that our self-concept depends largely on how we see ourselves judged by others?

A)the I
B)the superego
C)the significant other
D)the looking-glass self

Question 31

Which of the following is a stage in an initiation rite?

A)separation from one's new status and identity
B)degradation, disorientation, and stress
C)preservation of an existing identity
D)close supervision by specialized staff

Question 32

Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with Cooley's understanding of socialization?

A)All I need to know I learned from my family.
B)I am a good person.You can ask anybody.
C)Approval of others makes me happy.
D)Nobody knows the real me.

Question 33

In school, students are taught not only how to prepare for the job market but also how to be punctual, to cooperate with others, to defer to authorities, and so on.Which of the following refers to the latter area of teaching?

A)the process of socialization
B)citizenship and self-governance
C)a self-fulfilling prophecy
D)the hidden curriculum

Question 34

According to research cited in the textbook, in which of the following areas of their children's later lives do parents play a key role?

A)secondary socialization
B)choice of a marriage partner
C)the hidden curriculum
D)religious identification

Question 35

What do sociologists call socialization that occurs outside the family after childhood?

A)resocialization
B)secondary socialization
C)ancillary socialization
D)master socialization

Question 36

According to the textbook, which of the following changes in primary socialization has occurred over the last century?

A)The socializing influence of mothers has increased.
B)The socializing influence of peers has decreased.
C)Children now see less of their fathers.
D)Children are less influenced by the mass media.

Question 37

Which type of theorist would view the primary goal of education as socializing students to be effective members of the workforce?

A)a functionalist
B)a conflict theorist
C)a symbolic interactionist
D)a feminist

Question 38

What is the dominant socializing agent from middle childhood through adolescence?

A)the family
B)a school
C)a peer group
D)the mass media

Question 39

Which of the following is an important characteristic of a peer group?

A)similar ideology
B)similar behaviour
C)similar role-sets
D)similar status

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of continuous connectivity?

A)high cost of connectivity
B)having to take work calls during leisure time
C)distraction form face-to-face interaction
D)using unproven and unreliable information from the Internet

Question 41

When people enter military boot camp, they are expected to radically change themselves physically, mentally, and emotionally.What kind of socialization is this an example of?

A)self-socialization
B)primary socialization
C)resocialization
D)anticipatory socialization

Question 42

Which of the following influences on individual opportunities does the film The Secret Life of Walter Mitty disregard?

A)innate ability
B)individual initiative
C)social structure
D)willpower

Question 43

Which of the following has the most influence over the portrayal of gender in mass media?

A)owners and producers of mass media
B)parents of youth audiences
C)youth audiences
D)politicians

Question 44

Which of the following ideas about socialization best explains why teachers' negative evaluation of students may cause the students to do poorly in school?

A)the generalized self
B)the looking-glass self
C)the id
D)the I

Question 45

Which of the following correctly defines the Thomas theorem?

A)Social interaction is the result of our personal interests.
B)Phenomenology provides us with the best framework for understanding human behaviour.
C)Perceptions of reality are altered during the educational process.
D)Situations that are defined as real become real in their consequences.

Question 46

Three-year-old David's parents teach him how to share his toys with his two-year-old cousin Sam.According to George Herbert Mead, what is being created in this situation?

A)id
B)"I"
C)"me"
D)"you"

Question 47

Which of the following is most important among processes of socialization?

A)learning speech
B)learning motor skills
C)assuming social statuses
D)asocial roles

Question 48

What does a person reject during the "ritual rejection" stage of an initiation rite?

A)old status and identity
B)importance of rituals
C)rules of ritual behaviour
D)previously acquired knowledge

Question 49

According to the textbook, for which of the following gender roles do Harlequin romance novels prepare their readers?

A)sex subject
B)sex object
C)wife and mother
D)single mother

Question 50

Gaitri and Rowan do not normally attend religious ceremonies, but have decided to have one for their wedding.Who is most likely to influence their decision about the religious organization in which to hold the wedding?

A)their parents
B)their friends
C)their neighbours
D)their peers

Question 51

According to George Herbert Mead, what is the source of people's awareness of themselves as social beings?

A)introspection
B)direct experience
C)childhood conflicts involving significant others
D)imagining themselves from the perspective of others

Question 52

Which of the following is one of the most important factors contributing to the growing flexibility of the self?

A)resocialization
B)the creation of virtual communities
C)globalization
D)initiation rites

Question 53

In preindustrial societies, how were children viewed?

A)as smaller versions of adults
B)as capable of doing no wrong
C)as being inherently wicked
D)as sent to earth by supernatural beings

Question 54

Jasinder is a nine-year-old girl who is already highly skilled at soccer and sought after as a teammate.According to Mead, what is her success dependent upon?

A)evoking memories
B)taking the role of the self
C)repressing the significant other
D)simultaneously taking the role of several others

Question 55

Six-year-old Tiffany's parents buy her an Easy Bake oven, a Barbie doll, and some princess dress-up clothes for her birthday.What are they engaging in?

A)feminization
B)female bonding
C)gender socialization
D)self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 56

Arne is a computer programmer, looking for a new position that would enable him to spend more time with his children and travel.Which of the following generations is he most likely to belong to?

A)the greatest generation
B)the silent generation
C)baby boomers
D)the Millennials

Question 57

According to Mead, which component of the self is the last to develop?

A)the ego
B)the other
C)the I
D)the me

Question 58

Based on the research described in the textbook, which of the following is typical of children reared in isolation?

A)They have difficulties forming intimate social relationships.
B)They have a strong sense of self.
C)They are unable to progress beyond the concrete operational stage of thinking.
D)They lack what Freud called "id" impulses.

Question 59

Which of the following refers to widely shared expectations about how males and females are supposed to act?

A)media roles
B)gender roles
C)sex roles
D)ideal roles

Question 60

Arjun is a devoted environmentalist, concerned about his carbon footprint and volunteering for Greenpeace.He is confident that grassroots action can stop climate change.Which generation is he most likely to belong to?

A)Generation X
B)Generation Me
C)baby boomers
D)baby busters

Question 61

What developmental deficit has research of initially neglected Romanian orphans shown even years after adoption?

A)inferior height and weight
B)emotional and intellectual underdevelopment
C)weak hand-eye coordination
D)insufficient aggression

Question 62

Which of the following statements is consistent with the Thomas theorem?

A)Parents and teachers cooperate closely.
B)Extracurricular activities are essential for students' success.
C)Teachers' expectations influence students' success.
D)The educational system is strictly merit-based.

Question 63

What do we call associations of people, scattered across the country or the world, who are able to communicate via the computer about some common interest?

A)global communities
B)virtual communities
C)computer-mediated communities
D)the Internet

Question 64

How can the great variation in character types, as an outcome of socialization, be explained?

A)by variation in the level of human potential
B)by variation in the level of social integration
C)by variation in types of socializing agents
D)by variation in social environment

Question 65

What differentiates generations from age cohorts?

A)formative experiences
B)formative values
C)formative roles
D)formative behaviours

Question 66

What is the main sociological contribution of Sigmund Freud's theory?

A)that the self emerges during early social interaction
B)that the self provides instant gratification
C)that the self is beyond the pleasure principle
D)that the self is formed in a haphazard manner

Question 67

Which of the following is the best example of a rite of passage?

A)parent-teacher conference
B)a birthday party
C)a wedding
D)Canada day

Question 68

Which of the following is the most important consequence of common experiences of a generation?

A)diverse identities
B)common identity
C)diverse rites of passage
D)common rites of passage

Question 69

In Stanley Kubrick's film A Clockwork Orange (1971), a violent criminal undergoes aversion therapy while jailed.He is forced to watch violent acts such as the ones he had himself committed and experiences pain every time he watches them.What process is he undergoing?

A)self-socialization
B)secondary socialization
C)anticipatory socialization
D)resocialization

Question 70

According to Charles Horton Cooley, what is meant by the "looking-glass self" in our interaction with others?

A)The superego is taken over by the generalized other.
B)The I is forced to confront the me.
C)We pay attention to the way others evaluate us.
D)Our thinking becomes fixed in the concrete operational stage.

Question 71

A child is getting her first ice-skating lesson.She steps on the ice and immediately falls.What has the environment just provided her?

A)feedback
B)control
C)adaptation
D)socialization

Question 72

Which of the following ideas is the message of Extreme Makeover and similar shows consistent with?

A)stable personality structure
B)initiation rite
C)looking-glass self
D)resocialization

Question 73

Sociological research shows that families have more influence on many important areas of life than do peer groups.Which of the following is one such area?

A)clothing choices
B)music preference
C)educational aspirations
D)entertainment preferences

Question 74

In Stanley Kubrick's film A Clockwork Orange (1971), a violent criminal undergoes aversion therapy while jailed, forcing him to watch violent acts such as the ones he had himself committed.In what type of place is he being held?

A)a total institution
B)a torture ward
C)a re-institutionalization facility
D)a re-initiation facility

Question 75

Sometimes situations we define as real become real in their consequences.What does this phenomenon illustrate?

A)the hidden curriculum
B)the secondary socialization
C)the generalized other
D)the Thomas theorem

Question 76

Which of the following does NOT vary historically and across societies?

A)marking of life stages by rites of passage
B)importance of particular life stages
C)length of particular life stages
D)length of general life stages

Question 77

Which theory has proposed the concept of the hidden curriculum?

A)functionalism
B)role theory
C)conflict theory
D)psychoanalysis

Question 78

Which of the following is typical of a 15-year-old adolescent?

A)He or she has well-developed ego controls.
B)He or she knows where he or she is going in life.
C)He or she has a vaguely defined sense of self.
D)He or she has little contact with parental figures.

Question 79

Which of the following Canadians is likely to watch the most television?

A)Marilyn from Edmonton, Alberta
B)Jeff from Victoria, British Columbia
C)Betty from Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
D)Wesley from Iqaluit, Nunavut

Question 80

Which of the following groups was historically the first to enjoy a defined period of childhood?

A)boys from wealthy families
B)girls from wealthy families
C)boys from poor families
D)girls from poor families